This volume discusses methods used in the fields of molecular and cellular biology for detecting and studying cell death, especially in cancer and cancer therapy. Chapters in this book cover topics such as non-destructive, real-time Annexin V apoptosis assay; assessment of the immune response to tumor cell apoptosis and efferocytosis; mass cytometry assessment of cell phenotypes and signaling states in human whole blood; cell cycle analysis of ER stress and autophagy; and simultaneous detection of inflammasome activation and membrane damage during pyroptosis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Apoptosis and Cancer: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource and practical guide for both novice and expert researchers looking into the "meaning of death."

This biography of Dr. Denis Parsons Burkitt, after whom the childhood cancer Burkitt's lymphoma was named, and who was a pioneer of the dietary fiber movement, paints a personal but holistic portrait of both the man and his life's work. Featuring excerpts from Dr. Burkitt's personal diaries, spanning seven decades from his boyhood to just before his passing, and extensive family archives, this book invites readers to follow Burkitt's journey through life and experience his tribulations and successes. Prof. John Cummings was a colleague of Dr. Burkitt and weaves the tale of his life through the lens of family, faith, and science. The journey takes Burkitt from his childhood in Ireland, a country undergoing major social upheaval, through his medical studies in Dublin, to army service in Africa in the midst of WWII and the independence movements that swept the continent in the following years. During his two decades spent in Uganda, working for the Colonial Medical Service, Burkitt made his first major contribution to cancer research - the characterization of Burkitt's lymphoma and its possible viral cause. Following his return to England in 1966, he turned his attention to the cause of 'Western Diseases' especially the role of dietary fibre in the prevention of disease and promotion of health. This earned him even wider international recognition and helped to inspire what is a vital field of research today. The book examines Burkitt's personal views of the world around him, including his experiences as a committed evangelical Christian who had been raised an Irish Protestant, and the challenges, both familial and cultural, that this elicited from and towards him and his scientific work. The lymphoma and later the fibre story propelled Denis into an orbit of worldwide travel, fame and many honours. An engaging speaker but man of great humility, always giving the credit for much of what he did to others, he left a legacy of evidence and ideas for the causes of cancer and prevention of disease from which we all now benefit.

How hype, money, and bias can mislead the public into thinking that many worthless or unproven treatments are effective. Each week, people read about new and exciting cancer drugs. Some of these drugs are truly transformative, offering major improvements in how long patients live or how they feel-but what is often missing from the popular narrative is that, far too often, these new drugs have marginal or minimal benefits. Some are even harmful. In Malignant, hematologist-oncologist Dr. Vinayak K. Prasad writes about the many sobering examples of how patients are too often failed by cancer policy and by how oncology is practiced. Throughout this work, Prasad illuminates deceptive practices which * promote novel cancer therapies long before credible data are available to support such treatment; and * exaggerate the potential benefits of new therapies, many of which cost thousands and in some cases hundreds of thousands of dollars. Prasad then critiques the financial conflicts of interest that pervade the oncology field, the pharmaceutical industry, and the US Food and Drug administration. This is a book about how the actions of human beings-our policies, our standards of evidence, and our drug regulation-incentivize the pursuit of marginal or unproven therapies at lofty and unsustainable prices. Prasad takes us through how cancer trials are conducted, how drugs come to market, and how pricing decisions are made, asking how we can ensure that more cancer drugs deliver both greater benefit and a lower price. Ultimately, Prasad says, * more cancer clinical trials should measure outcomes that actually matter to people with cancer; * patients on those trials should look more like actual global citizens; * we need drug regulators to raise, not perpetually lower, the bar for approval; and * we need unbiased patient advocates and experts. This well-written, opinionated, and engaging book explains what we can do differently to make serious and sustained progress against cancer-and how we can avoid repeating the policy and practice mistakes of the past.

Glioblastoma is the most malignant brain tumor that still remains incurable. It is such a deadly disease that patients do not survive more than a few months after diagnosis. Our understanding of the histopathology and molecular mechanisms of formation of glioblastoma is rapidly advancing so as to provide us clues for devising rational therapeutic strategies for treatment of this malignancy. It is important that we continue to improve our knowledge about the pathogenesis of this devastating disease and explore new areas to find successful therapeutic strategies.

