This book provides a new, more accurate and efficient way for design engineers to understand electromagnetic theory and practice as it relates to the shielding of electrical and electronic equipment. The author starts by defining an electromagnetic wave, and goes on to explain the shielding of electromagnetic waves using the basic laws of physics. This is a new approach for the understanding of EMI shielding of barriers, apertures and seams. It provides a reliable, systematic approach that is easily understood by design engineers for the purpose of packaging the electrical and electronic systems of the future. This book covers both theory and practical application, emphasizing the use of transfer impedance to explain fully the penetration of an electromagnetic wave through an EMI gasketed seam. Accurate methods of testing shielding components such as EMI gaskets, shielded cables and connectors, shielded air vent materials, conductive glass and conductive paint are also covered. Describes in detail why the currently accepted theory of shielding needs improvement. Discusses the penetration of an electromagnetic wave through shielding barrier materials and electromagnetic interference (EMI) gasketed seams. Emphasizes the use of transfer impedance to explain the penetration of an electromagnetic wave through an EMI gasketed seam. The definition of an electromagnetic wave and how it is generated is included. Chapter in the book are included that reinforce the presented theory.

Design and Modeling of Millimeter-wave CMOS Circuits for Wireless Transceivers describes in detail some of the interesting developments in CMOS millimetre-wave circuit design. This includes the re-emergence of the slow-wave technique used on passive devices, the license-free 60GHz band circuit blocks and a 76GHz voltage-controlled oscillator suitable for vehicular radar applications.

All circuit solutions described are suitable for digital CMOS technology. Digital CMOS technology developments driven by Moorea (TM)s law make it an inevitable solution for low cost and high volume products in the marketplace. Explosion of the consumer wireless applications further makes this subject a hot topic of the day.

The book begins with a brief history of millimetre-wave research and how the silicon transistor is born. Originally meant for different purposes, the two technologies converged and found its way into advanced chip designs. The second part of the book describes the most important passive devices used in millimetre-wave CMOS circuits. Part three uses these passive devices and builds circuit blocks for the wireless transceiver. The book completes with a comprehensive list of references for further readings.

Design and Modeling of Millimeter-wave CMOS Circuits for Wireless Transceivers is useful to show the analogue IC designer the issues involved in making the leap to millimetre-wave circuit designs. The graduate student and researcher can also use it as a starting point to understand the subject or proceed to innovative from the works described herein.

Electronics are used in a wide range of applications including computing, communication, biomedical, automotive, military and aerospace. They must operate in varying temperature and humidity environments including indoor controlled conditions and outdoor climate changes. Moisture, ionic contamination, heat, radiation and mechanical stresses are all highly detrimental to electronic devices and can lead to device failures. Therefore, it is essential that the electronic devices be packaged for protection from their intended environments, as well as to provide handling, assembly, electrical and thermal considerations.
Currently, more than 99% of microelectronic devices are plastic encapsulated. Improvements in encapsulant materials, and cost incentives have stretched the application boundaries for plastic electronic packages. Many electronic applications that traditionally used hermetic packages such as military are now using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) plastic packages. Plastic encapsulation has the advantages of low cost, smaller form factors, and improved manufacturability.
With recent trends in environmental awareness, new environmentally friendly or ' green' encapsulant materials (i.e. without brominated additives) have emerged. Plastic packages are also being considered for use in extreme high and low temperature electronics. 3-D packaging and wafer-level-packaging (WLP) require unique encapsulation techniques. Encapsulant materials are also being developed for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), bio-MEMS, bio-electronics, and organic light-emitting diodes (O-LEDs).
This book offers a comprehensive discussion of encapsulants in electronic applications. The main emphasis is on the encapsulation of microelectronic devices; however, the encapsulation of connectors and transformers is also addressed. This book discusses 2-D and 3-D packaging and encapsulation, encapsulation materials including environmentally friendly 'green' encapsulants, and the properties and characterization of encapsulants. Furthermore, this book provides an extensive discussion on defects and failures related to encapsulation, how to analyze such defects and failures, and how to apply quality assurance and qualification process for encapsulated packages. This book also provides information on the trends and challenges of encapsulation and microelectronic packages including application of nanotechnology.
Guidance on the selection and use of encapsulants in the electronics industry, with a particular focus on microelectronics
Coverage of environmentally friendly 'green encapsulants'
Practical coverage of faults and defects: how to analyze them and how to avoid them"

