This book demonstrates the research on VLC based indoor localization in four aspects: first, it constructs the concept and model of the system; second, positioning algorithms, as the main issue in indoor localization, are detailed; third, many approaches are proposed to further improve the positioning performance; fourth, challenges will be detailed. Impulse response with multipath reflections are analyzed. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed, and positioning performance is largely improved compared to On-off-keying (OOK) modulation. The readers will get a broad view of VLC based indoor localization from the background to the future challenges.

This book presents an overview of the state of the art in video coding technology. Specifically, it introduces the tools of the AVS2 standard, describing how AVS2 can help to achieve a significant improvement in coding efficiency for future video networks and applications by incorporating smarter coding tools such as scene video coding. Features: introduces the basic concepts in video coding, and presents a short history of video coding technology and standards; reviews the coding framework, main coding tools, and syntax structure of AVS2; describes the key technologies used in the AVS2 standard, including prediction coding, transform coding, entropy coding, and loop-filters; examines efficient tools for scene video coding and surveillance video, and the details of a promising intelligent video coding system; discusses optimization technologies in video coding systems; provides a review of image, video, and 3D content quality assessment algorithms; surveys the hot research topics in video compression.

This is the second volume in a trilogy on modern Signal Processing. The three books provide a concise exposition of signal processing topics, and a guide to support individual practical exploration based on MATLAB programs. This second book focuses on recent developments in response to the demands of new digital technologies. It is divided into two parts: the first part includes four chapters on the decomposition and recovery of signals, with special emphasis on images. In turn, the second part includes three chapters and addresses important data-based actions, such as adaptive filtering, experimental modeling, and classification.

Since publication of the initial papers in 2006, compressed sensing has captured the imagination of the international signal processing community, and the mathematical foundations are nowadays quite well understood. Parallel to the progress in mathematics, the potential applications of compressed sensing have been explored by many international groups of, in particular, engineers and applied mathematicians, achieving very promising advances in various areas such as communication theory, imaging sciences, optics, radar technology, sensor networks, or tomography. Since many applications have reached a mature state, the research center MATHEON in Berlin focusing on "Mathematics for Key Technologies", invited leading researchers on applications of compressed sensing from mathematics, computer science, and engineering to the "MATHEON Workshop 2013: Compressed Sensing and its Applications" in December 2013. It was the first workshop specifically focusing on the applications of compressed sensing. This book features contributions by the plenary and invited speakers of this workshop. To make this book accessible for those unfamiliar with compressed sensing, the book will not only contain chapters on various applications of compressed sensing written by plenary and invited speakers, but will also provide a general introduction into compressed sensing. The book is aimed at both graduate students and researchers in the areas of applied mathematics, computer science, and engineering as well as other applied scientists interested in the potential and applications of the novel methodology of compressed sensing. For those readers who are not already familiar with compressed sensing, an introduction to the basics of this theory will be included.

This book proceedings collects a number of papers presented at the International Conference on Sensing and Imaging, which was held at Guangxi University of Science and Technology from October 15-18, 2018. Sensing and imaging is an interdisciplinary field covering a variety of sciences and techniques such as optics, electricity, magnetism, heat, sound, and computing technologies. The field has diverse applications of interest such as image processing techniques.The results in the book bridge the gap between theory and applications, translating techniques into better products. The text will appeal to students, professionals and researchers alike.

Advanced Optical Instruments and Techniques includes twenty-three chapters providing processes, methods, and procedures of cutting-edge optics engineering design and instrumentation. Topics include biomedical instrumentation and basic and advanced interferometry. Optical metrology is discussed, including point and full-field methods. Active and adaptive optics, holography, radiometry, the human eye, and visible light are covered as well as materials, including photonics, nanophotonics, anisotropic materials, and metamaterials.

This book focuses on deep learning-based methods for hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis. Unsupervised spectral-spatial adaptive band-noise factor-based formulation is devised for HSI noise detection and band categorization. The method to characterize the bands along with the noise estimation of HSIs will benefit subsequent remote sensing techniques significantly. This book develops on two fronts: On the one hand, it is aimed at domain professionals who want to have an updated overview of how hyperspectral acquisition techniques can combine with deep learning architectures to solve specific tasks in different application fields. On the other hand, the authors want to target the machine learning and computer vision experts by giving them a picture of how deep learning technologies are applied to hyperspectral data from a multidisciplinary perspective. The presence of these two viewpoints and the inclusion of application fields of remote sensing by deep learning are the original contributions of this review, which also highlights some potentialities and critical issues related to the observed development trends.

Digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques are used for non-contact shape measurement of 3D images. In the rapidly expanding field of 3D high-speed imaging, the demand for DFP continues to grow due to the technology's fast speed, flexibility, low cost, and high accuracy. High-Speed 3D Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques discusses the generation of digital fringe with digital video projection devices, covering a variety of core technical aspects. The book begins by establishing the theoretical foundations of fringe pattern analysis, reviewing various 3D imaging techniques while highlighting the advantages of DFP. The author then: Describes the differences between digital light processing (DLP), liquid crystal display (LCD), and liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) Explains how to unwrap phase maps temporally and spatially Shows how to generate fringe patterns with video projectors Demonstrates how to convert phase to coordinates through system calibrations Provides a detailed example of a built-from-scratch 3D imaging system Incorporating valuable insights gained during the author's 15+ years of 3D imaging research, High-Speed 3D Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques illuminates the pathway to advancement in high-speed 3D optical imaging using DFP.

Transmitting information over optical fibers requires a high degree of signal integrity due to noise levels existing in optical systems. Proper methods and techniques for noise evaluations are critical in achieving high-performance. This book provides a fundamental understanding of noise generation processes in optical communications and photonic signals. It discusses techniques for noise evaluation in optical communication systems, especially digital optical systems, as well as transmission systems performance and noise impacts in photonic processing systems

Modern technology is rapidly developing and for this reason future engineers need to acquire advanced knowledge in science and technology, including electromagnetic phenomena. This book is a contemporary text of a one-semester course for junior electrical engineering students. It covers a broad spectrum of electromagnetic phenomena such as, surface waves, plasmas, photonic crystals, negative refraction as well as related materials including superconductors. In addition, the text brings together electromagnetism and optics as the majority of texts discuss electromagnetism disconnected from optics. In contrast, in this book both are discussed. Seven labs have been developed to accompany the material of the book.

This book describes a unique approach to bring robotic technology into elders' daily lives. Low cost components and low cost robotic assistants are effectively combined to offer high quality services to elders and people in need. The book presents in a comprehensive way how technology can be used for developing a new healthcare paradigm where high quality services are offered at home, thus reducing the ever-increasing hospitalization cost of the elders and the people with chronic diseases.

This book covers emerging trends in signal processing research and biomedical engineering, exploring the ways in which signal processing plays a vital role in applications ranging from medical electronics to data mining of electronic medical records. Topics covered include statistical modeling of electroencephalograph data for predicting or detecting seizure, stroke, or Parkinson's; machine learning methods and their application to biomedical problems, which is often poorly understood, even within the scientific community; signal analysis; medical imaging; and machine learning, data mining, and classification. The book features tutorials and examples of successful applications that will appeal to a wide range of professionals and researchers interested in applications of signal processing, medicine, and biology.

In recent years, there has been increasing activity in the research and design of optical systems based on liquid crystal (LC) science. Bringing together contributions from leading figures in industry and academia, Optical Applications of Liquid Crystals covers the range of existing applications as well as those in development. Unique in its thorough coverage of applications, not just the basic chemistry and physics of liquid crystals, the book begins with the existing applications of liquid crystals, from the ubiquitous LCD through to LC projectors and holography. The remaining chapters discuss more promising technologies in development, including photoaligning, photopatterning, and bistable twisted nematic LCs.

The field of nonlinear optics emerged three decades ago with the development of the first operating laser and the demonstration of frequency doubling phenomena. These milestone discoveries not only generated much interest in laser science, but also set the stage for future work on nonlinear optics. This book presents an excellent overview of the exciting new advances in nonlinear optical (NLO) materials and their applications in emerging photonics technologies. It is the first reference source available to cover every NLO material published through 1995. All theoretical approaches, measurement techniques, materials, technologies, and applications are covered. With more than 1,800 bibliographic citations, 324 figures, 218 tables, and 812 equations, this book is an invaluable reference source for graduate and undergraduate students, researchers, scientists and engineers working in academia and industries in chemistry, solid-state physics, materials science, optical and polymer engineering, and computational science.

This book is designed to introduce typical cleanroom processes, techniques, and their fundamental principles. It is written for the practicing scientist or engineer, with a focus on being able to transition the information from the book to the laboratory. Basic theory such as electromagnetics and electrochemistry is described in as much depth as necessary to understand and explain the current practice and their limitations. Examples from various areas of interest will be covered, such as the fabrication of photonic devices including photo detectors, waveguides, and optical coatings, which are not commonly found in other fabrication texts.

