This book presents the basics and applications of photonic materials. It focuses on the utility of these devices for sensing, biosensing, and displays. The book includes fundamental aspects with a particular focus on the application of photonic materials. The field of photonic materials is both a burgeoning, and mature field. There are new advances being made on a daily basis, all based on the fundamental roots set by work by those like Ozin, Thomas, Asher, and others.

This book addresses Software-Defined Radio (SDR) baseband processing from the computer architecture point of view, providing a detailed exploration of different computing platforms by classifying different approaches, highlighting the common features related to SDR requirements and by showing pros and cons of the proposed solutions. It covers architectures exploiting parallelism by extending single-processor environment (such as VLIW, SIMD, TTA approaches), multi-core platforms distributing the computation to either a homogeneous array or a set of specialized heterogeneous processors, and architectures exploiting fine-grained, coarse-grained, or hybrid reconfigurability.

This book presents important topics in nanophotonics in review-style chapters written by world leading scientists. The book sketches the history of dressed photon science and technology and explains why advanced theories of dressed photons are required. To meet this requirement, the recent results of theoretical studies and the theory of dressed photons are displayed by modifying the conventional electromagnetic theory. The classical theoretical model of spatiotemporal vortex dynamics is explained by treating the dressed photon as a space-like virtual photon. Also discussed in the book is the energy transfer of dressed photons, based on a quantum walk model and a quantum mechanical measurement process of dressed photons for connecting the nano- and macro-systems. Dressed photons are explained as quantum fields by characterizing them in momentum space.

The interaction of light with matter, in particular metals, is one of the classical areas of physical studies, and has contributed tremendously to our present understanding of physics. Light has been used successfully to investigate the electronic, magnetic and atomic structure of metal surfaces, as well as thin films, multi-layers, and interfaces. Such optical studies represent a non-destructive technique for materials characterization. The study of magnetism is of particular interest, not only for basic research, but also in view of a variety of applications like storage of information and magnetic recording. For many years the linear Kerr effect, typically exhibiting in metals Kerr rotations of less than one degree, has been used and developed as a successful tool for solid state physics research and applications. Only recently nonlinear optical effects in metals and in particular nonlinear magneto-optical effects have become an intensive area of studies. Due to the high interface sensitivity of nonlinear magneto-optics in contrast to linear magneto-optics, such studies lead to a new tool of investigating electronic stucture and magnetism at metallic interfaces, in thin films and multilayers. The high sensitivity of nonlinear optics and in particular the related, strikingly large Kerr rotations have been a remarkable experimental observation and an impressive example that Maxwell's equations still offer surprises. While future work on electronic and atomic structural phase transitions, on lateral and in-depth resolution of film structure, magnetic contrasts, domain structures, anti-ferromagnetism, or magnetic anisotropy effects will reveal the full potential of second harmonic light generation as a new tool of interface and film research, this book will give a comprehensive introduction to the state of the art in the subject, and will lay the ground for further developments.

This new and expanded monograph improves upon Mohan's earlier book, Residue Number Systems (Springer, 2002) with a state of the art treatment of the subject. Replete with detailed illustrations and helpful examples, this book covers a host of cutting edge topics such as the core function, the quotient function, new Chinese Remainder theorems, and large integer operations. It also features many significant applications to practical communication systems and cryptography such as FIR filters and elliptic curve cryptography. Starting with a comprehensive introduction to the basics and leading up to current research trends that are not yet widely distributed in other publications, this book will be of interest to both researchers and students alike.

This book offers a systematic and comprehensive introduction to the visual simultaneous localization and mapping (vSLAM) technology, which is a fundamental and essential component for many applications in robotics, wearable devices, and autonomous driving vehicles. The book starts from very basic mathematic background knowledge such as 3D rigid body geometry, the pinhole camera projection model, and nonlinear optimization techniques, before introducing readers to traditional computer vision topics like feature matching, optical flow, and bundle adjustment. The book employs a light writing style, instead of the rigorous yet dry approach that is common in academic literature. In addition, it includes a wealth of executable source code with increasing difficulty to help readers understand and use the practical techniques. The book can be used as a textbook for senior undergraduate or graduate students, or as reference material for researchers and engineers in related areas.

