This book introduces a paradigm of reverse hypothesis machines (RHM), focusing on knowledge innovation and machine learning. Knowledge- acquisition -based learning is constrained by large volumes of data and is time consuming. Hence Knowledge innovation based learning is the need of time. Since under-learning results in cognitive inabilities and over-learning compromises freedom, there is need for optimal machine learning. All existing learning techniques rely on mapping input and output and establishing mathematical relationships between them. Though methods change the paradigm remains the same-the forward hypothesis machine paradigm, which tries to minimize uncertainty. The RHM, on the other hand, makes use of uncertainty for creative learning. The approach uses limited data to help identify new and surprising solutions. It focuses on improving learnability, unlike traditional approaches, which focus on accuracy. The book is useful as a reference book for machine learning researchers and professionals as well as machine intelligence enthusiasts. It can also used by practitioners to develop new machine learning applications to solve problems that require creativity.

"Advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." --Arthur C. ClarkeThis well-researched book makes sense of the new advances in electronic services and resources available to science and technology libraries. It will familiarize you with the latest collection development, reference service, and information service technologies. Inside you ll find case studies, examples of successful implementations of emerging information technologies, helpful tables and figures, screen shots, and more In addition to bringing you up to date on the latest trends in the area, Electronic Resources and Services in Sci-Tech Libraries will provide you with essential background information on these important technologies.With Electronic Resources and Services in Sci-Tech Libraries, you ll learn: how the University of Arizona Libraries access remote electronic resources how journal articles containing complex mathematics are published on the Web--including the latest developments in MathML, PDF, OpenMath, and more how the e-resource registry approach can be integrated with existing custom Web-based services how to use user-centered criteria to evaluate electronic journals how to use e-prints (electronic preprints) to break the stranglehold that journal publishers have over science libraries how to get the most from electronic reserves-with tips and techniques for implementing an e-reserves service, negotiating copyright issues, and more how to implement a successful current awareness services program how the next generation of library portals will impact sci-tech libraries and much more

The use of neural networks is permeating every area of signal processing. They can provide powerful means for solving many problems, especially in nonlinear, real-time, adaptive, and blind signal processing. The Handbook of Neural Network Signal Processing brings together applications that were previously scattered among various publications to provide an up-to-date, detailed treatment of the subject from an engineering point of view.

The authors cover basic principles, modeling, algorithms, architectures, implementation procedures, and well-designed simulation examples of audio, video, speech, communication, geophysical, sonar, radar, medical, and many other signals. The subject of neural networks and their application to signal processing is constantly improving. You need a handy reference that will inform you of current applications in this new area. The Handbook of Neural Network Signal Processing provides this much needed service for all engineers and scientists in the field.

Today's commercial, medical and military electronics are becoming smaller and smaller. At the same time these devices demand more power and currently this power requirement is met almost exclusively by battery power. This book includes coverage of ceramic hybrid separators for micro fuel cells and miniature fuel cells built with LTCC technology. It also covers novel fuel cells and discusses the application of fuel cell in microelectronics.

This publication documents the proceedings of the first Workshop on Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) and Applications, hosted by the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE) and the NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 29-31 May, 1996, and attended by approximately 70 people from academia, government laboratories, and industry. ICASE's charter mission in 1972 remains today - to explore novel computer environments (vector in the 1970s; parallel in the 1990s) for scientific computing. These proceedings provide a necessary foundation for symposia in computational electromagnetics for future aerospace applications. The objectives of this CEM Workshop were to provide a forum for many of the leaders of the community to assess the state of CEM technology and to discuss areas of research for future programmatic planning activities. Workshop sessions included topics on optimization, industrial applications, algorithms, and a special panel session was provided during which issues were discussed and future research areas were identified. Hopefully, this publication will stimulate and improve communication among multidisciplinary researchers as well as highlighting several CEM areas that need improvement - especially for highly challenging problems. The two most important criteria in the selection of speakers for the workshop were their substantial contribution to large-scale CEM problems and their ability to articulate the issues confronting the CEM research community. Based on the results obtained, it is anticipated that this publication will be useful to government, industry, and university researchers to plan future research tasks in CEM analyticalmethods and applications.

