This title provides a comprehensive, unified tutorial covering the most recent advances in the emerging technology of free-space optics (FSO), a field in which interest and attention continue to grow along with the number of new challenges. This book is intended as an all-inclusive source to serve the needs of those who require information about the fundamentals of FSO, as well as up-to-date advanced knowledge of the state-of-the-art in the technologies available today. This text is intended for graduate students, and will also be useful for research scientists and engineers with an interest in the field. FSO communication is a practical solution for creating a three dimensional global broadband communications grid, offering bandwidths far beyond what is possible in the Radio Frequency (RF) range. However, the attributes of atmospheric turbulence and scattering impose perennial limitations on availability and reliability of FSO links. From a systems point-of-view, this groundbreaking book provides a thorough understanding of channel behavior, which can be used to design and evaluate optimum transmission techniques that operate under realistic atmospheric conditions. Topics addressed include: * FSO Physical and Statistical Models: Single/Multiple Inputs/Outputs * Understanding FSO: Theory and Systems Analysis * Modulation and Coding for Free-Space Optical Channels * Atmospheric Mitigation and Compensation for FSO Links * Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) Ultraviolet and Indoor FSO Communications * FSO Platforms: UAV and Mobile * Retromodulators for Free Space Data links * Hybrid Optical RF Communications * Free-space and Atmospheric Quantum Communications * Other related topics: Chaos-based and Terahertz (THz) FSO Communications

This book first details a proposed Stationary Bionic Wavelet Transform (SBWT) for use in speech processing. The author then details the proposed techniques based on SBWT. These techniques are relevant to speech enhancement, speech recognition, and ECG de-noising. The techniques are then evaluated by comparing them to a number of methods existing in literature. For evaluating the proposed techniques, results are applied to different speech and ECG signals and their performances are justified from the results obtained from using objective criterion such as SNR, SSNR, PSNR, PESQ , MAE, MSE and more.

The development of new sources and methods in the terahertz spectral range has generated intense interest in terahertz spectroscopy and its application in an array of fields. Presenting state-of-the-art terahertz spectroscopic techniques, Terahertz Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications focuses on time-domain methods based on femtosecond laser sources and important recent applications in physics, materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine. The first section of the book examines instrumentation and methods for terahertz spectroscopy. It provides a comprehensive treatment of time-domain terahertz spectroscopic measurements, including methods for the generation and detection of terahertz radiation, methods for determining optical constants from time-domain measurements, and the use of femtosecond time-resolved techniques. The last two sections explore a variety of applications of terahertz spectroscopy in physics, materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine. With chapters contributed by leading experts in academia, industry, and research, this volume thoroughly discusses methods and applications, setting it apart from other recent books in this emerging terahertz field.

This reference tutorial contains modern experimental approaches to analysis of strain-stress distribution based on interference-optical methods of registration of strain or displacement fields, including coherent-optical techniques (holographic interferometry, speckle photography, electronic digital speckle interferometry techniques) and photoelastic methods as well as the shadow optical method of caustic. The book describes the theory, efficient scope of application in the every-day practice and the problems of further development of these techniques. Much attention is paid to new and promising advanced developments in the field of observation and computational methods for study of residual stress, determination of fracture mechanics parameters and material deformation characteristics. The content corresponds to the course of lectures delivered by the author at the N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University. It is intended for technical university students, research engineers and postgraduate students who are doing analysis of strain-stress state and strength of structural elements.

Due to its central role in modern communications technologies, photonics--or optical electronics--has evolved dynamically over the last ten years. Photonics by Amnon Yariv and Pochi Yeh is extensively revised and updated to keep pace with this unprecedented development. Now more tailored to optical communication, the sixth edition integrates material on generating and manipulating optical radiation and designing photonic components for the transmission of information. It also presents a broader theoretical underpinning and more explanations of mathematical derivations than the previous edition.
The text describes the basic physics and principles of operation of major photonic components in optical communications and electronics. These components include optical resonators, various lasers, waveguides, optical fibers, gratings, and photonic crystals. photonics, Sixth Edition, also covers the transmission, modulation, amplification, and detection of optical beams in optical networks, as well as nonlinear optical effects in fibers. It assumes a background in electromagnetic theory, Maxwell's equations, and electromagnetic wave propagation.
Including numerous examples throughout, Photonics, Sixth Edition, is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in photonics, optoelectronics, or optical communications. It is also a useful reference for practicing engineers and scientists.
New Material in the Sixth Edition
Stokes Parameters and Poincare Sphere: polarization states in birefringent optical networks, principal states of polarization
Fermat's Principle: rays, beam propagation, and the Fresnel diffraction integral
Matrix Formulation: wave propagation inmulti-cavity etalons, multi-layer structures, mode coupling, and supermodes in mode-locked lasers
Dispersion: chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in fibers and their compensation
Coupled Resonators Optical Waveguides (CROWs): matrix formulation, critical coupling and dispersion relation
Nonlinear Optical Effects in Fibers: self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), optical four-wave mixing, and spectral reversal (phase conjugation)
Electroabsorption: waveguide electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulators
Photonic Crystals: Bloch wave formulation, photonic bands, photonic bandgaps, periodic layered media, fiber Bragg gratings, and Bragg reflection waveguides
Optical Amplifiers: SOA, EDFA, and Raman

