This book studies the electrical, optical and structural properties of the Be-oped GaInas/AlGaAs multiple quantum-well structures (MQWs) at different doping density in the GaInls well, both designed and fabricated in house. The higher Be-doping density in the wells was found to enhance the compressive strain and increase barrier height of the GaInAs/AlGaAs MQWs through extensive optical characterisation. It caused the shifts of the sub-energy levels in the valence band of the well material and the absorption wavelength resulting from the intersubband absorption. These observations were verified by theoretical calculation based on the six-band Luttinger-Kohn model by taking the Be-doping into account.

Ozone is a harmful gas to people's health even at low concentrations. Thus, it has attracted much interest to develop portable energy-saving high-resolution ozone sensors. In this book, the physical principle of photon stimulated ozone sensors based on indium oxide nanostructures has been investigated. Ozone sensors have been integrated with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the sensor performance towards real applications has been tested. To examine the mechanisms of photon stimulation (photoreduction) and oxidation effects, electrical, surface analytical and structural characterisation of ozone sensing layers were performed and analysed. Moreover, optical fibre sensor has found applications in the biomedical research, industrial process control and environmental monitoring. This book provides a review of the optical fibre sensor, especially focused on the optical fibre sensor development and its application in gas detection. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a sensitive tool providing information on various physical and chemical properties of materials, as well as on interaction processes occurring in the bulk or at the surface of these materials. In this book, the use of impedimetric transducers based on interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEA) for chemical and bio-sensors development is reviewed. Different designs of IDEA devices are presented and the effect of the transducer geometry on resulting impedance spectra is discussed. The authors also examine the development of an amperometric biosensor for phenol detection. The variables that exert influence on the performance of the biosensor response, including enzyme immobilisation procedure, laccase amounts, pH and working potential were investigated as well. Furthermore, the feasibility of the biosensor response for various phenol compounds was also investigated. Recent advances in sensor technology, signal processing and pattern recognition algorithms have led to the development of chemical sensing instruments housing one or more non-specific gas sensors. This book also reviews the recent applications of non-specific gas sensor array technologies used for environmental monitoring of odours; including a brief history on odour measurement applications; the different types of sensors utilised in gas sensor array systems and a range of pattern recognition techniques, from simple statistical analyses to artificial neural networks, used for the purpose of odour identification and quantification is also discussed.

SINGER made the Model 221 Featherweight Sewing Machine. Everyone knows that. But have you ever wondered about who the actual person was that first designed it? Have you ever wondered who came up with all the design changes that eventually became the Singer featherweight that we know and enjoy today? This book tells all. To see my other books, visit my website at www.DarrelKaiserBooks.com

This book comprises the proceedings of the 12th National Technical Symposium on Unmanned System Technology 2020 (NUSYS'20) held on October 27-28, 2020. It covers a number of topics, including intelligent robotics, novel sensor technology, control algorithms, acoustics signal processing, imaging techniques, biomimetic robots, green energy sources, and underwater communication backbones and protocols, and it appeals to researchers developing marine technology solutions and policy-makers interested in technologies to facilitate the exploration of coastal and oceanic regions.

This book gathers four papers authored by Victor Bravo and Nicolas Di Sbroiavacca, Oil and Natural Gas Engineers, specialized in Energy Economics. The main axis of the book is the application of the exploitation techniques of Oil and Natural Gas in Argentina, by the so-called "conventional" methods, in comparison with the so-called "Fracking",(name massively used in the First World and particularly in the United States of America). Argentina has important Oil and Natural Gas resources in different regions of its wide geography. To develop these "non-conventional" techniques has generated endless controversies all over the world, mostly due to its estimated environmental impact and the need of significant requirement of large capitals for investment. Argentina is not out of this relevant controversy because in the mind of the maximum national authorities, fracking is one of the main factors that may contribute to generate monetary funds devoted to the payment of the immense foreign debt of this country. Other authors estimate that it is not possible to develop our country just on the basis of the massive exploitation and boundless export of natural resources. Consequently, fracking is undoubtedly a topic of National Energy Politics. In this scenario, a previous analysis of the National Energy Politics of the recent governments of Argentina, after the bloody military dictatorship of 1976-1983 and the return to democratic governments in December 1983. This analysis is done over the chapters "Analysis of the National Law N 27007 (known as the "Hydrocarbon Resources Law") and the Oil and Natural Gas politics", the "Oil and Natural Gas Politics of the period from 2003 to 2014" and "The Argentine Energy Politics during the 2014-2018 period". Later on, the "Fracking" case is fully developed with two complementary analyses. One of them is basically centered on the technical and prospective scenarios for "fracking": "Shale Oil and Shale Gas in Argentina: Situation and Perspectives". The other one, "A technical opinion about Fracking", contemplates the impacts resulting from the use of these techniques, especially those concerning the environment. Anyhow, each of the chapters are self-contained, thus permitting separate reading of any of them.