This jaw-dropping window on the future is the first comprehensive overview of the fabrication, fundamental properties, and applications of a new class of nanoscaled organic materials. These materials offer incredible scope to scientists wanting to exploit their optical and electronic properties and offer the potential to create a new generation of tiny devices with powerful applications. Altogether, the book offers a unique integration of organic materials science basics, nanostructured organic materials fabrication, and device applications.

This book presents the overall vision and research outcomes of Nano-Tera.ch, which is a landmark Swiss federal program to advance engineering system and device technologies with applications to Health and the Environment, including smart Energy generation and consumption. The authors discuss this unprecedented nation-wide program, with a lifetime of almost 10 years and a public funding of more than 120 MCHF, which helped to position Switzerland at the forefront of the research on multi-scale engineering of complex systems and networks, and strongly impacted the Swiss landscape in Engineering Sciences.

Since the publication of the first edition in 1992, the HVAC industry has gone through enormous changes. As simple digital systems have given way to more complex systems, demand for information on how these systems operate, how they are best applied and how they communicate with other building control systems has grown rapidly. Direct Digital Control for Building Systems, Second Edition is thoroughly updated and expanded to include coverage of the architecture of modern digital control systems, distributed intelligence networked systems, communication protocols, the technologies and issues concerning interoperability, the latest application strategies, and defensive techniques for designing and specifying control systems. Numerous illustrations throughout help keep the subject highly accessible, and hardware, software, and systems applications are described in the most universal terms possible. This thoroughly revised second edition also contains a full section on BACnetA(R) standard and Echelon's LonWorksA(R) technology; their meaning, applications, and future implications. An up-to-date appendix is provided. Insights on emerging technologies in intelligent control systems and what the future holds for this dynamic field is covered throughout.

This thesis describes improvements to and control of the electrical conductance in single-molecule junctions (SMJs), which have potential applications in molecular electronics, with a focus on the bonding between the metal and molecule. In order to improve the electrical conductance, the orbital of the molecule is directly bonded to the metal orbital, because anchoring groups, which were typically used in other studies to bind molecule with metal electrodes, became resistive spacers. Using this direct -binding, the author has successfully demonstrated highly conductive SMJs involving benzene, endohedral metallofullerene Ce@C82, and nitrogen. Subsequently, the author investigated control of the electrical conductance of SMJs using pyrazine. The nitrogen atom in the -conjugated system of pyrazine was expected to function as an anchoring point, and two bonding states were expected. One originates primarily from the orbital, while the other originates primarily from an n state of the nitrogen. Measurements of conductance and dI/dV spectra coupled with theoretical calculations revealed that the pyrazine SMJ has bistable conductance states, in which the pyrazine axis is either tilted or parallel with respect to the junction axis. The bistable states were switched by changing the gap size between the metal electrodes using an external force. Notably, it is difficult to change the electrical properties of bulk-state materials using mechanical force. The findings reveal that the electron transport properties of a SMJ can be controlled by designing a proper metal-molecule interface, which has considerable potential for molecular electronics. Moreover, this thesis will serve as a guideline for every step of SMJ research: design, fabrication, evaluation, and control.

From the point of view of a user this book covers all aspects of modern electrical drives. It is aimed at both users, who wish to understand, design, use, and maintain electrical drives, as well as specialists, technicians, engineers, and students, who wish to gain a comprehensive overview of electrical drives.
Jens Weidauer and Richard Messer describe the principles of electrical drives, their design, and application, through to complex automation solutions. In the process, they introduce the entire spectrum of drive solutions available and their main applications. A special aspect is the combination of multiple drives to form a drive system, as well as the integration of drives into automation solutions.
In simple and clear language, and supported with many diagrams, complex relationships are described and presented in an easy-to-understand way. The authors deliberately avoid a comprehensive mathematical treatment of their subject and instead focus on a coherent description of the active principles and relationships. As a result, the reader will be in a position to understand electrical drives as a whole and to solve drive-related problems in everyday professional life.