Various approaches such as sophisticated imaging techniques, improved surgical procedures, ground-breaking strategies for radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy are being used for eradicating glioblastoma. Hopefully, this book will be an important source of information on glioblastoma and therefore be highly useful to the students, postdoctoral fellows, principal investigators, and clinicians involved in this field.

The field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is rapidly evolving. Realization that hematopoietic stem cells give rise to the immune compartment has resulted in clinical trials of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with autoimmune diseases. Allogeneic hematopoietic transplants are a form of adoptive immunotherapy resulting in beneficial graft versus tumor effects. Large numbers of hematopoietic cells can be collected with ease. Therefore, a renewable source of cells for ex vivo genetic manipulations is readily available. Multiple trials combining hematopoietic transplants and gene therapy are in progress. One such application is the infusion of allogeneic lymphocytes containing a suicide gene to abort graft versus host disease. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is in reality the clinical and practical application of cellular therapy. Hematopoietic transplant physicians are by design or by practical application evolving into cell and gene therapy specialists. The excitement and enthusiasm in hematopoietic transplantation is that it offers a door to the future. A future not of drugs or titrating poisonous chemotherapy but rather of cellular and gene therapy. 1 ALLOGENEIC PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR HEMATOLOGIC DISEASES Martin Korbling University o/Texas MD. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 INTRODUCTION Circulating hematopoietic stem cells have emerged as an alternative to bone marrow (BM) stem cells for allografting. For many years the reconstitutive potential of circulating stem cells was questioned; peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were even characterized a waste product (1).

This book introduces a variety of advanced machine learning approaches covering the areas of neural networks, fuzzy logic, and hybrid intelligent systems for the determination and diagnosis of cancer. Moreover, the tactical solutions of machine learning have proved its vast range of significance and, provided novel solutions in the medical field for the diagnosis of disease. This book also explores the distinct deep learning approaches that are capable of yielding more accurate outcomes for the diagnosis of cancer. In addition to providing an overview of the emerging machine and deep learning approaches, it also enlightens an insight on how to evaluate the efficiency and appropriateness of such techniques and analysis of cancer data used in the cancer diagnosis. Therefore, this book focuses on the recent advancements in the machine learning and deep learning approaches used in the diagnosis of different types of cancer along with their research challenges and future directions for the targeted audience including scientists, experts, Ph.D. students, postdocs, and anyone interested in the subjects discussed.

This book discusses properties of apoptosis and other cell death modalities in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Its nine chapters discuss modulation of anti-tumor inflammatory and immune responses, effects on the tumor microenvironment, to strategies for improving pro-apoptotic therapies, mechanisms and implications for disease pathogenesis, axl and mer receptor tyrosine kinases, immunogenic apoptotic cell death and anti-cancer immunity and cancer cell death-inducing radiotherapy. This book places the onco-biology of apoptosis in clear and objective perspective through an expertly synthesized series of reviews. Apoptosis in Cancer Pathogenesis and Anti-cancer Therapy is a deft and thorough exploration of cutting-edge research in apoptosis and anti-cancer mechanisms from basic biology to oncology. It highlights a rapidly growing field within cancer research and is essential reading for oncologists, biochemists and advanced graduate students alike.

This detailed book serves as a laboratory manual containing vital protocols and in-depth discussion involving commonly used experimental approaches for the characterization of several aspects of lung tumor biology. Beginning with an extensive section on biomarker detection, the volume continues with chapters on the genetic and molecular characterization of lung cancer biological samples as well as protocols for the generation of research tools and pre-clinical lung cancer models. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Lung Cancer: Methods and Protocols provides a global perspective of research efforts related to lung cancer, while allowing researchers to experimentally probe the different aspects of lung cancer research, including the experimentally relevant tests used in the establishment of lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis, in their laboratories.