Blind image deconvolution is constantly receiving increasing attention from the academic as well the industrial world due to both its theoretical and practical implications. The field of blind image deconvolution has several applications in different areas such as image restoration, microscopy, medical imaging, biological imaging, remote sensing, astronomy, nondestructive testing, geophysical prospecting, and many others. Blind Image Deconvolution: Theory and Applications surveys the current state of research and practice as presented by the most recognized experts in the field, thus filling a gap in the available literature on blind image deconvolution. Explore the gamut of blind image deconvolution approaches and algorithms that currently exist and follow the current research trends into the future. This comprehensive treatise discusses Bayesian techniques, single- and multi-channel methods, adaptive and multi-frame techniques, and a host of applications to multimedia processing, astronomy, remote sensing imagery, and medical and biological imaging at the whole-body, small-part, and cellular levels. Everything you need to step into this dynamic field is at your fingertips in this unique, self-contained masterwork. For image enhancement and restoration without a priori information, turn to Blind Image Deconvolution: Theory and Applications for the knowledge and techniques you need to tackle real-world problems.

This third volume in the series represents the Proceedings of the 3rd International Nanophotonics Symposium, July 6-8, 2006, Icho-Kaikan, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. Over a two-day symposium, distinguished scientists from around the world convened to discuss the latest progress in this field and the conclusions have been summarised in Nano Biophotonics: Science and Technology. The contents of this book have been compiled by invited lecturers, research members of the relevant projects/program, and some of general participants. The book has 27 chapters which are classified into 4 parts; nano bio-spectroscopy, nano bio-dynamics, nano bio-processing, and nano bio-devices.
* Bridges the gap between conventional photophysics & photochemistry and nanoscience
* Continuing the series that focuses on 'hot' areas of photochemistry, optics, material science and bioscience

This book brings together geometric tools and their applications for Information analysis. It collects current and many uses of in the interdisciplinary fields of Information Geometry Manifolds in Advanced Signal, Image & Video Processing, Complex Data Modeling and Analysis, Information Ranking and Retrieval, Coding, Cognitive Systems, Optimal Control, Statistics on Manifolds, Machine Learning, Speech/sound recognition and natural language treatment which are also substantially relevant for the industry.

A detailed and timely overview of recent developments in active quasi-optical arrays

In recent years, active quasi-optics has emerged as one of the most dynamic fields of contemporary research—a highly unconventional approach to microwave and millimeter-wave power generation that integrates solid-state devices into a single quasi-optical component in which all devices operate in unison. This book defines and describes active quasi-optical arrays, reviews the current state of the art, and answers numerous basic and technical questions on the design, analysis, and application of these devices.

The contributors to this volume are leading researchers in the field who present results and views from government, industrial, and university laboratories and offer a balanced discussion on a high technical level. They also offer insight into the applicability and commercial value of this technology for military systems, manufacturing processes, communications, and consumer products. Topics presented include:

• Analysis and design methodologies for quasi-optical active arrays
• Power-added and power-combining efficiencies of quasi-optical amplifier arrays
• Phase-shifterless beam steering in oscillator and amplifier arrays
• Integrating quasi-optical active components into a compact subsystem
• Design and fabrication of quasi-optical oscillators, amplifiers, multipliers, and tuners
• Characterization and measurement of quasi-optical components

This book presents the latest knowledge of the newly discovered Earth-like exoplanets and reviews improvements in both radio and optical SETI. A key aim is to stimulate fresh discussion on algorithms that will be of high value in this extremely complicated search. Exoplanets resembling Earth could well be able to sustain life and support the evolution of technological civilizations, but to date, all searches for such life forms have proved fruitless. The failings of SETI observations are well recognized, and a new search approach is necessary. In this book, different detection algorithms that exploit state-of-the-art, low-cost, and extremely fast multiprocessors are examined and compared. Novel methods such as the agnostic entropy and high-sensitivity blind signal extraction algorithms should represent a quantum leap forward in SETI. The book is of interest to all researchers in the field and hopefully stimulates significant progress in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