"Blind Source Separation" intends to report the new results of the efforts on the study of Blind Source Separation (BSS). The book collects novel research ideas and some training in BSS, independent component analysis (ICA), artificial intelligence and signal processing applications. Furthermore, the research results previously scattered in many journals and conferences worldwide are methodically edited and presented in a unified form. The book is likely to be of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in computer science and electronics who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms and applications of BSS.

Dr. Ganesh R. Naik works at University of Technology, Sydney, Australia; Dr. Wenwu Wang works at University of Surrey, UK.

Adaptive Resonance Theory Microchips describes circuit strategies resulting in efficient and functional adaptive resonance theory (ART) hardware systems. While ART algorithms have been developed in software by their creators, this is the first book that addresses efficient VLSI design of ART systems. All systems described in the book have been designed and fabricated (or are nearing completion) as VLSI microchips in anticipation of the impending proliferation of ART applications to autonomous intelligent systems. To accommodate these systems, the book not only provides circuit design techniques, but also validates them through experimental measurements. The book also includes a chapter tutorially describing four ART architectures (ART1, ARTMAP, Fuzzy-ART and Fuzzy-ARTMAP) while providing easily understandable MATLAB code examples to implement these four algorithms in software. In addition, an entire chapter is devoted to other potential applications for real-time data clustering and category learning.

Integrated Silicon Optoelectronics synthesizes topics from optoelectronics and microelectronics. The book concentrates on silicon as the major base of modern semiconductor devices and circuits. Starting from the basics of optical emission and absorption, as well as from the device physics of photodetectors, the aspects of the integration of photodetectors in modern bipolar, CMOS, and BiCMOS technologies are discussed. Detailed descriptions of fabrication technologies and applications of optoelectronic integrated circuits are included. The book, furthermore, contains a review of the newest state of research on eagerly anticipated silicon light emitters. In order to cover the topics comprehensively, also included are integrated waveguides, gratings, and optoelectronic power devices. Numerous elaborate illustrations facilitate and enhance comprehension. This extended edition will be of value to engineers, physicists, and scientists in industry and at universities. The book is also recommended to graduate students specializing on microelectronics or optoelectronics.

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) has become a necessity rather than a specialization for electrical and computer engineers. This unique text provides Engineering and Computer Science students with a comprehensive study of the subject, covering VLSI from basic design techniques to working principles of physical design automation tools to leading edge application-specific array processors.

Beginning with CMOS design, the author describes VLSI design from the viewpoint of a digital circuit engineer. He develops physical pictures for CMOS circuits and demonstrates the top-down design methodology using two design projects - a microprocessor and a field programmable gate array. The author then discusses VLSI testing and dedicates an entire chapter to the working principles, strengths, and weaknesses of ubiquitous physical design tools. Finally, he unveils the frontiers of VLSI. He emphasizes its use as a tool to develop innovative algorithms and architecture to solve previously intractable problems.

VLSI Design answers not only the question of "what is VLSI," but also shows how to use VLSI. It provides graduate and upper level undergraduate students with a complete and congregated view of VLSI engineering.

