Progress in optical fiber sensors The field of optical fiber sensor technology is one that continues to expand and develop at a rate that could barely have been predicted a few years ago. The wealth of publications appearing in the technical literature and the burgeoning number of papers presented at the now well-established series of national and international conferences, which are attended by a wide selection of technically qualified optoelectronics professionals, gives a clear indication of both the range and scale of the devices and applications now seen in the subject. Such a rapid expansion makes it very difficult for the scientist and engineer, under pressure to be both informed and effective for an employer, to attend all these meetings, selectively read the appropriate literature and be able quickly to gain the knowledge in those specific areas which will give the best advantage for the work in hand. To that end, this volume has been planned and carefully designed to provide an essential overview, and detailed specific information, on those novel and exciting aspects of optical fiber sensor technology that have recently emerged, with particular focus on the devices and the exciting applications of this part of optoelectronic technology in the vast international measurement and instrumentation area.

This book provides a comprehensive description of microsensors for mechanical quantities (flow, pressure, force, inertia) fabricated by silicon micromachining. Since the design of such sensors requires interdisciplinary teamwork, the presentation is made accessible to engineers trained in electrical and mechanical engineering, physics and chemistry. The reader is guided through the micromachining fabrication process. A chapter on microsensor packaging completes the discussion of technological problems. The description of the basic physics required for sensor design includes the mechanics of deformation and the piezoresistive transduction to electrical signals. There is also a comprehensive discussion of resonant sensors, the hydrodynamics and heat transfer relevant for flow sensors, and, finally, electronic interfacing and readout circuitry. Numerous up-to-date case studies are presented, together with the working, fabrication and design of the sensors.

Foldable Flex and Thinned Silicon Multichip Packaging Technology presents newly emerging methods used to make stacked chip packages in the so-called 2-1/2 D technology (3-D in physical format, but interconnected only through the circuits on folded flex). It is also being used in single chip packages where the thinness of the chips and the flex substrate made packages significantly thinner than through any other means.

Design of Multi-Bit Delta-Sigma A/D Converters discusses both architecture and circuit design aspects of Delta-Sigma A/D converters, with a special focus on multi-bit implementations. The emphasis is on high-speed high-resolution converters in CMOS for ADSL applications, although the material can also be applied for other specification goals and technologies. Design of Multi-Bit Delta-Sigma A/D Converters starts with a general introduction of the concepts of Delta-Sigma converters. A wide variety of architectures are discussed, ranging from single-loop to cascaded and various multi-bit topologies. These topologies are optimized to obtain stable converters with a high accuracy. A clear overview is provided of the maximum achievable performance of each topology, which allows a designer to select the optimal architecture for a certain specification. Special attention is paid to multi-bit architectures and possible solutions for the linearity problem of the DA converter in the feedback loop of converters. Several circuit design aspects of multi-bit Delta-Sigma converters are discussed. Various models are provided for a wide range of linear and non-linear circuit imperfections, which can degrade the performance of the converter. These models allow the designer to determine the required specifications for the different building blocks and form the basis of a systematic design procedure. The presented material is combined in a concluding chapter, which illustrates the systematic design procedure for two high-performance converters. Design of Multi-Bit Delta-Sigma A/D Converters provides a clear comparison of architectures and yields insight into the influence of the most important circuit non-idealities. It will allow you to design robust and high-performance Delta-Sigma AD converters in a shorter time. It is essential reading for analog design engineers and researchers in the field of AD converters and it is also suitable as a text for an advanced course on the subject.