Since its commercialization in 1971, the microprocessor, a modern and integrated form of the central processing unit, has continuously broken records in terms of its integrated functions, computing power, low costs and energy saving status. Today, it is present in almost all electronic devices. Sound knowledge of its internal mechanisms and programming is essential for electronics and computer engineers to understand and master computer operations and advanced programming concepts. This book in five volumes focuses more particularly on the first two generations of microprocessors, those that handle 4- and 8- bit integers. Microprocessor 1 - the first of five volumes - presents the computation function, recalls the memory function and clarifies the concepts of computational models and architecture. A comprehensive approach is used, with examples drawn from current and past technologies that illustrate theoretical concepts, making them accessible.

Solder Joint Reliability Prediction for Multiple Environments will provide industry engineers, graduate students and academic researchers, and reliability experts with insights and useful tools for evaluating solder joint reliability of ceramic area array electronic packages under multiple environments. The material presented here is not limited to ceramic area array packages only, it can also be used as a methodology for relating numerical simulations and experimental data into an easy-to-use equation that captures the essential information needed to predict solder joint reliability. Such a methodology is often needed to relate complex information in a simple manner to managers and non-experts in solder joint who work with computer server applications as well as for harsh environments such as those found in the defense, space, and automotive industries.

Strain is used to boost performance of MOSFETs. Modeling of strain effects on transport is an important task of modern simulation tools required for device design. The book covers all relevant modeling approaches used to describe strain in silicon. The subband structure in stressed semiconductor films is investigated in devices using analytical k.p and numerical pseudopotential methods. A rigorous overview of transport modeling in strained devices is given.

All the design and development inspiration and direction an electronics engineer needs in one blockbuster book! John Donovan, Editor-in Chief, Portable Design has selected the very best electronic design material from the Newnes portfolio and has compiled it into this volume. The result is a book covering the gamut of electronic design from design fundamentals to low-power approaches with a strong pragmatic emphasis. In addition to specific design techniques and practices, this book also discusses various approaches to solving electronic design problems and how to successfully apply theory to actual design tasks. The material has been selected for its timelessness as well as for its relevance to contemporary electronic design issues.
Contents:
Chapter 1 System Resource Partitioning and Code Optimization
Chapter 2 Low Power Design Techniques, Design Methodology, and Tools
Chapter 3 System-Level Approach to Energy Conservation
Chapter 4 Radio Communication Basics
Chapter 5 Applications and Technologies
Chapter 6 RF Design Tools
Chapter 7 On Memory Systems and Their Design
Chapter 8 Storage in Mobile Consumer Electronics Devices
Chapter 9 Analog Low-Pass Filters
Chapter 10 Class A Amplifiers
Chapter 11 MPEG-4 and H.264
Chapter 12 Liquid Crystal Displays
*Hand-picked content selected by John Donovan, Editor-in Chief, Portable Design
*Proven best design practices for low-power, storage, and streamlined development
*Case histories and design examples get you off and running on your current project

All the design and development inspiration and direction a harware engineer needs in one blockbuster book! Clive "Max" Maxfield renowned author, columnist, and editor of PL DesignLine has selected the very best FPGA design material from the Newnes portfolio and has compiled it into this volume. The result is a book covering the gamut of FPGA design from design fundamentals to optimized layout techniques with a strong pragmatic emphasis. In addition to specific design techniques and practices, this book also discusses various approaches to solving FPGA design problems and how to successfully apply theory to actual design tasks. The material has been selected for its timelessness as well as for its relevance to contemporary FPGA design issues.
Contents
Chapter 1 Alternative FPGA Architectures
Chapter 2 Design Techniques, Rules, and Guidelines
Chapter 3 A VHDL Primer: The Essentials
Chapter 4 Modeling Memories
Chapter 5 Introduction to Synchronous State Machine Design and Analysis
Chapter 6 Embedded Processors
Chapter 7 Digital Signal Processing
Chapter 8 Basics of Embedded Audio Processing
Chapter 9 Basics of Embedded Video and Image Processing
Chapter 10 Programming Streaming FPGA Applications Using Block Diagrams In Simulink
Chapter 11 Ladder and functional block programming
Chapter 12 Timers
*Hand-picked content selected by Clive "Max" Maxfield, character, luminary, columnist, and author
*Proven best design practices for FPGA development, verification, and low-power
*Case histories and design examples get you off and running on your current project