This second volume in the Handai Nanophotonics book series covers the area of Nanoplasmonics, a recent hot topic in the field of nanophotonics, impacting a diverse range of research disciplines from information technology and nanotechnology to the bio- and medical sciences. The interaction between photons and metal nanostructures leads to interesting and extraordinary scientific phenomena and produces new functions for nano materials and devices. Newly discovered physical phenomena include local mode of surface plasmon polariton excited in nanoparticles, hot spots on nano-rods and nano-cones, long range mode of surface plasmons excited on thin metal films, and dispersion relationship bandgaps of surface plasmons in periodic metal structures. These have been applied to, for example, single molecule detection and nano-imaging/spectroscopy, photon accumulation for lasing applications, optical nano-waveguides and nano-circuits.
* interdisciplinary research text on the application of nanoplasmonics research and effects in devices for applications
* bridges the gap between conventional photophysics & photochemistry and nanoscience
* continuing the series that focuses on 'hot' areas of photochemistry, optics, material science and bioscience.

This work combines interdisciplinary knowledge and experience from research fields of psychology, linguistics, audio-processing, machine learning, and computer science. The work systematically explores a novel research topic devoted to automated modeling of personality expression from speech. For this aim, it introduces a novel personality assessment questionnaire and presents the results of extensive labeling sessions to annotate the speech data with personality assessments. It provides estimates of the Big 5 personality traits, i.e. openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Based on a database built on the questionnaire, the book presents models to tell apart different personality types or classes from speech automatically.

This book serves as an easily accessible reference for wireless digital communication systems. Topics are presented with simple but non-trivial examples and then elaborated with their variations and sophistications. The book includes numerous examples and exercises to illustrate key points. For this new edition, a set of problems at the end of each chapter is added, for a total of 298 problems. The book emphasizes both practical problem solving and a thorough understanding of fundamentals, aiming to realize the complementary relationship between practice and theory. Though the author emphasizes wireless radio channels, the fundamentals that are covered here are useful to different channels - digital subscriber line, coax, power lines, optical fibers, and even Gigabit serial connections. The material in chapters 5 (OFDM), 6 (Channel coding), 7 (Synchronization), and 8 (Transceivers) contains new and updated information, not explicitly available in typical textbooks, and useful in practice. For example, in chapter 5, all known orthogonal frequency division multiplex signals are derived from its digitized analog FDM counterparts. Thus, it is flexible to have different pulse shape for subcarriers, and it can be serial transmission as well as block transmission. Currently predominant cyclic prefix based OFDM is a block transmission using rectangular pulse in time domain. This flexibility may be useful in certain applications. For additional information, consult the book support website: https://baycorewireless.com

Colloidal nanocrystals show much promise as an optoelectronics architecture due to facile control over electronic properties afforded by chemical control of size, shape, and heterostructure. Unfortunately, realizing practical devices has been forestalled by the ubiquitous presence of charge "trap" states which compete with band-edge excitons and result in limited device efficiencies. Little is known about the defining characteristics of these traps, making engineered strategies for their removal difficult. This thesis outlines pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance as a powerful spectroscopy of the chemical and electronic nature of these deleterious states. Counterintuitive for such heavy atom materials, some trap species possess very long spin coherence lifetimes (up to 1.6 s). This quality allows use of the trapped charge's magnetic moment as a local probe of the trap state itself and its local environment. Beyond state characterization, this spectroscopy can demonstrate novel effects in heterostructured nanocrystals, such as spatially-remote readout of spin information and the coherent control of light harvesting yield.

This book outlines, with the help of several specific examples, the important role played by absorption spectroscopy in the investigation of deep-level centers introduced in semiconductors and insulators like diamond, silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide by high-energy irradiation, residual impurities, and defects produced during crystal growth. It also describes the crucial role played by vibrational spectroscopy to determine the atomic structure and symmetry of complexes associated with light impurities like hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, and as a tool for quantitative analysis of these elements in the materials.