Statistical mechanics: the bane of many a physics student, and traditionally viewed as a long parade of ensembles, partition functions, and partial derivatives. But the subject needn't be arcane. When pared back to its underlying concepts and built from the ground up, statistical mechanics takes on a charm of its own, and sheds light on all manner of physical phenomena. This book presents a straightforward introduction to the key concepts in statistical mechanics, following the popular style of the author's highly successful textbook "Explorations in Mathematical Physics". Offering a clear, conceptual approach to the subject matter, the book presents a treatment that is mathematically complete, while remaining very accessible to undergraduates. It commences by asking: why does an ink drop spread out in a bathtub of water? This showcases the importance of counting configurations, which leads naturally to ideas of microstates, energy, entropy, thermodynamics, and physical chemistry. With this foundation, the Boltzmann distribution writes itself in its fullest form, and this opens the door to the Maxwell distribution and related areas of thermal conductivity and viscosity. Quantum ideas then appear: bosons via Einstein's and Debye's theories of heat capacity, and fermions via electrical conduction and low-temperature heat capacity of metals. The text ends with a detailed derivation of blackbody radiation, and uses this to discuss the greenhouse effect, lasers, and cosmology. Suitable for use with core undergraduate courses in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, this book concentrates on using solid mathematics, while avoiding cumbersome notation. All the necessary mathematical steps are included in the body of the text and in the worked examples. Reviews of Explorations in Mathematical Physics by Don Koks, 2006 "With enjoyable and sometimes surprising excursions along the way, the journey provides a fresh look at many familiar topics, as it takes us from basic linear mathematics to general relativity... look forward to having your geometric intuition nourished and expanded by the author's intelligent commentaries." (Eugen Merzbacher, University of North Carolina) "... an interesting supplement to standard texts for teaching mathematical methods in physics, as it will add alternative views that could serve as additional material." (S. Marcelja, Australian Journal of Physics) "... a tour through the main ideas forming the language of modern mathematical physics ...it is a difficult task for the author to decide what is a good balance between the topics and their presentation, but in this case it has been achieved. ...for those physicists who would like to be exposed to clear motivation and careful explanation of the basics of the present-day apparatus of mathematical physics." (Ivailo Mladenov, Mathematical Reviews).

This book provides readers with the necessary background information and advanced concepts in the field of circuits, at the crossroads between physics, mathematics and system theory. It covers various engineering subfields, such as electrical devices and circuits, and their electronic counterparts. Based on the idea that a modern university course should provide students with conceptual tools to understand the behavior of both linear and nonlinear circuits, to approach current problems posed by new, cutting-edge devices and to address future developments and challenges, the book places equal emphasis on linear and nonlinear, two-terminal and multi-terminal, as well as active and passive circuit components. The theory is developed systematically, starting with the simplest circuits (linear, time-invariant and resistive) and providing food for thought on nonlinear circuits, potential functions, linear algebra and geometrical interpretations of selected results. Contents are organized into a set of first-level and a set of advanced-level topics. The book is rich in examples and includes numerous solved problems. Further topics, such as signal processing and modeling of non-electric physical phenomena (e.g., hysteresis or biological oscillators) will be discussed in volume 2.

The book proposed to the readers' attention represents an attempt to state and systematize extensive material of our experimental and theoretical investigations of heteromagnetic interactions in ferrite semiconductor structures of the active type carried out at the department of general physics, Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevskiyandin the Design of ceof critical technologies(DO CT) of SRI-Tantal Corp. of the Holding company "Tantal" in recent years. The novelty and complexity of the physical phenomena determined the high-technologychar- ter ofourinvestigationsat the jointof someleads- semiconductormicroelectronics, microcircuitry, radio engineering, radiophysics, physics of magnetic phenomena, magnetoelectronics. Accumulation of extensive theoretical and experimental material on mag- toelectronics of the microwave and EHF-ranges, investigations on bigyrotropic microelectronics in ferrite lms and structures on their basis, decisive experiments con rming the multifunctionality of interactions in ferrite semiconductor structures of the active type have determined the new lead being promising. The results of our physical investigations of multifunctional, multiparametric interactions in ferrite semiconductorstructures of the active type - (oscillators, c- verters, ampli ers, frequencysynthesizers, and sensors) in the radio-wave range are discussed in the book. Performance of such a great volume of investigations became possible by jo- ing the efforts of leading experts and scientists of Saratov State University, leading industrial enterprises of Russia in the spheres of semiconductor microelectr- ics manufacturing, development of microcontrollers, radioelectronic systems, and ferrites.

For one-semester, undergraduate-level courses in Optoelectronics and Photonics, in the departments of electrical engineering, engineering physics, and materials science and engineering. This text takes a fresh look at the enormous developments in electo-optic devices and associated materials-such as Pockels (Lithium Niobate) modulators.