This book explores the microsensing technologies and systems now available to monitor the quality of air and water within the urban environment and examines their role in the creation of sustainable cities against the background of the challenges posed by rapid urbanization. The opening section addresses the theoretical and conceptual background of microsensing networks. The coverage includes detailed description of microsensors, supported by design-specific equations, and clear explanation of the ways in which devices that harvest energy from ambient sources can detect and quantify pollution. The practical application of such systems in addressing environmental impacts within cities and in sustainable urban planning is then discussed with the aid of case studies in developing countries. The book will be of interest to all who wish to understand the benefits of microsensing networks in promoting sustainable cities through better delivery of information on health hazards and improved provision of data to environmental agencies and regulatory bodies in order to assist in monitoring, decision-making, and regulatory enforcement.

This book is a comprehensive and intensive book for graduate students in fluid dynamics as well as scientists, engineers and applied mathematicians. Offering a systematic introduction to the physical theory of vortical flows at graduate level, it considers the theory of vortical flows as a branch of fluid dynamics focusing on shearing process in fluid motion, measured by vorticity. It studies vortical flows according to their natural evolution stages,from being generated to dissipated. As preparation, the first three chapters of the book provide background knowledge for entering vortical flows. The rest of the book deals with vortices and vortical flows, following their natural evolution stages. Of various vortices the primary form is layer-like vortices or shear layers, and secondary but stronger form is axial vortices mainly formed by the rolling up of shear layers. Problems are given at the end of each chapter and Appendix, some for helping understanding the basic theories, and some involving specific applications; but the emphasis of both is always on physical thinking.

This book describes a robust, low-cost electrochemical sensing system that is able to detect hormones and phthalates - the most ubiquitous endocrine disruptor compounds - in beverages and is sufficiently flexible to be readily coupled with any existing chemical or biochemical sensing system. A novel type of silicon substrate-based smart interdigital transducer, developed using MEMS semiconductor fabrication technology, is employed in conjunction with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to allow real-time detection and analysis. Furthermore, the presented interdigital capacitive sensor design offers a sufficient penetration depth of the fringing electric field to permit bulk sample testing. The authors address all aspects of the development of the system and fully explain its benefits. The book will be of wide interest to engineers, scientists, and researchers working in the fields of physical electrochemistry and biochemistry at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and research levels. It will also be highly relevant for practitioners and researchers involved in the development of electromagnetic sensors.

A four year Electrical and Electronic engineering curriculum normally contains two modules of electromagnetic field theories during the first two years. However, some curricula do not have enough slots to accommodate the two modules. This book, Electromagnetic Field Theories, is designed for Electrical and Electronic engineering undergraduate students to provide fundamental knowledge of electromagnetic fields and waves in a structured manner. A comprehensive fundamental knowledge of electric and magnetic fields is required to understand the working principles of generators, motors and transformers. This knowledge is also necessary to analyze transmission lines, substations, insulator flashover mechanism, transient phenomena, etc. Recently, academics and researches are working for sending electrical power to a remote area by designing a suitable antenna. In this case, the knowledge of electromagnetic fields is considered as important tool.

Nonsmooth Modeling and Simulation for Switched Circuits concerns the modeling and the numerical simulation of switched circuits with the nonsmooth dynamical systems (NSDS) approach, using piecewise-linear and multivalued models of electronic devices like diodes, transistors, switches. Numerous examples (ranging from introductory academic circuits to various types of power converters) are analyzed and many simulation results obtained with the INRIA open-source SICONOS software package are presented. Comparisons with SPICE and hybrid methods demonstrate the power of the NSDS approach. Nonsmooth Modeling and Simulation for Switched Circuits is intended to researchers and engineers in the field of circuits simulation and design, but may also attract applied mathematicians interested by the numerical analysis for nonsmooth dynamical systems, as well as researchers from Systems and Control.

