Sliding Mode Control of Switching Power Converters: Techniques and Implementation is perhaps the first in-depth account of how sliding mode controllers can be practically engineered to optimize control of power converters. A complete understanding of this process is timely and necessary, as the electronics industry moves toward the use of renewable energy sources and widely varying loads that can be adequately supported only by power converters using nonlinear controllers. Of the various advanced control methods used to handle the complex requirements of power conversion systems, sliding mode control (SMC) has been most widely investigated and proved to be a more feasible alternative than fuzzy and adaptive control for existing and future power converters. Bridging the gap between power electronics and control theory, this book employs a top-down instructional approach to discuss traditional and modern SMC techniques. Covering everything from equations to analog implantation, it: Provides a comprehensive general overview of SMC principles and methods Offers advanced readers a systematic exposition of the mathematical machineries and design principles relevant to construction of SMC, then introduces newer approaches Demonstrates the practical implementation and supporting design rules of SMC, based on analog circuits Promotes an appreciation of general nonlinear control by presenting it from a practical perspective and using familiar engineering terminology With specialized coverage of modeling and implementation that is useful to students and professionals in electrical and electronic engineering, this book clarifies SMC principles and their application to power converters. Making the material equally accessible to all readers, whether their background is in analog circuit design, power electronics, or control engineering, the authors-experienced researchers in their own right-elegantly and practically relate theory, application, and mathematical concepts and models to corresponding industrial targets.

CMOS Data Converters for Communications distinguishes itself from other data converter books by emphasizing system-related aspects of the design and frequency-domain measures. It explains in detail how to derive data converter requirements for a given communication system (baseband, passband, and multi-carrier systems). The authors also review CMOS data converter architectures and discuss their suitability for communications. The rest of the book is dedicated to high-performance CMOS data converter architecture and circuit design. Pipelined ADCs, parallel ADCs with an improved passive sampling technique, and oversampling ADCs are the focus for ADC architectures, while current-steering DAC modeling and implementation are the focus for DAC architectures. The principles of the switched-current and the switched-capacitor techniques are reviewed and their applications to crucial functional blocks such as multiplying DACs and integrators are detailed. The book outlines the design of the basic building blocks such as operational amplifiers, comparators, and reference generators with emphasis on the practical aspects. To operate analog circuits at a reduced supply voltage, special circuit techniques are needed. Low-voltage techniques are also discussed in this book. CMOS Data Converters for Communications can be used as a reference book by analog circuit designers to understand the data converter requirements for communication applications. It can also be used by telecommunication system designers to understand the difficulties of certain performance requirements on data converters. It is also an excellent resource to prepare analog students for the new challenges ahead.

Shows how nonlinear phenomena play a more and more important role for everybody using the laser "as a tool," making it unique in this respect.

Provides a basic knowledge of modern lasers, as well as the principles of nonlinear optical spectroscopy (and an exhaustive list of 4000 references)

From first-edition reviews: "Almost a handbook, reviewing in a single author's voice the basic properties of light and its linear and nonlinear interactions with matter, both in the absence and in the presence of absorption." Physics Today

This book describes scalable and near-optimal, processor-level design space exploration (DSE) methodologies. The authors present design methodologies for data storage and processing in real-time, cost-sensitive data-dominated embedded systems. Readers will be enabled to reduce time-to-market, while satisfying system requirements for performance, area, and energy consumption, thereby minimizing the overall cost of the final design.

There is a growing understanding that the progress of the conventional silicon technology will reach its physical, engineering and economic limits in near future. This fact, however, does not mean that progress in computing will slow down. What will take us beyond the silicon era are new nano-technologies that are being pursued in university and corporate laboratories around the world. In particular, molecular switching devices and systems that will self-assemble through molecular recognition are being designed and studied. Many labora tories are now testing new types of these and other reversible switches, as well as fabricating nanowires needed to connect circuit elements together. But there are still significant opportunities and demand for invention and discovery be fore nanoelectronics will become a reality. The actual mechanisms of transport through molecular quantum dots and nanowires are of the highest current ex perimental and theoretical interest. In particular, there is growing evidence that both electron-vibron interactions and electron-electron correlations are impor tant. Further progress requires worldwide efforts of trans-disciplinary teams of physicists, quantum chemists, material and computer scientists, and engineers."

The book describes the main physical processes and phenomena in pulsed electric breakdown. The knowledge and the control of the electric breakdown of liquids is important not only for the insulation inside power systems but it is also used for the creation and information of high voltage and high current pulses. Such high-voltage micro- and nanosecond pulses find wide application in experimental physics, electro discharge technology, physics of dielectrics, radar detection and ranging, high-speed photography.