The fourth international conference on Scientific Computing in Electrical En- gineering (SCEE) was held at the Eindhoven University of Technology, from 23rd to 28th June, 2002. It was sponsored by Philips Research Laborato- ries Eindhoven, the Eindhoven University of Technology, Computer Simula- tion Technology (CST) from Darmstadt, ABB Corporate Research, Thales Netherlands,the European Consortium for Mathematics in Industry (ECMI), the University of Rostock (organiser of SCEE-2000), the European network for Mathematics, Computing and Simulation for Industry (MACSI-net), the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), and the Scien- tific Computing Group of the Eindhoven University of Technology. The Program Committee consisted of: Dr. Alain Bossavit, Electricite de France, Clamart, France. Dr. Uwe Feldmann, Infineon Technologies A.G., Munich, Germany. Prof.Dr. Leszek Demkowicz, University of Texas at Austin, USA. Dr. Michael Gunther, Universitat Karlsruhe, Germany. Prof.Dr. Ulrich Langer, Johannes Kepler Universitat, Linz, Austria. Dr. Jan ter Maten,Philips Research Laboratories Eindhoven, The Nether- lands. Prof.Dr. Ursula van Rienen, Universitat Rostock, Germany. Prof.Dr. Jaijeet Roychowdhury, University of Minnesota, USA. - Prof.Dr. Wil Schilders, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven and Philips Research Laboratories Eindhoven, The Netherlands. - Prof.Dr. Thomas Weiland, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Germany.

Ad-Hoc Networking Towards Seamless Communications is dedicated to an area that attracts growing interest in academia and industry and concentrates on wireless ad hoc networking paradigm. The persistent efforts to acquire the ability to establish dynamic wireless connections from anywhere to anyone with any device without prerequisite imbedded infrastructure move the communications boundaries towards ad-hoc networks. Recently, ad hoc networking has attracted growing interest due to advances in wireless communications, and developed framework for running IP based protocols. The expected degree of penetration of these networks will depend on the successful resolution of the key features. Ad-hoc networks pose many complex and open problems for researchers.

Everyone is familiar with the amazing performance of a modern laptop, powered by more than a billion nanotransistors, each having an active region that is barely a few hundred atoms long.

These lectures, however, are about a less-appreciated by-product of the microelectronics revolution, namely the deeper understanding of current flow, energy exchange and device operation that it has enabled, which forms the basis for what we call the bottom-up approach.

The book assumes very little background beyond linear algebra and differential equations, and is intended to be accessible to anyone in any branch of science or engineering.

These lectures represent our attempt to make these lessons broadly accessible to those who are not experts in device physics or transport theory, and would like to keep it that way. At the same time, we hope the experts too will enjoy taking a fresh new look at their favorite subject, emphasizing fundamental insights of general validity.

In Finite Element Analysis of Electrical Machines the author covers two-dimensional analysis, emphasizing the use of finite elements to perform the most common calculations required of machine designers and analysts. The book explains what is inside a finite element program, and how the finite element method can be used to determine the behavior of electrical machines. The material is tutorial and includes several completely worked out examples. The main illustrative examples are synchronous and induction machines. The methods described have been used successfully in the design and analysis of most types of rotating and linear machines. Audience: A valuable reference source for academic researchers, practitioners and designers of electrical machinery.

Frequency Assignment and Network Planning for Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Systems focuses on Digital Audio Broadcasting and Digital Video Broadcasting. The author provides a concise introduction to the subject and presents principles, concepts and commonly accepted methods used in the planning process.
The frequency assignment material focuses on allotment planning while network planning is dealt with mainly from a network optimization perspective. All methods introduced and mathematical tools presented are fully explained. General concepts are illustrated with the help of several planning scenarios both for frequency assignment and network planning.
Frequency assignment and network planning are vital issues throughout most of Europe and North America as a direct consequence of the increasing demand for digital communication systems.

This book presents recent research on damage mechanics with finite elements. Particular emphasis is laid on programming the finite element method to incorporate applications of damage mechanics. This textbook for graduates and researchers in civil, mechanical, aerospace engineering and materials science deals with the practical applications of damage mechanics, which have not appeared before in the literature. The book contains research on the separation of voids and cracks in continuum damage mechanics. An educational version of a finite element program for damage mechanics is included on a CD-ROM.