This new volume focuses on a new, exciting field of research: Spintronics, the area also known as spin-based electronics. The ultimate aim of researchers in this area is to develop new devices that exploit the spin of an electron instead of, or in addition to, its electronic charge.
In recent years many groups worldwide have devoted huge efforts to research of spintronic materials, from their technology through characterization to modeling. The resultant explosion of papers in this field and the solid scientific results achieved justify the publication of this volume. Its goal is to summarize the current level of understanding and to highlight some key results and milestones that have been achieved to date.
Semiconductor spintronics is expected to lead to a new generation of transistors, lasers and integrated magnetic sensors that can be used to create ultra-low power, high-speed memory, logic and photonic devices. In addition, development of novel devices such as spin-polarized light emitters, spin field effect transistors, integrated sensors and high-temperature electronics is anticipated.
* Spintronics has emerged as one of the fastest growing areas of research
* This text presents an in-depth examination of the most recent technological spintronic developments
* Includes contributions from leading scholars and industry experts

This book provides a comprehensive overview of key technologies being used to address challenges raised by continued device scaling and the extending gap between memory and central processing unit performance. Authors discuss in detail what are known commonly as "More than Moore" (MtM), technologies, which add value to devices by incorporating functionalities that do not necessarily scale according to "Moore's Law". Coverage focuses on three key technologies needed for efficient power management and cost per performance: novel memories, 3D integration and photonic on-chip interconnect.

How to develop innovative architectures based on emerging molecular devices? The simple yet ambitious objective of Molecular Electronics Materials, Devices and Applications is to give the reader the necessary information to understand the challenges and opportunities of this recent field of research. In order to provide a good overview and understanding, the main molecular devices are first presented. A complete set of presentation and discussion of the actual molecular architectures follows. Nevertheless, another goal of Molecular Electronics Materials, Devices and Applications is also to promote a practical approach. As a starting point for future developments, a pragmatic methodology for VHDL-AMS device modelling and circuit design based on experimental data is then proposed. It includes an original fault tolerant memory architecture based on molecular electronics.

Digital video is everywhere! The engineers creating HDTV, mp3 players, and smart phones and their components are in need of essential information at a moment's notice. The Instant Access Series provides all the critical content that a digital video engineer needs in his or her daily work.
This book provides an introduction to video as well as succinct overviews of analog and digital interfaces along with signal processing. This book is filled with images, figures, tables, and easy to find tips and tricks for the engineer that needs material fast to complete projects to deadline.
*Tips and tricks feature that will help engineers get up and running fast and move on to the next issue
*Easily searchable content complete with tabs, chapter table of contents, bulleted lists, and boxed features
*Just the essentials, no need to page through material not needed for the current project

PIC Microcontrollers are present in almost every new electronic application that is released from garage door openers to the iPhone. With the proliferation of this product more and more engineers and engineers-to-be (students) need to understand how to design, develop, and build with them. Martin Bates, best-selling author, has provided a step-by-step guide to programming these microcontrollers (MCUs) with the C programming language.
With no previous knowledge of C necessary to read this book, it is the perfect for entry into this world for engineers who have not worked with PICs, new professionals, students, and hobbyists. As MCUs become more complex C is the most popular language due to its ability to process advanced processes and multitasking. RTOSs, that is a need to know for engineers, is also discussed as more advanced MCUs require timing and organization of programming and implementation of multitasking. The book includes lots of source code, circuit schematics, and hardware block diagrams. Microchip's PICDEM Mechatronics board is used to detail the examples throughout the book.
*Focuses on the C programming language which is by far the most popular for microcontrollers (MCUs)
*Features Proteus VSMg the most complete microcontroller simulator on the market, along with CCS PCM C compiler, both are highly compatible with Microchip tools
*Extensive downloadable content including fully worked examples

Second in the series, Practical Aspects of Embedded System Design using Microcontrollers emphasizes the same philosophy of Learning by Doing and Hands on Approach with the application oriented case studies developed around the PIC16F877 and AT 89S52, today s most popular microcontrollers. Readers with an academic and theoretical understanding of embedded microcontroller systems are introduced to the practical and industry oriented Embedded System design. When kick starting a project in the laboratory a reader will be able to benefit experimenting with the ready made designs and C programs. One can also go about carving a big dream project by treating the designs and programs presented in this book as building blocks. Practical Aspects of Embedded System Design using Microcontrollers is yet another valuable addition and guides the developers to achieve shorter product development times with the use of microcontrollers in the days of increased software complexity.