This book is the definitive study of the life and works of one of Britain's most important inventors who, due to a cruel set of circumstances, has all but been overlooked by history. Alan Dower Blumlein led an extraordinary life in which his inventive output rate easily surpassed that of Edison, but whose early death during the darkest days of World War Two led to a shroud of secrecy which has covered his life and achievements ever since. His 1931 Patent for a Binaural Recording system was so revolutionary that most of his contemporaries regarded it at as more than 20 years ahead of its time. Even years after his death, the full magnitude of its detail had not been fully utilized. Among his 128 Patents are the principle electronic circuits critical to the development of the world's first electronic television system. During his short working life, Blumlein produced patent after patent breaking entirely new ground in electronic and audio engineering. During the Second World War, Alan Blumlein was deeply engaged in the very secret work of radar development and contributed enormously to the system eventually to become 'H2S'- blind bombing radar. Tragically, during an experimental H2S flight in June 1942, the Halifax bomber in which Blumlein and several colleagues were flying, crashed and all aboard were killed. He was just days short of his 39th birthday. For many years there have been rumours about a biography of Alan Blumlein, yet none has been forthcoming. This is the world's first study of a man whose achievements should rank among those of the greatest Britain has produced. This book provides detailed knowledge of every one of his patents and the process behind them, while giving an in depth study of the life and times of this quite extraordinary man.

This is a completely new textbook written to be fully in line with the new BTEC Higher National unit from Edexcel, the 2000 specification Advanced GNVQ unit, BTEC NII and NIII, and A-Level modules. The resulting breadth of coverage makes Microelectronics - Systems and Devices an excellent international student text.
The book takes a student-centred approach towards microelectronics, with Test Your Knowledge features to check understanding, and numerous Activities suitable for practicals, homeworks and other assignments. Key facts, formulae and definitions are highlighted to aid revision, and theory is backed up by numerous examples throughout the book. Each chapter ends with a set of problems, which include exam-style questions and multiple-choice questions, with numerical and multi-choice answers provided in the back of the book. In addition, a number of Assignments appear through the book for which answers are provided in a separate lecturer's supplement (free to adopters). The Assignments are ideal for tests or revision homeworks.
As well as matching the latest syllabuses, this book covers the latest devices in use in colleges: the 80C31 and PIC families. The material is suitably flexible to provide a core text for colleges using other chips such as the 8051, the 8086/Pentium family and 'classics' such as the Z80 and 6502.
Owen Bishop's talent for introducing the world of electronics has long been a proven fact with his Beginner's Guide to Electronics, Understand Electronics and a range of popular circuit construction guides chosen by thousands of students, lecturers and electronics enthusiasts. He is also well known for his college texts such as Understand TechnicalMathematics.
A major new Newnes college text for GNVQ, HNC/HND etc (2000 specifications)
A comprehensive student-centred text - not tied to one syllabus
Fully up-to-date - includes microcontrollers

In view of the importance of system identification, the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) and the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS) hold symposia on this topic every three years. Interest in continuous time approaches to system identification has been growing in recent years. This is evident from the fact that the of invited sessions on continuous time systems has increased from one in the 8th number Symposium that was held in Beijing in 1988 to three in the 9th Symposium in Budapest in 1991. It was during the 8th Symposium in August 1988 that the idea of bringing together important results on the topic of Identification of continuous time systems was conceived. Several distinguished colleagues, who were with us in Beijing at that time, encouraged us by promising on the spot to contribute to a comprehensive volume of collective work. Subsequently, we contacted colleagues all over the world, known for their work in this area, with a formal request to contribute to the proposed volume. The response was prompt and overwhelmingly encouraging. We sincerely thank all the authors for their valuable contributions covering various aspects of identification of continuous time systems.

Hardware verification is the process of checking whether a design conforms to its specification of functionality. In today's design processes it becomes more and more important. Very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits and the resulting digital systems have conquered a place in almost all areas of our life, even in security sensitive applications. Complex digital systems control airplanes, have been used in banks and on intensive-care units. Hence, the demand for error-free designs is more important than ever. In addition, economic reasons underline this demand as well. The design and production process of present day VLSI-circuits is highly time- and cost-intensive. Moreover, it is nearly impossible to repair integrated circuits. Thus, it is desirable to detect design errors early in the design process and not just after producing the prototype chip. All these facts are reflected by developing and production statistics of present day companies. For example, nowadays about 60% to 80% of the overall design time is spent for verification. This shows that verifying logical correctness of the design of hardware systems is a major gate to the problem of time-to-market.
With the chip complexity constantly increasing, the difficulty as well as the importance of functional verification of new product designs has been increased. It is not only more important to get error-free designs. Moreover, it becomes an increasingly difficult task for a team of human designers to carry out a full design without errors. The traditional training of new verification engineers has to be adapted to the new situation. New skills are necessary. For these reasons, nearly all major universities offer lectureson basic verification techniques such as propositional temporal logic, model checking, equivalence checking, and simulation coverage measures. The present book is designed as a textbook covering one of the most important aspects in the verification process &endash; equivalence checking of Boolean circuits.
Equivalence Checking of Digital Circuits is a textbook for advanced students in electrical and computer engineering, but is also intended for researchers who will find it useful as a reference text.

