This major new study of Thomas Aquinas, the most influential philosopher of the Middle Ages, offers a clear and accessible guide to the central project of Aquinas's philosophy--the understanding of human nature. Robert Pasnau sets the philosophy in the context of ancient and modern thought, and argues for groundbreaking proposals for understanding some of the most difficult areas of Aquinas's thought--the relationship of soul to body, the workings of sense and intellect, the will and the passions, and personal identity.

Sixteenth century philosophy was a unique synthesis of several philosophical frameworks, a blend of old and new, including but not limited to Scholasticism, Humanism, Neo-Thomism, Aristotelianism, and Stoicism. Unlike most overviews of this period, The Routledge Companion to Sixteenth Century Philosophy does not simplify this colorful era by applying some traditional dichotomies, such as the misleading line once drawn between scholasticism and humanism. Instead, the Companion closely covers an astonishingly diverse set of topics: philosophical methodologies of the time, the importance of the discovery of the new world, the rise of classical scholarship, trends in logic and logical theory, Nominalism, Averroism, the Jesuits, the Reformation, Neo-stoicism, the soul's immortality, skepticism, the philosophies of language and science and politics, cosmology, the nature of the understanding, causality, ethics, freedom of the will, natural law, the emergence of the individual in society, the nature of wisdom, and the love of god. Throughout, the Companion seeks not to compartmentalize these philosophical matters, but instead to show that close attention paid to their continuity may help reveal both the diversity and the profound coherence of the philosophies that emerged in the sixteenth century. The Companion's 27 chapters are published here for the first time, and written by an international team of scholars, and accessible for both students and researchers.

The Franciscan William of Ockham was an English medieval philosopher, theologian, and political theorist. Ockham is important not only in the history of philosophy and theology, but also in the development of early modern science and of modern notions of property rights and church-state relations. This volume offers a full discussion of all significant aspects of Ockham's thought: logic, philosophy of language, metaphysics and natural philosophy, epistemology, ethics, action theory, political thought and theology. It is the first study of Ockham in any language to make full use of the new critical editions of his works, and to consider recent discoveries concerning his life, education, and influences.

This collection of essays is unparalleled in the depth of its coverage of all facets of Galileo's work. A particular feature of the volume is the treatment of Galileo's relationship with the Church. It will be of particular interest to philosophers, historians of science, cultural historians and those in religious studies. New readers and nonspecialists will find this the most convenient, accessible guide to Galileo available. Advanced students and specialists will find a conspectus of recent developments in the interpretation of Galileo.

'A ripping read ... fascinating, charming, enjoyably unorthodox' Daily Telegraph Was Niccolo Machiavelli really the cynical schemer of legend - or was he a profound ethical thinker, who tried to save the democratic freedom of Renaissance Florence as it was threatened by ruthless dynasties? This revelatory biography shows us a man of fox-like dissimulation: a master of disguise in dangerous times. 'A gripping portrait of a brilliant political thinker, who understood the dangers of authoritarianism and looked for ways to curb them' The New Yorker 'Compelling ... this unconventional biography questions whether the philosopher deserves his reputation as an advocate for tyranny' Julian Baggini, Financial Times

In God, the Flesh, and the Other, the philosopher Emmanuel Falque joins the ongoing debate about the role of theology in phenomenology. An important voice in the second generation of French philosophy's "theological turn," Falque examines philosophically the fathers of the Church and the medieval theologians on the nature of theology and the objects comprising it. Falque works phenomenology itself into the corpus of theology. Theological concepts thus translate into philosophical terms that phenomenology should legitimately question: concepts from contemporary phenomenology such as onto-theology, appearance, reduction, body/flesh, inter-corporeity, the genesis of community, intersubjectivity, and the singularity of the other find penetrating analogues in patristic and medieval thought forged through millennia of Christological and Trinitarian debate, mystical discourses, and speculative reflection. Through Falque's wide-ranging interpretive path, phenomenology finds itself interrogated--and renewed.

Lorenzo Valla (1407-1457) was the most important theorist of the humanist movement. He wrote a major work on Latin style, "On Elegance in the Latin Language," which became a battle-standard in the struggle for the reform of Latin across Europe, and "Dialectical Disputations," a wide-ranging attack on scholastic logic. His most famous work is "On the Donation of Constantine," an oration in which Valla uses new philological methods to attack the authenticity of the most important document justifying the papacy's claims to temporal rule. It appears here in a new translation with introduction and notes by G. W. Bowersock, based on the critical text of Wolfram Setz (1976). This volume also includes a text and translation of the "Constitutum Constantini," commonly known as the "Donation of Constantine."

Diese Abhandlung ist im Marz 1988 geschrieben, im August 1989 und im Sommer 1990 Uberarbeitet worden. Es ergab sich unbeabsichtigt, daB sie im hun- dertsten Todesjahr Gontscharovs herauskommt. Die in ihr gegebene Erklarung von Gontscharovs drittem und letztem Roman, nach eigener Dberzeugung seinem wichtigsten, will keine vollstandige Interpreta- tion geben. Vieles bleibt offen: das Bild der Statue und das Pygmalionmotiv, das eine wohl aus der Goethe-Kritik des Jungen Deutschlands, das andere aus Schiller genommen; das Instinktmotiv, das Fenstermotiv, das Motiv der Dammerung, das aus Gogol entwickelt ist, des Schusses, das es auch in Turgenevs Vater und Sohne gibt. Bestimmte Stilfiguren wie die Reflexion in Dreierformeln, die gewiB eine Analyse wert sind, werden gesehen, aber nicht behandelt. Literarische Beziehun- gen wie die zu Karamzin, Gogol, Lermontov, Byron sind kaum beriihrt; die zu Ossian und Bellini wurden friiher an anderer Stelle behandelt. Die Tiervergleiche verdienen genauere Betrachtung; hier ist nur einer, der Hundevergleich unter- sucht; ein anderer, der Vogelvergleich, gestreift. Manche wichtige Person, wie die Babuschka und Tuschin, mUBte in ihrer allegorischen Form ausfiihrlicher unter- sucht werden, als es hier geschieht. Vieles ist freilich erwahnt, Einiges in Anmer- kungen angedeutet; Manches haben Andere erschopfend untersucht und es wurde deshalb nicht wiederholt. Das Ziel dieser Abhandlung ist ein anderes. Das Feuer der Kritik hat yom ersten Augenblick an Die Schlucht in eine Beleuchtung getaucht, aus der sie sich bisher nicht hat befreien konnen.