As MOS devices are scaled to meet increasingly demanding circuit specifications, process variations have a greater effect on the reliability of circuit performance. For this reason, statistical techniques are required to design integrated circuits with maximum yield. Statistical Modeling for Computer-Aided Design of MOS VLSI Circuits describes a statistical circuit simulation and optimization environment for VLSI circuit designers. The first step toward accomplishing statistical circuit design and optimization is the development of an accurate CAD tool capable of performing statistical simulation. This tool must be based on a statistical model which comprehends the effect of device and circuit characteristics, such as device size, bias, and circuit layout, which are under the control of the circuit designer on the variability of circuit performance. The distinctive feature of the CAD tool described in this book is its ability to accurately model and simulate the effect in both intra- and inter-die process variability on analog/digital circuits, accounting for the effects of the aforementioned device and circuit characteristics. Statistical Modeling for Computer-Aided Design of MOS VLSI Circuits serves as an excellent reference for those working in the field, and may be used as the text for an advanced course on the subject.

The book presents a new, powerful model of neuronal networks, consisting of a three-dimensional neuronal culture in which 3D neuronal networks are coupled to micro-electrode-arrays (MEAs). It discusses the main advantages of the three-dimensional system compared to its two-dimensional counterpart, and shows that the network dynamics, recorded during both spontaneous and stimulated activity, differs between the two models, with the 3D system being better able to emulate the in vivo behaviour of neural networks. The book offers an extensive analysis of the system, from the theoretical background, to its design and applications in neuro-pharmacological studies. Moreover, it includes a concise yet comprehensive introduction to both 2D and 3D neuronal networks coupled to MEAs, and discusses the advantages, limitations and challenges of their applications as cellular and tissue-like in vitro experimental model systems.

While there are many excellent books available on fundamental and applied electromagnetics, most introduce operator concepts in an ad hoc manner, and few discuss the subject within the general framework of operator theory. This is in contrast to quantum theory, where the use of operators and concepts from functional analysis is common. However, casting electromagnetic problems in terms of operator theory produces useful insights into the mathematical properties and physical characteristics of solutions. For instance, the commonly used modal expansion of fields in waveguides are immediately justified upon identifying the differential operators as being of the appropriate Sturm-Liouville type. As another example, existence, uniqueness and solvability of integral formulations can often be settled by appealing to the theory of Fredholm operators. Many other examples that illustrate the value of abstracting problems to an operator level are provided. Although the book focuses on mathematical fundamentals, it is written from the perspective of engineers and applied scientists working in electromagnetics. The book begins with a review of electromagnetic theory, including a discussion of singular integral operators commonly encountered in applications. It then turns to a self-contained introduction to operator theory, including basic functional analysis, linear operators, Green¿s functions and Green¿s operators, spectral theory, and Sturm-Liouville operators. The discussion is at an introductory mathematical level, presenting definitions and theorems, as well as proofs of the theorems when these are particularly simple or enlightening. The tools developed in this first part of the book are then applied to problems in classical electromagnetic theory: boundary-value problems and potential theory, transmission lines, waves in layered media, scattering problems in waveguides, and electromagnetic cavities.

This volume, the proceedings of a 1998 international workshop, provides experimental evidence of the effects of correlation on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of materials, as well as the theoretical/computational methodology that has been developed for their study.

Technology of Quantum Devices offers a multi-disciplinary overview of solid state physics, photonics and semiconductor growth and fabrication.

Readers will find up-to-date coverage of compound semiconductors, crystal growth techniques, silicon and compound semiconductor device technology, in addition to intersubband and semiconductor lasers. Recent findings in quantum tunneling transport, quantum well intersubband photodetectors (QWIP) and quantum dot photodetectors (QWDIP) are described, along with a thorough set of sample problems.

This handbook on power systems consists of a set of 4 volumes. These books are carefully planned and designed to provide the state of art material on major aspects of electrical power systems, short-circuit currents, load flow, harmonics and protective relaying. Many aspects of power systems are transparent between different types of studies and analyses; knowledge of short-circuit currents and symmetrical component is required for protective relaying, and fundamental frequency load flow is required for harmonic analysis. Currently, power systems, large or small, are analyzed on digital computers with appropriate software. However, it is necessary to understand the theory and basis of these calculations to debug and decipher the results. The material is organized with sound theoretical base, practical applications, and case studies based on the author's 45+ years of experience with real world problems.