This book explores various applications of deep learning to the diagnosis of cancer,while also outlining the future face of deep learning-assisted cancer diagnostics. As is commonly known, artificial intelligence has paved the way for countless new solutions in the field of medicine. In this context, deep learning is a recent and remarkable sub-field, which can effectively cope with huge amounts of data and deliver more accurate results. As a vital research area, medical diagnosis is among those in which deep learning-oriented solutions are often employed. Accordingly, the objective of this book is to highlight recent advanced applications of deep learning for diagnosing different types of cancer. The target audience includes scientists, experts, MSc and PhD students, postdocs, and anyone interested in the subjects discussed. The book can be used as a reference work to support courses on artificial intelligence, medical and biomedicaleducation.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) uses one or more in situ sensing systems placed in or around a structure, providing real-time evaluation of its performance and ultimately preventing structural failure. Although most commonly used in civil engineering, such as in roads, bridges, and dams, SHM is now finding applications in other engineering environments, such as naval and aerospace engineering. Written by a highly respected expert in the field, Structural Sensing, Health Monitoring, and Performance Evaluation provides the first comprehensive coverage of SHM. The text begins with a review of the various types of sensors currently used in SHM, including point sensors and noncontact systems. Subsequent chapters explain the processing and interpretation of data from a number of sensors working in parallel. After considering issues related to the structures themselves, the author surveys the design of a tailor-made SHM system. He also presents a collection of case studies, many of which are drawn from his own experiences. Exploring the power of sensors, this book shows how SHM technologies can be applied to a variety of structures and systems, including multistory buildings, offshore wind energy plants, and ecological systems.

This textbook provides engineering students with instruction on processing signals encountered in speech, music, and wireless communications using software or hardware by employing basic mathematical methods. The book starts with an overview of signal processing, introducing readers to the field. It goes on to give instruction in converting continuous time signals into digital signals and discusses various methods to process the digital signals, such as filtering. The author uses MATLAB throughout as a user-friendly software tool to perform various digital signal processing algorithms and to simulate real-time systems. Readers learn how to convert analog signals into digital signals; how to process these signals using software or hardware; and how to write algorithms to perform useful operations on the acquired signals such as filtering, detecting digitally modulated signals, correcting channel distortions, etc. Students are also shown how to convert MATLAB codes into firmware codes. Further, students will be able to apply the basic digital signal processing techniques in their workplace. The book is based on the author's popular online course at University of California, San Diego.

The technical development of optical tweezers, along with their application in the biological and physical sciences, has progressed significantly since the demonstration of an optical trap for micron-sized particles based on a single, tightly focused laser beam was first reported more than twenty years ago. Bringing together many landmark papers on the field, Optical Tweezers: Methods and Applications covers the techniques and uses of optical tweezers. Each section is introduced by a brief commentary, setting the papers into their historical and contemporary contexts. The first two sections explore the pioneering work of Arthur Ashkin and the use of optical tweezers in biological systems. The book then discusses the extensive use of optical tweezers for the measurement of picoNewton forces and examines various approaches for modeling forces within optical tweezers. The next parts explain how optical tweezers are used in colloid science, how to convert optical tweezers into optical spanners, and how spatial light modulators create holographic tweezers. The book concludes with a section on emerging applications of optical tweezers in microfluidic systems. With contributions from some of the best in the field, this compendium presents important historical and current developments of optical tweezers in a range of scientific areas, from the manipulation of bacteria to the treatment of DNA.

This is the first volume in a trilogy on modern Signal Processing. The three books provide a concise exposition of signal processing topics, and a guide to support individual practical exploration based on MATLAB programs. This book includes MATLAB codes to illustrate each of the main steps of the theory, offering a self-contained guide suitable for independent study. The code is embedded in the text, helping readers to put into practice the ideas and methods discussed. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which introduces readers to periodic and non-periodic signals. The second part is devoted to filtering, which is an important and commonly used application. The third part addresses more advanced topics, including the analysis of real-world non-stationary signals and data, e.g. structural fatigue, earthquakes, electro-encephalograms, birdsong, etc. The book's last chapter focuses on modulation, an example of the intentional use of non-stationary signals.

This book introduces readers to essential tools for the measurement and analysis of information loss in signal processing systems. Employing a new information-theoretic systems theory, the book analyzes various systems in the signal processing engineer's toolbox: polynomials, quantizers, rectifiers, linear filters with and without quantization effects, principal components analysis, multirate systems, etc. The user benefit of signal processing is further highlighted with the concept of relevant information loss. Signal or data processing operates on the physical representation of information so that users can easily access and extract that information. However, a fundamental theorem in information theory-data processing inequality-states that deterministic processing always involves information loss. These measures form the basis of a new information-theoretic systems theory, which complements the currently prevailing approaches based on second-order statistics, such as the mean-squared error or error energy. This theory not only provides a deeper understanding but also extends the design space for the applied engineer with a wide range of methods rooted in information theory, adding to existing methods based on energy or quadratic representations.