Introduction to Visual Computing: Core Concepts in Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing covers the fundamental concepts of visual computing. Whereas past books have treated these concepts within the context of specific fields such as computer graphics, computer vision or image processing, this book offers a unified view of these core concepts, thereby providing a unified treatment of computational and mathematical methods for creating, capturing, analyzing and manipulating visual data (e.g. 2D images, 3D models). Fundamentals covered in the book include convolution, Fourier transform, filters, geometric transformations, epipolar geometry, 3D reconstruction, color and the image synthesis pipeline. The book is organized in four parts. The first part provides an exposure to different kinds of visual data (e.g. 2D images, videos and 3D geometry) and the core mathematical techniques that are required for their processing (e.g. interpolation and linear regression.) The second part of the book on Image Based Visual Computing deals with several fundamental techniques to process 2D images (e.g. convolution, spectral analysis and feature detection) and corresponds to the low level retinal image processing that happens in the eye in the human visual system pathway. The next part of the book on Geometric Visual Computing deals with the fundamental techniques used to combine the geometric information from multiple eyes creating a 3D interpretation of the object and world around us (e.g. transformations, projective and epipolar geometry, and 3D reconstruction). This corresponds to the higher level processing that happens in the brain combining information from both the eyes thereby helping us to navigate through the 3D world around us. The last two parts of the book cover Radiometric Visual Computing and Visual Content Synthesis. These parts focus on the fundamental techniques for processing information arising from the interaction of light with objects around us, as well as the fundamentals of creating virtual computer generated worlds that mimic all the processing presented in the prior sections. The book is written for a 16 week long semester course and can be used for both undergraduate and graduate teaching, as well as a reference for professionals.

The present book contains an excellent overview of the status and highlights of brilliant light facilities and their applications in biology, chemistry, medicine, material and environmental sciences. Overview papers on diverse fields of research by leading experts are accompanied by the highlights in the near and long-term perspectives of brilliant X-Ray photon beam usage for fundamental and applied research. The book includes advanced topics in the fields of high brightness photon beams, instrumentation, the spectroscopy, microscopy, scattering and imaging experimental techniques and their applications. The book is strongly recommended for students, engineers and scientists in the field of accelerator physics, X-ray optics and instrumentation, life, materials and environmental sciences, bio and nanotechnology.

This thesis presents a theoretical and experimental approach for the rapid fabrication, optimization and testing of holographic sensors for the quantification of pH, organic solvents, metal cations, and glucose in solutions. Developing non-invasive and reusable diagnostics sensors that can be easily manufactured will support the monitoring of high-risk individuals in any clinical or point-of-care setting. Sensor fabrication approaches outlined include silver-halide chemistry, laser ablation and photopolymerization. The sensors employ off-axis Bragg diffraction gratings of ordered silver nanoparticles and localized refractive index changes in poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and polyacrylamide films. The sensors exhibited reversible Bragg peak shifts, and diffracted the spectrum of narrow-band light over the wavelength range peak 495-1100 nm. Clinical trials of glucose sensors in the urine samples of diabetic patients demonstrated that they offer superior performance compared to commercial high-throughput urinalysis devices. Lastly, a generic smartphone application to quantify colorimetric tests was developed and tested for both Android and iOS operating systems. The sensing platform and smartphone application may have implications for the development of low-cost, reusable and equipment-free point-of-care diagnostic devices.

Digital image sequences (including digital video) are increasingly common and important components in technical applications ranging from medical imaging and multimedia communications to autonomous vehicle navigation. The immense popularity of DVD video and the introduction of digital television make digital video ubiquitous in the consumer domain. Digital Image Sequence Processing, Compression, and Analysis provides an overview of the current state of the field, as analyzed by leading researchers. An invaluable resource for planning and conducting research in this area, the book conveys a unified view of potential directions for further industrial development. It offers an in-depth treatment of the latest perspectives on processing, compression, and analysis of digital image sequences. Research involving digital image sequences remains extremely active. The advent of economical sequence acquisition, storage, and display devices, together with the availability of computing power, opens new areas of opportunity. This volume delivers the background necessary to understand the strengths and weaknesses of current techniques and the directions that consumer and technical applications may take over the coming decade.

High Performance Silicon Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications of CMOS and CCD Sensors, Second Edition, covers the fundamentals of silicon image sensors, addressing existing performance issues and current and emerging solutions. Silicon imaging is a fast growing area of the semiconductor industry. Its use in cell phone cameras is already well established, with emerging applications including web, security, automotive and digital cinema cameras. The book has been revised to reflect the latest state-of-the art developments in the field, including 3D imaging, advances in achieving lower signal noise, and new applications for consumer markets. The fundamentals section has also been expanded to include a chapter on the characterization and testing of CMOS and CCD sensors that is crucial to the success of new applications. This book is an excellent resource for both academics and engineers working in the optics, photonics, semiconductor and electronics industries.