The study of circuits is the foundation on which most other courses in the electrical engineering curriculum are based. For this reason the first course in circuit analysis must be appropriate to the succeeding specializations, which may be classified into two groups. One is a specialization in electro nics, microelectronics, communications, computers etc. , or so-called low current, low-voltage engineering. The other is in power electronics, power systems, energy conversion devices etc. , or so-called high-current, high voltage engineering. It is evident that although there are many common teaching topics in the basic course of circuit analysis, there are also certain differences. Unfortunately most of the textbooks in this field are written from the 'electronic engineer's viewpoint', i. e. with the emphasis on low current systems. This brought the author to the conclusion that there is a definite disad vantage in not having a more appropriate book for the specializations in high-current, high-voltage engineering. Thus the idea for this book came into being. The major feature distinguishing this book from others on circuit analysis is in delivering the material with a very strong connection to the specializations in the field of power systems, i. e. in high-current and high voltage engineering. The author believes that this emphasis gives the reader more opportunity for a better understanding and practice of the material which is relevant for power system network analysis, and to prepare students for their further specializations.

This is the first book on lock-in thermography, an analytical method applied to the diagnosis of microelectronic devices. This useful introduction and guide reviews various experimental approaches to lock-in thermography, with special emphasis on the lock-in IR thermography developed by the authors themselves.

This book is concerned with electromechanical systems, particularly the interaction between and the control of the electrical (electronic) and mechanical components. As electronics is becoming increasingly important in controlling machines, the problems of mechanical engineering can be less and less separated from those of electronic engineering and control engineering. This graduate-level text fills a gap in the literature by considering these problems from a unified perspective; it requires only a background in undergraduate mechanical engineering as a prerequisite. The first part of the book deals with electromechanical sensors and actuators, beginning with a review of mechanics and electrodynamics. These fundamentals are then applied to simple devices such as stepper motors, DC motors, and piezoelectric devices. Part two focuses on issues involving control, and begins with a review of classical control theory. Subsequent chapters discuss computer-controlled electromechanical systems, residual vibration, and active damping.

Electrical drives lie at the heart of most industrial processes and make a major contribution to the comfort and high quality products we all take for granted. They provide the controller power needed at all levels, from megawatts in cement production to milliwatts in wrist watches. Other examples are legion, from the domestic kitchen to public utilities. The modern electrical drive is a complex item, comprising a controller, a static converter and an electrical motor. Some can be programmed by the user. Some can communicate with other drives. Semiconductor switches have improved, intelligent power modules have been introduced, all of which means that control techniques can be used now that were unimaginable a decade ago. Nor has the motor side stood still: high-energy permanent magnets, semiconductor switched reluctance motors, silicon micromotor technology, and soft magnetic materials produced by powder technology are all revolutionising the industry. But the electric drive is an enabling technology, so the revolution is rippling throughout the whole of industry.

Low-Power Digital VLSI Design: Circuits and Systems addresses both process technologies and device modeling. Power dissipation in CMOS circuits, several practical circuit examples, and low-power techniques are discussed. Low-voltage issues for digital CMOS and BiCMOS circuits are emphasized. The book also provides an extensive study of advanced CMOS subsystem design. A low-power design methodology is presented with various power minimization techniques at the circuit, logic, architecture and algorithm levels. Features: Low-voltage CMOS device modeling, technology files, design rules Switching activity concept, low-power guidelines to engineering practice Pass-transistor logic families Power dissipation of I/O circuits Multi- and low-VT CMOS logic, static power reduction circuit techniques State of the art design of low-voltage BiCMOS and CMOS circuits Low-power techniques in CMOS SRAMS and DRAMS Low-power on-chip voltage down converter design Numerous advanced CMOS subsystems (e.g. adders, multipliers, data path, memories, regular structures, phase-locked loops) with several design options trading power, delay and area Low-power design methodology, power estimation techniques Power reduction techniques at the logic, architecture and algorithm levels More than 190 circuits explained at the transistor level.

In Thermal and Power Management of Integrated Circuits, power and thermal management issues in integrated circuits during normal operating conditions and stress operating conditions are addressed. Thermal management in VLSI circuits is becoming an integral part of the design, test, and manufacturing. Proper thermal management is the key to achieve high performance, quality and reliability. Performance and reliability of integrated circuits are strong functions of the junction temperature. A small increase in junction temperature may result in significant reduction in the device lifetime.

This book reviews the significance of the junction temperature as a reliability measure under nominal and burn-in conditions. The latest research in the area of electro-thermal modeling of integrated circuits will also be presented. Recent models and associated CAD tools are covered and various techniques at the circuit and system levels are reviewed. Subsequently, the authors provide an insight into the concept of thermal runaway and how it may best be avoided. A section on low temperature operation of integrated circuits concludes the book.