Modern high-capacity communication systems require filters with simultaneous good amplitude and phase responses. Selective Linear-Phase Switched-Capacitor and Digital Filters is the first coherent treatment of selective linear-phase switched-capacitor filters written by a leading international authority on the subject. Digital realizations of the same characteristics are also treated. In both cases, emphasis is laid on optimal low-sensitivity structures, a highly desirable attribute from the practical view-point. With the increasing interest in high-frequency switched-capacitor filters, the range of operation reaches a point where the phase response becomes a major design consideration, thus heightening the importance of this book. Selective Linear-Phase Switched-Capacitor and Digital Filters is an invaluable reference for electronic circuit design engineers and researchers as well as graduate students, and may be used as a text for an advanced course on the subject.

Engineers have long been fascinated by how efficient and how fast biological neural networks are capable of performing such complex tasks as recognition. Such networks are capable of recognizing input data from any of the five senses with the necessary accuracy and speed to allow living creatures to survive. Machines which perform such complex tasks as recognition, with similar ac curacy and speed, were difficult to implement until the technological advances of VLSI circuits and systems in the late 1980's. Since then, the field of VLSI Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have witnessed an exponential growth and a new engineering discipline was born. Today, many engineering curriculums have included a course or more on the subject at the graduate or senior under graduate levels. Since the pioneering book by Carver Mead; "Analog VLSI and Neural Sys tems," Addison-Wesley, 1989; there were a number of excellent text and ref erence books on the subject, each dealing with one or two topics. This book attempts to present an integrated approach of a single research team to VLSI ANNs Engineering."

The recent interest in artificial neural networks has motivated the publication of numerous books, including selections of research papers and textbooks presenting the most popular neural architectures and learning schemes. Artificial Neural Networks: Learning Algorithms, Performance Evaluation, and Applications presents recent developments which can have a very significant impact on neural network research, in addition to the selective review of the existing vast literature on artificial neural networks. This book can be read in different ways, depending on the background, the specialization, and the ultimate goals of the reader. A specialist will find in this book well-defined and easily reproducible algorithms, along with the performance evaluation of various neural network architectures and training schemes. Artificial Neural Networks can also help a beginner interested in the development of neural network systems to build the necessary background in an organized and comprehensive way. The presentation of the material in this book is based on the belief that the successful application of neural networks to real-world problems depends strongly on the knowledge of their learning properties and performance. Neural networks are introduced as trainable devices which have the unique ability to generalize. The pioneering work on neural networks which appeared during the past decades is presented, together with the current developments in the field, through a comprehensive and unified review of the most popular neural network architectures and learning schemes. Efficient LEarning Algorithms for Neural NEtworks (ELEANNE), which can achieve much faster convergence than existing learningalgorithms, are among the recent developments explored in this book. A new generalized criterion for the training of neural networks is presented, which leads to a variety of fast learning algorithms. Finally, Artificial Neural Networks presents the development of learning algorithms which determine the minimal architecture of multi-layered neural networks while performing their training. Artificial Neural Networks is a valuable source of information to all researchers and engineers interested in neural networks. The book may also be used as a text for an advanced course on the subject.

Benefiting from Thermal and Mechanical Simulation in Micro-Electronics presents papers from the first international conference on this topic, EuroSimE2000. For the first time, people from the electronics industry, research institutes, software companies and universities joined together to discuss present and possible future thermal and mechanical related problems and challenges in micro-electronics; the state-of-the-art methodologies for thermal & mechanical simulation and optimization of micro-electronics; and the perspectives of future simulation and optimization methodology development. Main areas covered are:- The impact of simulation on industry profitability Approaches to simulation The state-of-the-art methodologies of simulation Design optimization by simulation GBP/LISTGBP Benefiting from Thermal and Mechanical Simulation in Micro-Electronics is suitable for students at graduate level and beyond, and for researchers, designers and specialists in the fields of microelectronics and mechanics.

