This book focuses on soft computing and how it can be applied to solve real-world problems arising in various domains, ranging from medicine and healthcare, to supply chain management, image processing, and cryptanalysis. It gathers high-quality papers presented at the International Conference on Soft Computing: Theories and Applications (SoCTA 2021), organized online. The book offers valuable insights into soft computing for teachers and researchers alike; the book will inspire further research in this dynamic field.

Based on a popular article in "Laser and Photonics Reviews," this book provides an explanation and overview of the techniques used to model, make, and measure metal nanoparticles, detailing results obtained and what they mean. It covers the properties of coupled metal nanoparticles, the nonlinear optical response of metal nanoparticles, and the phenomena that arise when light-emitting materials are coupled to metal nanoparticles. It also provides an overview of key potential applications and offers explanations of computational and experimental techniques giving readers a solid grounding in the field.

This book provides a broad overview of photonic crystals and, as the title suggests, covers their principles and applications. It is written from a physics point of view with an emphasis on materials science. Equations are well explained and often completely avoided to increase the readability of the book. The book is divided into eight chapters, starting with a brief introduction. The second chapter deals with different dimensionalities of the photonic crystals and their properties. The third chapter is very interestingly written and provides a survey of the various synthesis methods used for production of photonic crystals, including chemical routes, lithography, and self-assembly of colloidal photonic crystals. Chapters 4-8 constitute the bulk of the book and provide examples of applications of these photonic crystals. Chapter 4 offers a good explanation of optical switching. Bandgap and defect mode switching are also brought into focus along with many other mechanisms-14 different switching mechanisms in all, including thermal, electro, and magneto switching. Frequency tuning of photonic crystal filters with special attention to nanosize photonic crystals is illustrated, providing a direct perspective on applications of these materials in integrated photonic circuits. The transition from chapter 5 to 6 dealing with photonic crystal lasers is smooth, especially after a clear description of frequency tuning. Here, one- to three-dimensional photonic lasers are explained along with laser oscillations produced by a variety of microcavity methods. Metallodielectric and liquid-crystal photonic lasers are equally well illustrated. Chapter 7 introduces logic devices based on photonic crystals. This chapter clearly explains, with the help of simple illustrations, how to obtain AND, OR, and XOR logic gates. Chapter 8 concludes the book by presenting possible applications, including gas, chemical, fluid, and cell sensing; their workings are very well described from a fundamental point of view. The diagrams and illustrations are appropriate and eye catching. There are ample references; thus readers are able to find more detailed information to satisfy their curiosity if the book does not suffice. Even though the introduction provides basics of these photonic crystals, I do get the impression that the bigger picture is missing. A nonexpert may not understand the direct application of such materials right from the beginning of the book. A flowchart or a diagram of these photonic crystals, illustrating applications in daily life at the beginning of the book, could attract a broader readership. In this regard, I believe that this book is most adapted to physicists with a materials science background or vice versa. However, one should take into consideration that the principles of photonic crystals cannot be explained without physics, and therefore the quality of this book remains intact and could very well serve as a textbook for future physicists.

Digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques are used for non-contact shape measurement of 3D images. In the rapidly expanding field of 3D high-speed imaging, the demand for DFP continues to grow due to the technology's fast speed, flexibility, low cost, and high accuracy. High-Speed 3D Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques discusses the generation of digital fringe with digital video projection devices, covering a variety of core technical aspects. The book begins by establishing the theoretical foundations of fringe pattern analysis, reviewing various 3D imaging techniques while highlighting the advantages of DFP. The author then: Describes the differences between digital light processing (DLP), liquid crystal display (LCD), and liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) Explains how to unwrap phase maps temporally and spatially Shows how to generate fringe patterns with video projectors Demonstrates how to convert phase to coordinates through system calibrations Provides a detailed example of a built-from-scratch 3D imaging system Incorporating valuable insights gained during the author's 15+ years of 3D imaging research, High-Speed 3D Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques illuminates the pathway to advancement in high-speed 3D optical imaging using DFP.

Object detection, tracking and recognition in images are key problems in computer vision. This book provides the reader with a balanced treatment between the theory and practice of selected methods in these areas to make the book accessible to a range of researchers, engineers, developers and postgraduate students working in computer vision and related fields. Key features: * Explains the main theoretical ideas behind each method (which are augmented with a rigorous mathematical derivation of the formulas), their implementation (in C++) and demonstrated working in real applications. * Places an emphasis on tensor and statistical based approaches within object detection and recognition. * Provides an overview of image clustering and classification methods which includes subspace and kernel based processing, mean shift and Kalman filter, neural networks, and k-means methods. * Contains numerous case study examples of mainly automotive applications. * Includes a companion website hosting full C++ implementation, of topics presented in the book as a software library, and an accompanying manual to the software platform.

Ultra-high resolution holograms are now finding commercial and industrial applications in such areas as holographic maps, 3D medical imaging, and consumer devices. Ultra-Realistic Imaging: Advanced Techniques in Analogue and Digital Colour Holography brings together a comprehensive discussion of key methods that enable holography to be used as a technique of ultra-realistic imaging.