Contains key theory and copious clinical material * Subject poorly covered in the existing literature * Focus on work with cancer patients, but insights also applicable to many other serious conditions

Designed for quick, everyday reference, Handbook of Targeted Cancer Therapy and Immunotherapy, 3rd Edition, includes clinical trial results of more than 250 state-of-the-art targeted therapy and immunotherapy agents, providing a practical, intuitive, colorful overview of this rapidly advancing field. Comprehensive yet concise, this easy-access resource by Drs. Daniel D. Karp, Gerald S. Falchook, and JoAnn D. Lim, helps you navigate through the newest research reports and apply the most recent discoveries as they pertain to specific tumor types, actionable molecular targets, and clinical performance of investigational targeted agents and combinations of agents. This handbook presents information distilled by dozens of translational research clinicians and other healthcare experts with hundreds of years of cumulative experience in the revolutionary area of genomically based precision oncology. Covers cancer targets-phase 1, 2, and 3 trials and preliminary results, as well as approved therapies. Includes sections on Molecular Targets and Pathways, and Targeted and Immunotherapy Agents. Contains a section on Carcinogenesis from the Perspective of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy, with essential content on biology, immunology, and immunotherapy. Organizes information by tumor type, pathway, and drug name, so you can approach clinical challenges from any direction. Highlights FDA approvals throughout. Pocket-sized and color coded to help you find information quickly and easily. Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

Eleven essays by historians and sociologists examine cancer research and treatment as everyday practice in post-war Europe and North America. These are not stories of inevitable medical progress and obstacles overcome, but of historical contingencies, cultural differences, hope, and often disappointed expectations.

This thoroughly revised second edition is an up-to-date overview of the new advances in the knowledge of the basic science in sarcoma and osteosarcoma. It features detailed, in-depth discussions of microRNAs in osteosarcoma, historical perspectives of chemotherapy in the treatment of the disease, tumor targeted IL12 therapy and HER2 targeted therapy, the role of enhancer elements in regulating the prometastatic transcriptional program and more. Further, this essential volume also includes new insights on Wnt signaling in osteosarcoma, the role of genomics, genetically modified T-cell therapy, liquid biopsy, oncolytic viruses, immunophenotyping, receptor tyrosine kinases and epigenetic-focused approaches for treatment of osteosarcoma metastases, as well as thoughts on the current standard of treatment for patients suffering from these cancers. In the years since the previous edition, there have been numerous new developments in this rapidly changing field; this new edition is both timely and urgently needed. When taken together these companion volumes, Current Clinical (Book 1) and Scientific (Book 2) Advances in Osteosarcoma, are a timely and urgently needed guide for laboratory investigators and clinical oncologists.

Our understanding of the scientific basis for urothelial malignancy has advanced significantly. Studies in prostate cancer, few and far between 20 years ago, have increased and the degree of Government intervention, both in Europe and America, to support work in this field has risen considerably. Interest too has grown from the pharmaceutical industry, and this has led to the development of new treatment options for all of the urological malignancies and real improvements in remission rates and durations.This book outlines developments in all areas of urological cancer, bringing together summaries of clinical and molecular advances in one volume, which will be invaluable to urologists and oncologists.

This book discusses a wide range of investigations and practice-oriented advances in pulmonary medicine and critical care. Pulmonary diseases are a major cause of hospitalization and mortality, affecting millions of people worldwide. Addressing a range of topics, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea, and lung cancer, the book offers insights into the disease mechanisms and risk factors, along with practical aspects concerning the maintenance of quality of life, adherence to therapy, and palliative treatment and care. Further, it explores diagnostic and treatment approaches to respiratory dysfunction and respiratory failure, highlighting the beneficial effects of good sleep quality in chronic pulmonary conditions and lung transplant patients. The book also presents novel experimental research on the cellular voltage-gated sodium channels in the mechanism of pathological cough, which is particularly relevant for future targeted antitussive therapy. Lastly, it addresses the epidemiological aspects of pulmonary infections. As such, this book is a valuable resource for medical scholars, clinicians, family physicians, and other professionals seeking to improve the management of respiratory diseases.