Since the publication of the first edition of this book, advances in algorithms, logic and software tools have transformed the field of data fusion. The latest edition covers these areas as well as smart agents, human computer interaction, cognitive aides to analysis and data system fusion control. Besides aiding you in selecting the appropriate algorithm for implementing a data fusion system, this book guides you through the process of determining the trade-offs among competing data fusion algorithms, selecting commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) tools, and understanding when data fusion improves systems processing. Completely new chapters in this second edition explain data fusion system control, DARPA's recently developed TRIP model, and the latest applications of data fusion in data warehousing and medical equipment, as well as defence systems.

Electronics plays a central role in our everyday lives. It is at the heart of almost all of today's essential technology, from mobile phones to computers and from cars to power stations. As such, all engineers, scientists and technologists need to have a fundamental understanding of this exciting subject, and for many this will just be the beginning. Now in its sixth edition, Electronics: A Systems Approach provides an outstanding introduction to this fast-moving and important field. Comprehensively revised and updated to cover the latest developments in the world of electronics, the text continues to use Neil Storey's established and well-respected systems approach. It introduces the basic concepts first before progressing to a more advanced analysis, enabling you to contextualise what a system is designed to achieve before tackling the intricacies of designing or analysing its various components with confidence. This book is accompanied by a website which contains over 100 video tutorials to help explain key concepts from the book and interactive quizzes to test your knowledge. Log in to www.pearsoned.co.uk/storey-elec to access these valuable resources, or use the QR codes to view the videos.

Understanding and predicting the performance of electromechanical systems is crucially important in the design of many modern products, and today s engineers and researchers are constantly seeking methods for optimizing these complex systems.

This important text/reference highlights a unique combination of numerical tools and strategies for handling the challenges of multiphysics simulation. As multiphysics simulation is a broad and rapidly growing field, requiring an array of technical skills in different intersecting disciplines, this book presents a specific focus on electromechanical systems as the target application.

Topics and features: introduces the concept of design via simulation, along with the role of multiphysics simulation in today s engineering environment; discusses the importance of structural optimization techniques in the design and development of electromechanical systems; provides an overview of the physics commonly involved with electromechanical systems for applications such as electronics, magnetic components, RF components, actuators, and motors; reviews the governing equations for the simulation of related multiphysics problems; outlines relevant (topology and parametric size) optimization methods for electromechanical systems; describes in detail several multiphysics simulation and optimization example studies in both two and three dimensions, with sample numerical code.

Researchers and engineers in industry and academia will find this work to be an invaluable reference on advanced electromechanical system design. The book is also suitable for students at undergraduate and graduate level, and many of the design examples will be of interest to anyone curious about the unique design solutions that arise from the coupling of optimization methods with multiphysics simulation techniques."

This text covers the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop which is devoted to the technical aspects of advanced interconnections and microassembly and also includes papers on the education issues needed to prepare students for work in these areas. The future direction that such technologies may take is also dealt with. The basic issue is that the miniaturization of electronic systems continues, and performance must continue to improve. The newest packages are often based on the selection of an appropriate interconnection method. Advances in chip-scale, chip-flip, and direct chip attachments are described. Although wire bonding currently dominates the market, the consensus is that flip chip interconnection will rapidly increase its market share. Tape automated bonding is also discussed, primarily for special applications. Solder metallurgy and flip chip production technology receive attention in several papers. Solderability, reliability and fatigue of the joints are modelled, and mechanical stresses resulting from temperature cycling are reported. Multichip module and thick-film hybrid substrate interconnections are reported in several papers. These include thick and thin film metals, as well as low temperature polymer inks. Several papers describe diffusion and other metallurgical interactions in thick film surfaces.

Sensors and Sensory Systems for an Electronic Nose reviews the current state of progress in the development of an electronic instrument capable of olfaction. The instrument -- the so-called electronic nose -- has enormous potential for application in such areas as product flavor control and environmental monitoring. The book discusses the essential elements of an electronic nose, such as chemical sensors, signal processing, and pattern recoginiton techniques. It is also one of the first contributions to the new and exciting field of machine olfaction.