For two centuries the barometer has been an indispensable laboratory instrument. Yet, despite its revolutionary influence on science, W. E. Knowles Middleton here offers the first complete history of the barometer as a scientific tool.

Middleton relies on research from Western European documents and manuscripts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He begins his story with a pre-history of the barometer, the Torricellian experiment, the subsequent experiments and controversies in the 1640s, and the barometric experiments during the remainder of the century.

Later chapters are concerned with the mercury barometer as a scientific instrument, discussing the efforts to expand the scale to render the instrument portable, and to attain greater accuracy. These chapters follow accounts of mercury barographs, the history of the corrections to the barometer, the history of the mercury barometer in North America, and the luminescence that appears when a barometer is moved in the dark. The final chapters discuss barometers other than those using the weight of a column of mercury.

A large number of the more interesting barometers seen by the author in his extensive travels appears in the appendix. Nearly 200 figures and diagrams depict the wide variety of barometers studied by the author over his long career at the Smithsonian Institution.

This book gives a unified presentation of the research performed in the field of multiscale modelling in sheet metal forming over the course of more than thirty years by the members of six teams from internationally acclaimed universities. The first chapter is devoted to the presentation of some recent phenomenological yield criteria (BBC 2005 and BBC 2008) developed at the CERTETA center from the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. An overview on the crystallographic texture and plastic anisotropy is presented in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 is dedicated to multiscale modelling of plastic anisotropy. The authors describe a new hierarchical multi-scale framework that allows taking into account the evolution of plastic anisotropy during sheet forming processes. Chapter 4 is focused on modelling the evolution of voids in porous metals with applications to forming limit curves and ductile fracture. The chapter details the steps needed for the development of dissipation functions and Gurson-type models for non-quadratic anisotropic plasticity criteria like BBC 2005 and those based on linear transformations. Chapter 5 describes advanced models for the prediction of forming limit curves developed by the authors. Chapter 6 is devoted to anisotropic damage in elasto-plastic materials with structural defects. Finally, Chapter 7 deals with modelling of the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect. This volume contains contributions from leading researchers from the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium, Clausthal University of Technology, Germany, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran, the University of Bucharest, Romania, and the Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy, Romania. It will prove useful to postgraduate students, researchers and engineers who are interested in the mechanical modeling and numerical simulation of sheet metal forming processes.

Pressure vessels are closed containers designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure. They have a variety of applications in industry, including in oil refineries, nuclear reactors, vehicle airbrake reservoirs, and more. The pressure differential with such vessels is dangerous, and due to the risk of accident and fatality around their use, the design, manufacture, operation and inspection of pressure vessels is regulated by engineering authorities and guided by legal codes and standards. "Pressure Vessel Design Manual" is a solutions-focused guide to the many problems and technical challenges involved in the design of pressure vessels to match stringent standards and codes. It brings together otherwise scattered information and explanations into one easy-to-use resource to minimize research and take readers from problem to solution in the most direct manner possible.
Covers almost all problems that a working pressure vessel designer can expect to face, with 50+ step-by-step design procedures including a wealth of equations, explanations and data Internationally recognized, widely referenced and trusted, with 20+ years of use in over 30 countries making it an accepted industry standard guide Now revised with up-to-date ASME, ASCE and API regulatory code information, and dual unit coverage for increased ease of international use