This book organizes principles and methods of signal processing and machine learning into the framework of coherence. The book contains a wealth of classical and modern methods of inference, some reported here for the first time. General results are applied to problems in communications, cognitive radio, passive and active radar and sonar, multi-sensor array processing, spectrum analysis, hyperspectral imaging, subspace clustering, and related. The reader will find new results for model fitting; for dimension reduction in models and ambient spaces; for detection, estimation, and space-time series analysis; for subspace averaging; and for uncertainty quantification. Throughout, the transformation invariances of statistics are clarified, geometries are illuminated, and null distributions are given where tractable. Stochastic representations are emphasized, as these are central to Monte Carlo simulations. The appendices contain a comprehensive account of matrix theory, the SVD, the multivariate normal distribution, and many of the important distributions for coherence statistics. The book begins with a review of classical results in the physical and engineering sciences where coherence plays a fundamental role. Then least squares theory and the theory of minimum mean-squared error estimation are developed, with special attention paid to statistics that may be interpreted as coherence statistics. A chapter on classical hypothesis tests for covariance structure introduces the next three chapters on matched and adaptive subspace detectors. These detectors are derived from likelihood reasoning, but it is their geometries and invariances that qualify them as coherence statistics. A chapter on independence testing in space-time data sets leads to a definition of broadband coherence, and contains novel applications to cognitive radio and the analysis of cyclostationarity. The chapter on subspace averaging reviews basic results and derives an order-fitting rule for determining the dimension of an average subspace. These results are used to enumerate sources of acoustic and electromagnetic radiation and to cluster subspaces into similarity classes. The chapter on performance bounds and uncertainty quantification emphasizes the geometry of the Cramer-Rao bound and its related information geometry.

This book provides readers with invaluable overviews and updates of the most important topics in the radiation-effects field, enabling them to face significant challenges in the quest for the insertion of ever-higher density and higher performance electronic components in satellite systems. Readers will benefit from the up-to-date coverage of the various primary (classical) sub-areas of radiation effects, including the space and terrestrial radiation environments, basic mechanisms of total ionizing dose, digital and analog single-event transients, basic mechanisms of single-event effects, system-level SEE analysis, device-level, circuit-level and system-level hardening approaches, and radiation hardness assurance. Additionally, this book includes in-depth discussions of several newer areas of investigation, and current challenges to the radiation effects community, such as radiation hardening by design, the use of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components in space missions, CubeSats and SmallSats, the use of recent generation FPGA's in space, and new approaches for radiation testing and validation. The authors provide essential background and fundamentals, in addition to information on the most recent advances and challenges in the sub-areas of radiation effects. Provides a concise introduction to the fundamentals of radiation effects, latest research results, and new test methods and procedures; Discusses the radiation effects and mitigation solutions for advanced integrated circuits and systems designed to operate in harsh radiation environments; Includes coverage of the impact of Small Satellites in the space industry.

Describing and evaluating the basic principles and methods of subsurface sensing and imaging, Introduction to Subsurface Imaging is a clear and comprehensive treatment that links theory to a wide range of real-world applications in medicine, biology, security and geophysical/environmental exploration. It integrates the different sensing techniques (acoustic, electric, electromagnetic, optical, x-ray or particle beams) by unifying the underlying physical and mathematical similarities, and computational and algorithmic methods. Time-domain, spectral and multisensor methods are also covered, whilst all the necessary mathematical, statistical and linear systems tools are given in useful appendices to make the book self-contained. Featuring a logical blend of theory and applications, a wealth of color illustrations, homework problems and numerous case studies, this is suitable for use as both a course text and as a professional reference.

Deep learning is providing exciting solutions for medical image analysis problems and is seen as a key method for future applications. This book gives a clear understanding of the principles and methods of neural network and deep learning concepts, showing how the algorithms that integrate deep learning as a core component have been applied to medical image detection, segmentation and registration, and computer-aided analysis, using a wide variety of application areas. Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis is a great learning resource for academic and industry researchers in medical imaging analysis, and for graduate students taking courses on machine learning and deep learning for computer vision and medical image computing and analysis.

This book provides comprehensive information on the history and status quo of a new research field, which we refer to as Engineering Optics 2.0. The content covers both the theoretical basis and the engineering aspects in connection with various applications. The field of Engineering Optics employs optical theories to practical applications in a broad range of areas. However, the foundation of traditional Engineering Optics was formed several hundred years ago, and the field has developed only very gradually. With technological innovations in both the fabrication and characterization of microstructures, the past few decades have witnessed many groundbreaking changes to the bases of optics, including the generalizing of refraction, reflection, diffraction, radiation and absorption theories. These new theories enable us to break through the barriers in traditional optical technologies, yielding revolutionary advances in traditional optical systems such as microscopes, telescopes and lithography systems.