About five to six years ago, the words 'packaging and manufacturing' started to be used together to emphasize that we have to make not only a few but thousands or even millions of packages which meet functional requirements. The aim of this book is to provide the much needed reviews and in-depth discussions on the advanced topics surrounding packaging and manufacturing. The first chapter gives a comprehensive review of manufacturing chal lenges in electronic packaging based on trends predicted by different resources. Almost all the functional specifications have already been met by technologies demonstrated in laboratories. However, it would take tremendous efforts to implement these technologies for mass production or flexible manufacturing. The topics crucial to this implementation are discussed in the following chapters: Chapter 2: Challenges in solder assembly technologies; Chapter 3: Testing and characterization; Chapter 4: Design for manufacture and assembly of electronic packages; Chapter 5: Process modeling, optimization and control in electronics manufacturing; and Chapter 6: Integrated manufacturing system for printed circuit board assembly. The electronics-based products are very competitive and becoming more and more application-specific. Their packages should fulfill cost, speed, power, weight, size, reliability and time-to-market requirements. More importantly, the packages should be manufacturable in mass or flexible production lines. These chapters are excellent references for professionals who need to meet the challenge through design and manufacturing improvements. This book will also introduce students to the critical issues for competitive design and manufacturing in electronic packaging."

This book brings together recent research by scientists and device engineers working on both aggressively-scaled conventional transistors as well as unconventional high-frequency device concepts in the III-N material system. Device concepts for mm-wave to THz operation based on deeply-scaled HEMTs, as well as distributed device designs based on plasma-wave propagation in polarization-induced 2DEG channels, tunneling, and hot-carrier injection are discussed in detail. In addition, advances in the underlying materials science that enable these demonstrations, and advancements in metrology that permit the accurate characterization and evaluation of these emerging device concepts are also included. Targeting readers looking to push the envelope in GaN-based electronics device research, this book provides a current, comprehensive treatment of device concepts and physical phenomenology suitable for applying GaN and related materials to emerging ultra-high-frequency applications. Offers readers an integrated treatment of the state of the art in both conventional (i.e., HEMT) scaling as well as unconventional device architectures suitable for amplification and signal generation in the mm-wave and THz regime using GaN-based devices, written by authors that are active and widely-known experts in the field; Discusses both conventional scaled HEMTs (into the deep mm-wave) as well as unconventional approaches to address the mm-wave and THz regimes; Provides "vertically integrated" coverage, including materials science that enables these recent advances, as well as device physics & design, and metrology techniques; Includes fundamental physics, as well as numerical simulations and experimental realizations.

At present, both Industry 4.0 and industrial engineering management developments are reshaping the industrial sector worldwide. Industry 4.0 and sustainability are considered as the crucial emerging trends in industrial production systems. The resulting transformations are changing production modes from traditional to digital, intelligent, and decentralized. It is expected that Industry 4.0 will help drive sustainability in industries thanks to the implementation of advanced technology and a move towards social sustainability. This book reflects on the consequences of the transition to Industry 4.0 for climate change. The book presents a systemic overview of the current negative impacts of digitization on the environment and showcases a new outline of the energy domain and expected changes in environmental pollution levels under Industry 4.0. It also analyzes the ecological consequences of the growth and development of Industry 4.0 and considers Industry 4.0 as an alternative to fighting climate change, in the sense of shifting the global community's attention from environmental protection to consolidation of the digital economy. This book will be of interest to academicians and practitioners in the fields of climate change and development of Industry 4.0, and it will contribute to national economic policies for fighting climate change and corporate strategies of sustainable development under Industry 4.0.