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in laser techniques for micro-nano-manufacturing and an in-depth analysis of applications, such as 3D printing and nanojoining. Lasers have gained increasing significance as a precise tool for advanced manufacturing. Written by world leading scientists, the first part of the book presents the fundamentals of laser interaction with materials at the micro- and nanoscale, including multiphoton excitation and nonthermal melting, and allows readers to better understand advanced processing. In the second part, the authors focus on various advanced fabrications, such as laser peening, surface nanoengineering, and plasmonic heating. Finally, case studies are devoted to special applications, such as 3D printing, microfluidics devices, energy devices, and plasmonic and photonic waveguides. This book integrates both theoretical and experimental analysis. The combination of tutorial chapters and concentrated case studies will be critically attractive to undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the relevant fields. Readers will grasp the full picture of the application of laser for micro-nanomanufacturing and 3D printing.

This book explains the operating principles of atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. The aim of this book is to enable the reader to operate a scanning probe microscope successfully and understand the data obtained with the microscope. The chapters on the scanning probe techniques are complemented by the chapters on fundamentals and important technical aspects. This textbook is primarily aimed at graduate students from physics, materials science, chemistry, nanoscience and engineering, as well as researchers new to the field.

As the biomedical device industry grows substantially worldwide over the next few decades, significant issues regarding the health and safety of the manufacturing worker must be controlled and managed effectively in order to minimize unwanted exposures to chemical, biological and physical hazards encountered in the workplace. It is also important to bear in mind that safe delivery is not less important than efficient delivery. Medical devices may get contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms or cross contaminated as a result of delivering different drugs using the same device. This book provides insightful information for the scientific community in regard to medical device manufacturing.

ASME Code for Power Boilers Simplified! Now theres a quick, easy way to make sense of one of the industrys most widely used regulatory documents: The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The ASME Code Simplified: Power Boilers, by Dyer D. Carroll and Dyer E. Carroll, Jr., clarifies every aspect of Section 1 of the Code plus its latest updates. You get dozens of real-world examples that help you apply the Code to the design, fabrication, repair, inspection and testing of all types of power boilers. Much more than just a Code ``decoder, it packs easy-to-follow procedures for obtaining ``S and ``R stamps plus scores of sample problems, questions and answers that help you prepare for the National Boiler and Pressure Vessel Board as well as ``A and ``B endorsement exams. You get instant access to the latest requirements for: Cylindrical components under both internal and external pressure; Formed heads; Braced and stayed surfaces; Reinforced openings in heads and shells; Appurtenances and appliances; Much more.

Engineer precision liquid, gas, and steam flow measurement Heres the first place to turn to select, install calibrate, and take full advantage of todays most popular flowmeters--including the latest V:-Cone, Wedge, Gilflo, Thermal mass, and laminar devices. Flow expert R.W. Miller has completely updated Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook, Third Edition, to develop vanguard ISO (including ISO 9000), ASME, and ANSI standards into hands-on US and SI unit engineering equations for everything from water to natural gas. You get state-of-the-art solutions on: fluid properties; measurement; accuracy; influence quantities; selection; installation; differential producers; volumetric and mass flow rate equations; design; fixed geometry devices; computation; critical flow; linear flowmeters; meter influence quantities; and more.

This book describes the fundamentals of microfluidics and fabrication methods of microfluidic devices that can be adopted for animal-assisted reproduction. It presents microfluidic methods for sorting highly fertile spermatozoa. This book also describes the application of microfluidics in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. It discusses the use of microfluidics in sperm sexing and the cryopreservation of animal gametes and embryos. Lastly, the book examines the potential opportunities of microfluidics in infertility diagnosis, sperm selection and guidance, oocyte selection, insemination, and embryo monitoring.

Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials, and Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the 2021 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the second volume of four from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Experimental Mechanics, including papers in the following general technical research areas: Characterization Across Length Scales Extreme Conditions & Environmental Effects Damage, Fatigue and Fracture Structure, Function and Performance Rate Effects in Elastomers Viscoelasticity & Viscoplasticity Research in Progress Extreme Nanomechanics In-Situ Nanomechanics Expanding Boundaries in Metrology Micro and Nanoscale Deformation MEMS for Actuation, Sensing and Characterization 1D & 2D Materials Cardiac Mechanics Cell Mechanics Biofilms and Microbe Mechanics Traumatic Brain Injury Orthopedic Biomechanics Ligaments and Soft Materials

Mechanics of Biological Systems & Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 5 of the Proceedings of the 2020 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fifth volume of seven from the Conference, brings together contributions to important areas of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of topics, including: Cell Mechanics & Traumatic Brain Injury Micromechanical Testing Adhesion and Fracture MEMS Devices and Technology Nano-scale Deformation Mechanisms 1D & 2D Materials Tribology & Wear Research and Applications in Progress

The book provides design engineers an elemental understanding of the variables that influence pressure drop and heat transfer in plain and micro-fin tubes to thermal systems using liquid single-phase flow in different industrial applications. It also provides design engineers using gas-liquid, two-phase flow in different industrial applications the necessary fundamentals of the two-phase flow variables. The author and his colleagues were the first to determine experimentally the very important relationship between inlet geometry and transition. On the basis of their results, they developed practical and easy to use correlations for the isothermal and non-isothermal friction factor (pressure drop) and heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt number) in the transition region as well as the laminar and turbulent flow regions for different inlet configurations and fin geometry. This work presented herein provides the thermal systems design engineer the necessary design tools. The author further presents a succinct review of the flow patterns, void fraction, pressure drop and non-boiling heat transfer phenomenon and recommends some of the well scrutinized modeling techniques.

A critical and often overlooked aspect of preventing medical device recalls is the ability to implement systems thinking. Although systems thinking won't prevent every mistake, it remains one of the most effective tools for evaluating hidden risks and discovering robust solutions for eliminating those risks. Based on the author's extensive experience in the medical device, aerospace, and manufacturing engineering industries, Preventing Medical Device Recalls presents a detailed structure for systems thinking that can help to prevent costly device recalls. Based on Dr. W. Edwards Deming's System of Profound Knowledge, this structure can help medical device designers and manufacturers exceed their customers' expectations for quality and safety. This book is among the first to demonstrate how to control safety risks-from specifications all the way through to safely retiring products without harm to the environment. Supplying an accessible overview of medical device requirements and the science of safety, it explains why risk analysis must start with product specification and continue throughout the product life cycle. Covering paradigms for proactive thinking and doing, the text details methods that readers can implement during the specification writing, product design, and product development phases to prevent recalls. It also includes numerous examples from the author's experience in the medical device, consumer, and aerospace industries. Even in healthcare, where compliance with standards is at its highest level, more patients die from medical mistakes each week than would be involved in a jumbo jet crash. With coverage that includes risk assessment and risk management, this book provides you with an understanding of how mishaps happen so you can account for unexpected events and design devices that are free of costly recalls.

The best-selling Distributed Sensor Networks became the definitive guide to understanding this far-reaching technology. Preserving the excellence and accessibility of its predecessor, Distributed Sensor Networks, Second Edition once again provides all the fundamentals and applications in one complete, self-contained source. Ideal as a tutorial for students or as research material for engineers, the book gives readers up-to-date, practical insight on all aspects of the field. Revised and expanded, this second edition incorporates contributions from many veterans of the DARPA ISO SENSIT program as well as new material from distinguished researchers in the field. Image and Sensor Signal Processing focuses on software issues and the history and future of sensor networks. The book also covers information fusion and power management. Readers of this book may also be interested in Distributed Sensor Networks, Second Edition: Sensor Networking and Applications (ISBN: 9781439862872).

Exploring the design and use of micro- and meso-actuators, this book begins with theory and a general synopsis of the state-of-the-art in theoretical research. It discusses how to employ modern approaches in research and design activity, then presents a systematic list of already available products and details their potential for use. Design possibilities based on new technologies are clearly separated from those due to scale reduction, aiding in the selection of proper technology. The author takes a multi-physic approach to guarantee a comprehensive modeling technique, while the many references to experimental data and to existing microacutators assure an effective applicability of proposed theories.

According to the FDA Quality System Regulations, manufacturers must ensure that "device packaging and shipping containers are designed and constructed to protect the device from alteration or damage during the customary conditions of processing, storage, handling, and distribution." As specific as this statement is, the FDA does not provide instructions on how to achieve their standards. Validating Medical Packaging demystifies the validation procedure for medical device packaging by providing specific examples and templates for creating and maintaining a validation file.