Developing environmental sensing and monitoring technologies become essential especially for industries that may cause severe contamination. Intelligent environmental sensing uses novel sensor techniques, intelligent signal and data processing algorithms, and wireless sensor networks to enhance environmental sensing and monitoring. It finds applications in many environmental problems such as oil and gas, water quality, and agriculture. This book addresses issues related to three main approaches to intelligent environmental sensing and discusses their latest technological developments. Key contents of the book include: Agricultural monitoring Classification, detection, and estimation Data fusion Geological monitoring Motor monitoring Multi-sensor systems Oil reservoirs monitoring Sensor motes Water quality monitoring Wireless sensor network protocol.

If you find visual illusions fascinating Programming Visual Illusions for Everyone is a book for you. It has some background, some history and some theories about visual illusions, and it describes in some detail twelve illusions. Some are about surfaces, some are about apparent size of objects, some are about colour and some involve movement. This is only one aspect of the book. The other is to show you how you can create these effects on any computer. The book includes a brief introduction to a powerful programming language called Python. No previous experience with programming is necessary. There is also an introduction to a package called PsychoPy that makes it easy to draw on a computer screen. It is perfectly ok if you have never heard the names Python or PsychoPy before. Python is a modern and easy-to-read language, and PsychoPy takes care of all the graphical aspects of drawing on a screen and also interacting with a computer. By the way, both Python and PsychoPy are absolutely free. Is this a book about illusions or about programming? It is both!

This book serves as a starting point for people looking for a deeper principled understanding of REST, its applications, its limitations, and current research work in the area and as an architectural style. The authors focus on applying REST beyond Web applications (i.e., in enterprise environments), and in reusing established and well-understood design patterns. The book examines how RESTful systems can be designed and deployed, and what the results are in terms of benefits and challenges encountered in the process. This book is intended for information and service architects and designers who are interested in learning about REST, how it is applied, and how it is being advanced.

This book is devoted to optical semiconductor devices and their numerous applications in telecommunications, optoelectronics, and consumer electronics-areas where signal processing or the transmission of signals across fiber optic cables is paramount. It introduces a new generation of devices that includes optical modulators, quantum well (QW) lasers, and photodiodes and explores new applications of more established devices such as semiconductor lasers, light-emitting diodes, and photodiodes. Mitsuo Fukuda examines the material properties, operation principles, fabrication, packaging, reliability, and applications of each device and offers a unique industrial perspective, discussing everything engineers and scientists need to know at different phases of research, development, and production. This guide to the state-of-the-art of optical semiconductor devices:
* Helps you choose the right device for a given application.
* Covers important performance data such as temperature and optical feedback noise in lasers.
* Highlights epitaxial growth techniques and fabrication for each device.
* Features one hundred figures and an extensive bibliography.
* Provides a clear and concise treatment, unencumbered by excessive theory Optical Semiconductor Devices is an essential resource for engineers and researchers in telecommunications and optoelectronics, equipment designers and manufacturers, and graduate students and scholars interested in this rapidly evolving field.

This book is about recent research in the area of profiling humans from their voice, which seeks to deduce and describe the speaker's entire persona and their surroundings from voice alone. It covers several key aspects of this technology, describing how the human voice is unique in its ability to both capture and influence the human persona -- how, in some ways, voice is more potent and valuable then DNA and fingerprints as a metric, since it not only carries information about the speaker, but also about their current state and their surroundings at the time of speaking. It provides a comprehensive review of advances made in multiple scientific fields that now contribute to its foundations. It describes how artificial intelligence enables mechanisms of discovery that were not possible before in this context, driving the field forward in unprecedented ways. It also touches upon related and relevant challenges posed by voice disguise and other mechanisms of voice manipulation. The book acts as a good resource for academic researchers, and for professional agencies in many areas such as law enforcement, healthcare, social services, entertainment etc.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 6th China High Resolution Earth Observation Conference (CHREOC). Since its inception, the conference series has become an influential academic event in the earth detection area and attracted more and more top experts and industry practitioners in related fields. CHREOC chiefly focuses on popular topics including military-civilian integration, the One Belt and One Road initiative, and the transformation of scientific research achievements, while also discussing new ideas, new technologies, new methods, and new developments. The CHREOC conferences have effectively promoted high-level institutional mechanisms, technological innovation, and industrial upgrading in the high-resolution earth observation area, and sparked new interest in the major national-sponsored project CHREOS. The majority of the contributing authors are researchers and experts participating in the CHREOS project. The papers highlight new findings, technical innovations, and research directions in the field of high-resolution earth observation. All articles have undergone several rounds of expert review and reflect cutting-edge advances. Accordingly, the proceedings offer an informative and valuable resource for both academic research and engineering practice.