Now in its third edition, Electricity for the Entertainment Electrician & Technician is a comprehensive, practical study guide for aspiring and working professionals in live event production. The book covers every aspect of power distribution from the fundamentals, like basic circuits, to 3-phase power, power calculations, grounding and bonding, electrical safety, portable power generators, and battery power. With ample photographs and illustrations, practice problems and solutions, and real-world examples from experience and first-hand accounts, it provides readers with the knowledge to safely design, set up, and monitor power distribution systems. The third edition expands on grounding and bonding, portable power generators, balanced and unbalanced 3-phase power calculations, battery power, and more. The last chapter walks readers through the process of prepping for a show, setting up a portable power distribution system, and monitoring every aspect of the system, including voltage, current, and heat using an infrared camera, explaining in detail best practices and the logic behind them. Covering topics that are listed in the content outline for the ETCP Entertainment Electrician Certification exam as well as the ETCP Portable Power Distribution Technician Certification exam, this reference supports practicing technicians and provides new technicians the assistance they need for a successful career in the entertainment industry. Additional resources, including conversion tables, voltage spreadsheets, articles from Lighting & Sound International, Lighting & Sound America, and Protocol, and animations and illustrations depicting electricity and electric power distribution developed for the author's workshops, can be found on the companion website www.electrics.tech.

The era of the personal computer has, without doubt, permanently altered our life style in a myriad of ways. The "brain" of the personal computer is the microprocessor (together with RAM and ROM) which makes the decisions needed for the computer to perform in the desired manner. The microprocessor continues to evolve as increasingly complex tasks are required. While not sharing the limelight of the microprocessor, the "heart" of the personal computer, namely the power supply, is equally important since without the necessary source of power the microprocessor would be a useless piece of silicon. The power supply of twenty years ago was much different than its modem day equivalent. At the dawn of the personal computer era in the late 1970s, de power was obtained from a simple diode bridge. However, the need for smooth, regulated DC at low voltage required at the same time both a bulky input transformer and a large dc side ftlter. Those computer fans present at the birth of this industry can remember the large boxes housing our Altair, Cromemco and Northstar computers which was made necessary largely because of the huge power supply. It is not well appreciated but certainly true that the huge sucess of the Apple II computer in those days was due, at least in part, to the relatively slim proftle of the machine. This sleek appearance was largely due to the adoption of the then new and unproven switched mode power supply.

A large international conference in Intelligent Automation and Computer Engineering was held in Hong Kong, March 18-20, 2009, under the auspices of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists (IMECS 2009). The IMECS is organized by the International Association of Engineers (IAENG). Intelligent Automation and Computer Engineering contains 37 revised and extended research articles written by prominent researchers participating in the conference. Topics covered include artificial intelligence, decision supporting systems, automated planning, automation systems, control engineering, systems identification, modelling and simulation, communication systems, signal processing, and industrial applications. Intelligent Automation and Computer Engineering offers the state of the art of tremendous advances in intelligent automation and computer engineering and also serves as an excellent reference text for researchers and graduate students, working on intelligent automation and computer engineering.

'Microprocessor Technology' provides a complete introduction to the subject of microprocessor technology using the Z80 and 6502 processors. An emphasis on fault-finding and repair makes this an ideal text for servicing courses including City & Guilds 2240 in the UK, microelectronics units on BTEC National/Advanced GNVQ and City & Guilds 7261 Microprocessor Technology. It will also provide a refresher course for those on 'bridging' and micro appreciation courses where a measure of comparative studies is required. Clear and concise explanations are supported by worked examples, tutorials, long answer questions and assignments giving students the opportunity to test their knowledge as they progress through the course as well as providing an essential revision tool in the run-up to exams.