This book reviews the latest developments in the design, synthesis, and molecular mechanism of action of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in the context of potential cancer therapy. HDAC inhibitors are emerging as promising anticancer drug molecules that promote growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis of cancer cells with tumor selective toxicity. The book begins with an overview of various epigenetic modifying enzymes that are involved in cancer transition and progression; before exploring the potential of HDACs in cancer treatment. It provides a classification of HDAC inhibitors based on their structural attributes, and addresses HDAC-induced cytotoxicity.. Lastly, it discusses and assesses the rationale behind therapies that combine HDAC inhibitors with other anticancer agents to treat solid tumors. Given its scope, it offers a valuable resource for all researchers, clinicians, and students working in formulation, drug discovery, oncology, and personalized medicine.

In this definitive new text, the major medicines, devices and vaccines used by women worldwide are brought together for the first time in a single volume. Written and edited by international experts with an evidence-based approach, the book offers a comprehensive summary of all the key areas of women's medicines. In the first part, issues relating to female drug exposure and considerations for prescribing for subgroups of women - for example during pregnancy and lactation - are presented in the context of contemporary clinical practice. In the second part, specific groups of pharmaceutical products are reviewed, including oral contraceptives, emergency contraception, treatment of chronic pelvic pain, hormone replacement therapy, bisphosphonates, herbal medicines for women, contraceptive devices and human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines. Every chapter reviews and summarises the efficacy and safety of each group of products and concludes with a useful set of clinical take home messages. In the third part, broader perspectives are presented - from a primary care overview of prescribing for women, through to regulatory, political and religious aspects, including issues with women's medicines in developing countries. The final two chapters focus on risk communication and conclude that women themselves should be placed at the centre of all discussions about their medicines. The book is aimed at prescribers, other healthcare professionals and students in the field of women's health throughout the world. It is an extremely valuable resource for all in clinical practice, for students of medicine, nursing, pharmacy and related sciences, and also for those in medicines regulation, pharmacovigilance and the pharmaceutical industry.

This book comprehensively describes the association between metabolic syndrome and pancreatic cancer progression, and the mechanism of action and target definition with a view to drug discovery. Metabolic syndrome, which includes adnominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, has recently been shown to play an important role in the etiology and progression of various cancers. Further, obesity and diabetes have been associated with an increased incidence of gastric cancers. The book reviews the key biological mechanisms underlying the association between metabolic dysregulation, including obesity-associated enhancement of growth factor signaling, inflammation, and perturbation in pancreatic cancer cell growth and metastasis. It also illustrates the role of the inflammatory signaling pathway in metabolic diseases as well as tumor growth and explores the potential of these pathways as the rational targets for pancreatic cancer therapy. Lastly, the book offers a comprehensive description of the challenges associated with diabetes and pancreatic cancer therapy.

Throughout the world, head and neck cancer is a major threat to public health and a significant challenge to both clinicians and basic scientists. Despite extensive efforts in primary prevention, screening, early detection, and therapy, long-term survival rates have not improved substantially in the last three decades. This book covers a wide range of exciting new findings in both clinical and basic sciences as they are relevant to head and neck cancer. These findings have recently enhanced our understanding of head and neck carcinogenesis at the genetic and molecular levels, offering the promise of improved preventive and therapeutic strategies. The book also presents information on the important clinical advances that have been made in chemoprevention, organ preservation, and the simultaneous use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The first section provides an overview of the etiology and biology of head and neck cancer, including an examination of human papillomaviruses in both benign and malignant lesions. This section also discusses the carcinogenic process at the genetic and molecular levels, as well as aberrant squamous differentiation; increased understanding of these areas has great potential to translate into new strategies for cancer prevention. The second section describes recent advances in developing a risk model for head and neck cancer, as well as the application of genetic susceptibility data in chemoprevention. This section also includes overviews of the status of chemoprevention trials and of the process of invasion and metastasis in head and neck cancer. The third section covers molecular studies of radioresistance, early detection of head and neck cancer, and theimplications of photodynamic therapy, while the fourth section of the book includes studies of the timing and sequencing of chemoradiotherapy. New strategies in this area have made a significantly increased feasibility of laryngeal preservation in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer. The fifth and last section discusses the management of clinically negative neck disease, the role of adjuvant therapy in preventing distant metastasis, and new strategies for the treatment of recurrent tumors. Finally, we close with some intriguing predictions for the future of head and neck cancer therapy.