This book brings together work on Turkish natural language and speech processing over the last 25 years, covering numerous fundamental tasks ranging from morphological processing and language modeling, to full-fledged deep parsing and machine translation, as well as computational resources developed along the way to enable most of this work. Owing to its complex morphology and free constituent order, Turkish has proved to be a fascinating language for natural language and speech processing research and applications. After an overview of the aspects of Turkish that make it challenging for natural language and speech processing tasks, this book discusses in detail the main tasks and applications of Turkish natural language and speech processing. A compendium of the work on Turkish natural language and speech processing, it is a valuable reference for new researchers considering computational work on Turkish, as well as a one-stop resource for commercial and research institutions planning to develop applications for Turkish. It also serves as a blueprint for similar work on other Turkic languages such as Azeri, Turkmen and Uzbek.

China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2021) Proceedings presents selected research papers from CSNC 2021 held during 22nd-25th May, 2021 in Nanchang, China. These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou System (BDS) especially. They are divided into 10 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2021 which broadly covered key topics in GNSS. Readers can learn about the BDS and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications.

Wearable Systems Based Gait Monitoring and Analysis provides a thorough overview of wearable gait monitoring techniques and their use in health analysis. The text starts with an examination of the relationship between the human body's physical condition and gait, and then introduces and explains nine mainstream sensing mechanisms, including piezoresistive, resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, inductive, optical, air pressure, EMG and IMU-based architectures. Gait sensor design considerations in terms of geometry and deployment are also introduced. Diverse processing algorithms for manipulating sensors outputs to transform raw data to understandable gait features are discussed. Furthermore, gait analysis-based health monitoring demonstrations are given at the end of this book, including both medical and occupational applications. The book will enable students of biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, signal processing, and ergonomics and practitioners to understand the medical and occupational applications of engineering-based gait analysis and falling injury prevention methods.

"Molecular Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications" is a comprehensive monograph which describes not only the theory of the underlying algorithms and key technologies but also introduces a prototype system and its applications, bringing together theory, technology and applications. By explaining the basic concepts and principles of molecular imaging, imaging techniques, as well as research and applications in detail, the book provides both detailed theoretical background information and technical methods for researchers working in medical imaging and the life sciences. Clinical doctors and graduate students will also benefit from this book. Jie Tian is a professor at the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Resolving Spectral Mixtures: With Applications from Ultrafast Time-Resolved Spectroscopy to Superresolution Imaging offers a comprehensive look into the most important models and frameworks essential to resolving the spectral unmixing problem-from multivariate curve resolution and multi-way analysis to Bayesian positive source separation and nonlinear unmixing. Unravelling total spectral data into the contributions from individual unknown components with limited prior information is a complex problem that has attracted continuous interest for almost four decades. Spectral unmixing is a topic of interest in statistics, chemometrics, signal processing, and image analysis. For decades, researchers from these fields were often unaware of the work in other disciplines due to their different scientific and technical backgrounds and interest in different objects or samples. This led to the development of quite different approaches to solving the same problem. This multi-authored book will bridge the gap between disciplines with contributions from a number of well-known and strongly active chemometric and signal processing research groups. Among chemists, multivariate curve resolution methods are preferred to extract information about the nature, amount, and location in time (process) and space (imaging and microscopy) of chemical constituents in complex samples. In signal processing, assumptions are usually around statistical independence of the extracted components. However, the chapters include the complexity of the spectral data to be unmixed as well as dimensionality and size of the data sets. Advanced spectroscopy is the key thread linking the different chapters. Applications cover a large part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Time-resolution ranges from femtosecond to second in process spectroscopy and spatial resolution covers the submicronic to macroscopic scale in hyperspectral imaging.

The proceedings includes cutting-edge research articles from the Fourth International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP), which is organised by Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Kalapatti, Coimbatore. The Conference provides academia and industry to discuss and present the latest technological advances and research results in the fields of theoretical, experimental, and application of signal, image and video processing. The book provides latest and most informative content from engineers and scientists in signal, image and video processing from around the world, which will benefit the future research community to work in a more cohesive and collaborative way.

This contributed volume collects papers based on courses and talks given at the 2017 CIMPA school Harmonic Analysis, Geometric Measure Theory and Applications, which took place at the University of Buenos Aires in August 2017. These articles highlight recent breakthroughs in both harmonic analysis and geometric measure theory, particularly focusing on their impact on image and signal processing. The wide range of expertise present in these articles will help readers contextualize how these breakthroughs have been instrumental in resolving deep theoretical problems. Some topics covered include: Gabor frames Falconer distance problem Hausdorff dimension Sparse inequalities Fractional Brownian motion Fourier analysis in geometric measure theory This volume is ideal for applied and pure mathematicians interested in the areas of image and signal processing. Electrical engineers and statisticians studying these fields will also find this to be a valuable resource.