Focusing on polarization matrix optics in many forms, this book includes coverage of a wide range of methods which have been applied to LCD modeling, ranging from the simple Jones matrix method to elaborate and high accuracy algorithms suitable for off-axis optics. Researchers and scientists are constantly striving for improved performance, faster response times, wide viewing angles, improved colour in liquid crystal display development, and with this comes the need to model LCD devices effectively. The authors have significant experience in dealing with the problems related to the practical application of liquid crystals, in particular their optical performance. Key features: * Explores analytical solutions and approximations to important cases in the matrix treatment of different LC layer configurations, and the application of these results to improve the computational method * Provides the analysis of accuracies of the different approaches discussed in the book * Explains the development of the Eigenwave Jones matrix method which offers a path to improved accuracy compared to Jones matrix and extended Jones matrix formalisms, while achieving significant improvement in computational speed and versatility compared to full 4x4 matrix methods * Includes a companion website hosting the authors' program library LMOPTICS (FORTRAN 90), a collection of routines for calculating the optical characteristics of stratified media, the use of which allows for the easy implementation of the methods described in this book. The website also contains a set of sample programs (source codes) using LMOPTICS, which exemplify the application of these methods in different situations

This book gathers outstanding research papers presented at the International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence (IJCCI 2019), held at the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB), Dhaka, on 25-26 October 2019 and jointly organized by the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB), Bangladesh; Jahangirnagar University (JU), Bangladesh; and South Asian University (SAU), India. These proceedings present novel contributions in the areas of computational intelligence, and offer valuable reference material for advanced research. The topics covered include collective intelligence, soft computing, optimization, cloud computing, machine learning, intelligent software, robotics, data science, data security, big data analytics, and signal and natural language processing.

Rectenna Solar Cells discusses antenna-coupled diode solar cells, an emerging technology that has the potential to provide ultra-high efficiency, low-cost solar energy conversion. This book will provide an overview of solar rectennas, and provide thorough descriptions of the two main components: the diode, and the optical antenna. The editors discuss the science, design, modeling, and manufacturing of the antennas coupled with the diodes. The book will provide concepts to understanding the challenges, fabrication technologies, and materials required to develop rectenna structures. Written by experts in their specialized fields.

For years scientists turned to the CRC Handbook of Laser Science & Technology for reliable data on optical materials. Out of print for several years, that standard-setting work now has a successor: the Handbook of Optical Materials.

This new handbook is an authoritative compilation of the physical properties of materials used in all types of lasers and optical systems. In it, scientist, author, and editor Dr. Marvin J. Weber provides extensive data tabulations and references for the most important optical materials, including crystals, glasses, polymers, metals, liquids, and gases. The properties detailed include both linear and nonlinear optical properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties together with many additional special properties, such as electro-, magneto-, and elasto-optic properties.

Using a minimum of narration and logically organized by material properties, the handbook's unique presentation simplifies the process of comparing different materials for their suitability in particular applications. Appendices furnish a wealth of other useful information, including lists of the many abbreviations and acronyms that proliferate in this field. The Handbook of Optical Materials is simply the most complete one-stop source available for materials data essential to lasers and optical systems.

This volume contains five articles presenting reviews of several topics of current research which are likely to be of interest to optical scientists and optical engineers. The first article, by J. Ohtsubo, deals with the dynamics of feedback-induced instability and chaos. The characteristics of semiconductor lasers based on the rate equations, including various laser structures, are reviewed and the effects of optical feedback in semiconductor lasers are then discussed. the general area of the nonlinear interaction of ultrafast pulses with optical and photonic crystal fibres are discussed. In particular, ultrafast pulse measurements, pulse shaping and pulse control are discussed. transient optical phenomena that take place in the spatial-temporal dynamics of ultrashort pulses. The interplay of diffractive and dispersive phenomena is examined. They include coupled processes of amplitude and phase reshaping, spectral variations and polarity reversal for different types of light pulses. Reflection and refraction effects that take place at the interface between media with time-dependent dielectric susceptibilities are also discussed. principles of optical coherence tomography (OCT). This is a relatively new discipline with important potential applications in macropscopic, microscopic and endoscopic imaging. The article begins with a brief summary of the field and then describes various OCT interferometer configurations and discusses basic sample signal extraction techiques. The article also covers subjects such as contrast generation techniques, resolution, signal processing techiques for image display, image enhancement, speckle suppression and OCT detection sensitivity. A description of optical delay lines used in OCT is also presented. concerned with modulation instability (MI) of electromagnetic waves in inhomogeneous and in discrete media. The article pays special attention to the MI of electromagnetic waves in nonlinear optical fibres with periodic amplification, dispersion and birefringence. The MI in random media is also covered. Other topics discussed in this article are discrete nonlinear systems with cubic, quadratic and vectorial interactions and nonlinear optical systems such as tunnel-coupled filters. Some of the readers may note that authors from six different countries have contributed to this volume, thus helping to maintain the international character of this series.