This book focuses on the emerging research in the field of treatment of solid tumors or cancer with new drug delivery systems using nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has given us a good scope for development of new innovative drug delivery strategies to increase the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs with reduced off-target side effects. Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide due to the limitations of classical therapies such as low solubility of active drugs, toxic side effects on healthy cells and resistance of tumor cells. These issues are partly solved by the recent development of polymeric nanoparticles, which improve drug absorption and the therapeutic index, while reducing side effects. Drug carriers must be biocompatible, biodegradable and non-immunogenic. Coupled to a ligand that has affinity for that particular cell, polymeric nanoparticles are used to target specifically malignant cells or tissues and, in turn, improve drug stability. This book presents the latest advances in the application of polymeric particles for cancer treatment, with focus on the tumor microenvironment, synthesis, active and passive targeting, patents, targeting over-expressed receptors, tumor-targeting ligands, theranostics, glioblastoma tumors, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and pH-responsive nanoparticles

This book contains a comprehensive series of reviews on the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family of peptides. This family of peptide hormones has a diverse and constantly expanding range of important physiologic functions, including regulation of blood calcium, vascular tension, feeding behavior and pain recognition.

This volume includes chapters on:

• The adrenomedullin peptides and signalling
• Ligand binding and activation of the CGRP receptor
• Understanding amylin receptors
• The CGRP-receptor component protein
• The calcitonin peptide family
• Genetic regulation of CGRP
• Vascular actions of CGRP and adrenomedullin
• Intermedin/adrenomedullin 2 function
• CGRP and adrenomedullin as pain-related peptides
• Amylinergic control of ingestive behaviour
• Calcitonin receptors

This book discusses their receptors, physiological and pathophysiological functions and potential as clinical targets. It will appeal to researchers who study any of these peptides and those with an interest in migraine therapy due to the involvement of CGRP in this disorder. The book is unique because it brings together research on the whole peptide family for the first time in several years. It will be a useful reference volume for researchers in this area. This book will also appeal to researchers in the broader field of bioactive peptides.

This book presents the applications of systems biology and synthetic biology in cancer medicine. It highlights the use of computational and mathematical models to decipher the complexity of cancer heterogeneity. The book emphasizes the modeling approaches for predicting behavior of cancer cells, tissues in context of drug response, and angiogenesis. It introduces cell-based therapies for the treatment of various cancers and reviews the role of neural networks for drug response prediction. Further, it examines the system biology approaches for the identification of medicinal plants in cancer drug discovery. It explores the opportunities for metabolic engineering in the realm of cancer research towards development of new cancer therapies based on metabolically derived targets. Lastly, it discusses the applications of data mining techniques in cancer research. This book is an excellent guide for oncologists and researchers who are involved in the latest cancer research.

This book explores the role of exaptation in diverse areas of life, with examples ranging from biology to economics, social sciences and architecture. The concept of exaptation, introduced in evolutionary biology by Gould and Vrba in 1982, describes the possibility that already existing traits can be exploited for new purposes throughout the evolutionary process. Edited by three active scholars in the fields of biology, physics and economics, the book presents an interdisciplinary collection of expert viewpoints illustrating the importance of exaptation for interpreting current reality in various fields of investigation. Using the lenses of exaptation, the contributing authors show how to view the overall macroscopic landscape as comprising many disciplines, all working in unity within a single complex system. This book is the first to discuss exaptation in both hard and soft disciplines and highlights the role of this concept in understanding the birth of innovation by identifying key elements and ideas. It also offers a comprehensive guide to the emerging interdisciplinary field of exaptation, provides didactic explanations of the basic concepts, and avoids excessive jargon and heavy formalism. Its target audience includes graduate students in physics, biology, mathematics, economics, psychology and architecture; it will also appeal to established researchers in the humanities who wish to explore or enter this new science-driven interdisciplinary field.