The volume contains 94 best selected research papers presented at the Third International Conference on Micro Electronics, Electromagnetics and Telecommunications (ICMEET 2017) The conference was held during 09-10, September, 2017 at Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BVRIT Hyderabad College of Engineering for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The volume includes original and application based research papers on microelectronics, electromagnetics, telecommunications, wireless communications, signal/speech/video processing and embedded systems.

The main aim of this book is to give an overview of MEMS mechanical transducers. The text focuses mainly on examples of commercial and research devices; however, attention is also given to manufacturing techniques and materials, as well as the basic principles behind the operation of these devices.

Even as we enter the nanotechnology era, we are now encountering the 50th anniversary of the invention of the IC. Will silicon continue to be the pre-eminent material and will MooreTM s Law continue unabated, albeit in a broader economic venue, in the nanotechnology era? This monograph addresses these issues by a re-examination of the scientific and technological foundations of the micro-electronics era. By better assessing and understanding the past five decades of this era, it is proposed that a firmer foundation can be laid for the research that will ensue and possibly provide a glimpse of what is next to come in the nanotechnology era."

Sliding Mode Control of Switching Power Converters: Techniques and Implementation is perhaps the first in-depth account of how sliding mode controllers can be practically engineered to optimize control of power converters. A complete understanding of this process is timely and necessary, as the electronics industry moves toward the use of renewable energy sources and widely varying loads that can be adequately supported only by power converters using nonlinear controllers. Of the various advanced control methods used to handle the complex requirements of power conversion systems, sliding mode control (SMC) has been most widely investigated and proved to be a more feasible alternative than fuzzy and adaptive control for existing and future power converters. Bridging the gap between power electronics and control theory, this book employs a top-down instructional approach to discuss traditional and modern SMC techniques. Covering everything from equations to analog implantation, it: Provides a comprehensive general overview of SMC principles and methods Offers advanced readers a systematic exposition of the mathematical machineries and design principles relevant to construction of SMC, then introduces newer approaches Demonstrates the practical implementation and supporting design rules of SMC, based on analog circuits Promotes an appreciation of general nonlinear control by presenting it from a practical perspective and using familiar engineering terminology With specialized coverage of modeling and implementation that is useful to students and professionals in electrical and electronic engineering, this book clarifies SMC principles and their application to power converters. Making the material equally accessible to all readers, whether their background is in analog circuit design, power electronics, or control engineering, the authors-experienced researchers in their own right-elegantly and practically relate theory, application, and mathematical concepts and models to corresponding industrial targets.

CMOS Data Converters for Communications distinguishes itself from other data converter books by emphasizing system-related aspects of the design and frequency-domain measures. It explains in detail how to derive data converter requirements for a given communication system (baseband, passband, and multi-carrier systems). The authors also review CMOS data converter architectures and discuss their suitability for communications. The rest of the book is dedicated to high-performance CMOS data converter architecture and circuit design. Pipelined ADCs, parallel ADCs with an improved passive sampling technique, and oversampling ADCs are the focus for ADC architectures, while current-steering DAC modeling and implementation are the focus for DAC architectures. The principles of the switched-current and the switched-capacitor techniques are reviewed and their applications to crucial functional blocks such as multiplying DACs and integrators are detailed. The book outlines the design of the basic building blocks such as operational amplifiers, comparators, and reference generators with emphasis on the practical aspects. To operate analog circuits at a reduced supply voltage, special circuit techniques are needed. Low-voltage techniques are also discussed in this book. CMOS Data Converters for Communications can be used as a reference book by analog circuit designers to understand the data converter requirements for communication applications. It can also be used by telecommunication system designers to understand the difficulties of certain performance requirements on data converters. It is also an excellent resource to prepare analog students for the new challenges ahead.