Reuse Techniques for VLSI Design is a reflection on the current state of the art in design reuse for microelectronic systems. To that end, it is the first book to garner the input of leading experts from both research and application areas. These experts document herein not only their more mature approaches, but also their latest research results. Firstly, it sets out the background and support from international organisations that enforce System-on-a-Chip (SoC) design by reuse- oriented methodologies. This overview is followed by a number of technical presentations covering different requirements of the reuse domain. These are presented from different points of view, i.e., IP provider, IP user, designer, isolated reuse, intra-company or inter-company reuse. More general systems or case studies, e.g., metrics, are followed by comprehensive reuse systems, e.g., reuse management systems partly including business models. Since design reuse must not be restricted to digital components, mixed- signal and analog reuse approaches are also presented. In parallel to the digital domain, this area covers research in reuse database design. Design verification and legal aspects are two important topics that are closely related to the realization of design reuse. These hot topics are covered by presentations that finalize the survey of outstanding research, development and application of design reuse for SoC design. Reuse Techniques for VLSI Design is an invaluable reference for researchers and engineers involved in VLSI/ASIC design.

Design of Low-Voltage, Low-Power CMOS Operational Amplifier Cells describes the theory and design of the circuit elements that are required to realize a low-voltage, low-power operational amplifier. These elements include constant-gm rail-to-rail input stages, class-AB rail-to-rail output stages and frequency compensation methods. Several examples of each of these circuit elements are investigated. Furthermore, the book illustrates several silicon realizations, giving their measurement results. The text focuses on compact low-voltage low-power operational amplifiers with good performance. Six simple high-performance class-AB amplifiers are realized using a very compact topology making them particularly suitable for use as VLSI library cells. All of the designs can use a supply voltage as low as 3V. One of the amplifier designs dissipates only 50uW with a unity gain frequency of 1.5 MHz. A second set of amplifiers run on a supply voltage slightly above 1V. The amplifiers combine a low power consumption with a gain of 120 dB. In addition, the design of three fully differential operational amplifiers is addressed. Design of Low-Voltage, Low-Power CMOS Operational Amplifier Cells is intended for professional designers of analog circuits. It is also suitable for use as a text book for an advanced course in CMOS operational amplifier design."

The fourth and last edition of this book was published in 1967. Although it has been out of print for many years it is still considered the "Bible" of contact theory and is referred to in almost every scientific paper dealing with electric contacts. This classic book serves as a basis for understanding of contacts and their use in technology. It contains fundamental theory, critical information and a richness of details including a pertinent literature list. A chapter is devoted to the tunnel effect, several chapters treat such friction and wear phenomena which are closely connected with the theory of electric contacts. Subjects covered include tarnishing of contact material, fritting of tarnish films in contacts, material transfer in switches and commutation, and the theory of thermal contacts.

This book describes the life cycle process of IP cores, from specification to production, including IP modeling, verification, optimization, and protection. Various trade-offs in the design process are discussed, including those associated with many of the most common memory cores, controller IPs and system-on-chip (SoC) buses. Readers will also benefit from the author's practical coverage of new verification methodologies. such as bug localization, UVM, and scan-chain. A SoC case study is presented to compare traditional verification with the new verification methodologies. Discusses the entire life cycle process of IP cores, from specification to production, including IP modeling, verification, optimization, and protection; Introduce a deep introduction for Verilog for both implementation and verification point of view. Demonstrates how to use IP in applications such as memory controllers and SoC buses. Describes a new verification methodology called bug localization; Presents a novel scan-chain methodology for RTL debugging; Enables readers to employ UVM methodology in straightforward, practical terms.

Robust Speech Recognition in Embedded Systems and PC Applications provides a link between the technology and the application worlds. As speech recognition technology is now good enough for a number of applications and the core technology is well established around hidden Markov models many of the differences between systems found in the field are related to implementation variants. We distinguish between embedded systems and PC-based applications. Embedded applications are usually cost sensitive and require very simple and optimized methods to be viable. Robust Speech Recognition in Embedded Systems and PC Applications reviews the problems of robust speech recognition, summarizes the current state of the art of robust speech recognition while providing some perspectives, and goes over the complementary technologies that are necessary to build an application, such as dialog and user interface technologies. Robust Speech Recognition in Embedded Systems and PC Applications is divided into five chapters. The first one reviews the main difficulties encountered in automatic speech recognition when the type of communication is unknown. The second chapter focuses on environment-independent/adaptive speech recognition approaches and on the mainstream methods applicable to noise robust speech recognition. The third chapter discusses several critical technologies that contribute to making an application usable. It also provides some design recommendations on how to design prompts, generate user feedback and develop speech user interfaces. The fourth chapter reviews several techniques that are particularly useful for embedded systems or to decrease computational complexity. It also presents some case studies for embedded applications and PC-based systems. Finally, the fifth chapter provides a future outlook for robust speech recognition, emphasizing the areas that the author sees as the most promising for the future. Robust Speech Recognition in Embedded Systems and PC Applications serves as a valuable reference and although not intended as a formal University textbook, contains some material that can be used for a course at the graduate or undergraduate level. It is a good complement for the book entitled Robustness in Automatic Speech Recognition: Fundamentals and Applications co-authored by the same author.