Going through the text and experimenting with the programs in a laboratory will definitely empower the potential reader, having more or less programming or electronics experience, to build embedded systems using microcontrollers around the home, office, store, etc. Practical Aspects of Embedded System Design using Microcontrollers will serve as a good reference for the academic community as well as industry professionals and overcome the fear of the newbies in this field of immense global importance. "

This textbook explains how to design and develop digital electronic systems using programmable logic devices (PLDs). Totally practical in nature, the book features numerous (quantify when known) case study designs using a variety of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD), for a range of applications from control and instrumentation to semiconductor automatic test equipment.
Key features include:
* Case studies that provide a walk through of the design process, highlighting the trade-offs involved.
* Discussion of real world issues such as choice of device, pin-out, power supply, power supply decoupling, signal integrity- for embedding FPGAs within a PCB based design.
With this book engineers will be able to:
* Use PLD technology to develop digital and mixed signal electronic systems
* Develop PLD based designs using both schematic capture and VHDL synthesis techniques
* Interface a PLD to digital and mixed-signal systems
* Undertake complete design exercises from design concept through to the build and test of PLD based electronic hardware
This book will be ideal for electronic and computer engineering students taking a practical or Lab based course on digital systems development using PLDs and for engineers in industry looking for concrete advice on developing a digital system using a FPGA or CPLD as its core.
*Case studies that provide a walk through of the design process, highlighting the trade-offs involved.
*Discussion of real world issues such as choice of device, pin-out, power supply, power supply decoupling, signal integrity- for embedding FPGAs within a PCB based design.

The main characteristic of Reconfigurable Computing is the presence of hardware that can be reconfigured to implement specific functionality more suitable for specially tailored hardware than on a simple uniprocessor. Reconfigurable computing systems join microprocessors and programmable hardware in order to take advantage of the combined strengths of hardware and software and have been used in applications ranging from embedded systems to high performance computing. Many of the fundamental theories have been identified and used by the Hardware/Software Co-Design research field. Although the same background ideas are shared in both areas, they have different goals and use different approaches.This book is intended as an introduction to the entire range of issues important to reconfigurable computing, using FPGAs as the context, or "computing vehicles" to implement this powerful technology. It will take a reader with a background in the basics of digital design and software programming and provide them with the knowledge needed to be an effective designer or researcher in this rapidly evolving field.
- Treatment of FPGAs as computing vehicles rather than glue-logic or ASIC substitutes
- Views of FPGA programming beyond Verilog/VHDL
- Broad set of case studies demonstrating how to use FPGAs in novel and efficient ways

This book describes techniques for designing complex, discrete-time ADCs with signal-transfer functions that significantly filter interfering signals. The book provides an understanding of theory, issues, and implementation of discrete complex ADCs. The concepts developed in each chapter are further explained by applying them to a target application of ADCs in DTV receivers.

The objective of this work is to present recent advances in the theory of neural control for discrete-time nonlinear systems with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. The results that appear in each chapter include rigorous mathematical analyses, based on the Lyapunov approach, that guarantee its properties; in addition, for each chapter, simulation results are included to verify the successful performance of the corresponding proposed schemes. In order to complete the treatment of these schemes, the final chapter presents experimental results related to their application to a electric three phase induction motor, which show the applicability of such designs. The proposed schemes could be employed for different applications beyond the ones presented in this book.

The book presents solutions for the output trajectory tracking problem of unknown nonlinear systems based on four schemes. For the first one, a direct design method is considered: the well known backstepping method, under the assumption of complete sate measurement; the second one considers an indirect method, solved with the block control and the sliding mode techniques, under the same assumption. For the third scheme, the backstepping technique is reconsidering including a neural observer, and finally the block control and the sliding mode techniques are used again too, with a neural observer. All the proposed schemes are developed in discrete-time. For both mentioned control methods as well as for the neural observer, the on-line training of the respective neural networks is performed by Kalman Filtering.