About the author:

Ronald Pilchik has over 30 years of experience in the healthcare manufacturing industry. As principal of the Techmark Group, he provided consulting services to diverse multinational manufacturers on selecting, developing, and validating medical packaging compatible with their sterilization requirements. He has been chairman of the healthcare packaging section of TAPPI, the packaging committee of HIMA, and a member of AAMI's ISO198 working group on packaging. Mr. Pilchik is program chairman of the HealthPack Conference Series on medical device packaging.

The development of near-field optics marked a major advance in microscopy and our ability to develop nanoscale technologies. However, the tapered optical fiber widely in use as the optical near-field probe has serious limitations in its fabrication, its optical transmission efficiency, and its use in arrays.

Fabrication of Silicon Microprobes for Optical Near-Field Applications reports on several technological approaches to using silicon micromachining techniques for fabricating microprobes without the drawbacks of conventional optical fiber probes. The authors have developed a simple, effective method for batch-process production of silicon cantilevered probes with apertures as small as 20 nanometers. They have investigated in detail the probes' optical performance characteristics and show how the silicon probes overcome the limitations of the optical fiber probes in terms of production throughput, optical throughput, reproducibility, simplicity of instrumentation, and mechanical performance.

Das von A. Leonhard im Jahre 1940 vorgeschlagene Stabilitatskriterium, bekannt als Zweiortskurvenverfahren, ist im Buch durch Einsatz eines gespiegelten negativ inversen Reglers zu einem neuen Verfahren (DBV) uberarbeitet und in einem Bode-Diagramm mit drei getrennten Amplituden- und Phasengangen angewendet. Das DBV hat mehrere Vorteile gegenuber bekannten Nyquist- oder Michailow-Stabilitatskriterien und lasst die Stabilitat von Regelkreisen direkt anhand Bode-Plots der Regelstrecke prufen. Die UEbungsaufgaben sind mit Loesungen begleitet, die zum besseren Verstandnis mit MATLAB (R) simuliert sind.

This reference work compiles and summarizes the available information on epoxy blends. It covers all essential areas - the synthesis, processing, characterization and applications of epoxy blends - in a comprehensive manner. The handbook is highly application-oriented and thus serves as a valuable, authoritative reference guide for researchers, engineers, and technologists working on epoxy blends, but also for graduate and postgraduate students, polymer chemists, and faculties at universities and colleges.The handbook is divided into three parts and organized by the types of blends and components: Part I covers epoxy rubber blends, Part II focuses on epoxy thermoplastic blends, and Part III examines epoxy block-copolymer blends. Each part starts with an introduction, and the individual chapters provide readers with comprehensive information on the synthesis and processing, analysis and characterization, properties and applications of the different epoxy blends. All parts conclude with a critical evaluation of the applications, weighing their advantages and drawbacks. Leading international experts from corporate and academic research institutions and universities discuss the correlations of different epoxy blend properties with their macro-, micro- and nanostructures. This handbook thus offers a rich resource for newcomers to the field, and a major reference work for experienced researchers, the first of its kind available on the market. As epoxies find extremely broad applications, e.g. in oil & gas, in the chemical industry, building and construction industry, automotive, aviation and aerospace, boat building and marine applications, in adhesives and coatings, and many more, this handbook addresses researchers and practitioners from all these fields.

This volume focuses on the state-of-the-art micro/nanofabrication technologies for creating miniature structures with high precision. These multidisciplinary technologies include mechanical, electrical, optical, physical, and chemical methods, as well as hybrid processes, covering subtractive and additive material manufacturing, as well as net-shape manufacturing. The materials the volume deals with include metals, alloys, semiconductors, polymers, crystals, glass, ceramics, composites, and nanomaterials. The volume is composed of 30 chapters, which are grouped into five parts. Engaging with the latest research in the field, these chapters provide important perspectives on key topics, from process developments at the shop level to scientific investigations at the academic level, offering both experimental work and theoretical analysis. Moreover, the content of this volume is highly interdisciplinary in nature, with insights from not only manufacturing technology but also mechanical/material science, optics, physics, chemistry, and more.