After a historical review of progress in holography, the book:

• Discusses CW recording lasers, pulsed holography lasers, and reviews optical designs for many of the principal laser types with emphasis on attaining the parameters necessary for digital and analogue holography
• Gives a full review of current photosensitive materials for colour holography
• Covers modern methods of analogue holography and digital holographic printing
• Introduces mathematical and geometrical notation for horizontal parallax-only holograms and practical computational algorithms for the full-parallax case
• Reviews systems and the image processing algorithms required to convert the raw image data to the format required by digital printers
• Develops the physical theory of the holographic grating and the hologram
• Provides an up-to-date review of illumination sources, including LED and laser diode sources

Written by leaders in dynamic holography, this handbook provides complete coverage of real-time colour holographic processes, including applications. The book covers not only the optics and theory behind such holographic systems, but also laser technologies, recording devices, data acquisition and processing techniques, materials for reproduction, and current and developing applications.

Presents a key overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, engineering and fabrication of carbon quantum dots for sustainable technologies

Lanthanide Doped Aluminate Phosphors: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications overviews advances in research on aluminate-based long persistent phosphors and their applications in lighting, display, radiation dosimetry and imaging. The book reviews the most important categories of rare earth aluminate-based phosphors, including aluminosilicates and aluminoborates. This category of material is attractive for a wide range of applications because of their high quantum efficiency, long afterglow life, chemical stability and optical properties, which is discussed throughout. Optical properties, in particular, are emphasized in the book along with the relationship of the chemical composition and doping of these materials and their optical performance. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners working in academia and research and development in industry in the disciplines of materials science and engineering, chemistry and physics.

Advances in Mapping from Remote Sensor Imagery: Techniques and Applications reviews some of the latest developments in remote sensing and information extraction techniques applicable to topographic and thematic mapping. Providing an interdisciplinary perspective, leading experts from around the world have contributed chapters examining state-of-the-art techniques as well as widely used methods.
The book covers a broad range of topics including photogrammetric mapping and LiDAR remote sensing for generating high quality topographic products, global digital elevation models, current methods for shoreline mapping, and the identification and classification of residential buildings. Contributors also showcase cutting-edge developments for environmental and ecological mapping, including assessment of urbanization patterns, mapping vegetation cover, monitoring invasive species, and mapping marine oil spills crucial for monitoring this significant environmental hazard.

The authors exemplify the information presented in this text with case studies from around the world. Examples include:

• Envisat/ERS-2 images used to generate digital elevation models over northern Alaska
• In situ radiometric observations and MERIS images employed to retrieve chlorophyll a concentration in inland waters in Australia
• ERS-1/2 SAR images utilized to map spatiotemporal deformation in the southwestern United States

Aerospace sensors and related information extraction techniques that support various mapping applications have recently garnered more attention due to the advances in remote sensing theories and technologies. This book brings together top researchers in the field, providing a state-of-the-art review of some of the latest advancements in remote sensing and mapping technologies.

An authoritative guide to the theory, technologies, and state-of-the-art applications in microwave noncontact sensing and analysis

Engineering researchers have recently developed exciting advances in microwave noncontact sensing and analysis, with new applications in fields ranging from medicine to structural engineering, manufacturing to transportation. This book provides an authoritative look at the current state-of-the-art in the field.

Drawing upon their years of experience in both cutting-edge research and industry applications, the authors address microwave radar for both noncontact vital sign detection and mechanical movement measurement. They explore key advances in everyday applications of microwave and Doppler radar, especially in the areas of radio frequency technologies, microelectronic fabrication processes, and signal processing hardware and algorithms.

"Microwave Noncontact Motion Sensing and Analysis" Reviews the theory and technical basics, from electromagnetic propagation to signal processingDiscusses all major types of motion sensing radar, including Doppler, pulse, and FMCWExplores important advances in detection and analysis techniquesUses numerous case studies to illustrate current applications in an array of fieldsProvides integrated coverage of human vital sign detection, through-wall radar, and Doppler vibrometryOffers a well-informed look at emerging technologies and the shape of things to come

An important resource for engineers and researchers with a professional interest in micro-wave sensing technology, "Microwave Noncontact Motion Sensing and Analysis" is also a source of insight and guidance for professionals in healthcare, transportation safety, the military, and law enforcement.

Suitable as either a student text or professional reference, Lightwave Engineering addresses the behavior of electromagnetic waves and the propagation of light, which forms the basis of the wide-ranging field of optoelectronics. Divided into two parts, the book first gives a comprehensive introduction to lightwave engineering using plane wave and then offers an in-depth analysis of lightwave propagation in terms of electromagnetic theory. Using the language of mathematics to explain natural phenomena, the book includes numerous illustrative figures that help readers develop an intuitive understanding of light propagation. It also provides helpful equations and outlines their exact derivation and physical meaning, enabling users to acquire an analytical understanding as well. After explaining a concept, the author includes several problems that are tailored to illustrate the explanation and help explain the next concept. The book addresses key topics including fundamentals of interferometers and resonators, guided wave, optical fibers, and lightwave devices and circuits. It also features useful appendices that contain formulas for Fourier transform, derivation of Green's theorem, vector algebra, Gaussian function, cylindrical function, and more. Ranging from basic to more difficult, the book's content is designed for easily adjustable application, making it equally useful for university lectures or a review of basic theory for professional engineers.

Phosphor Handbook: Process, Properties and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in research on the synthesis, characterization and applications of organic and inorganic phosphors. There is detailed information presented on the characterization of the relevant phosphor groups, such as up-conversion and down-conversion phosphors, inorganic LED phosphors, organic LED phosphors and thermoluminescence and dosimetric phosphors using various physical and chemical advances. Finally, the advances in phosphor technologies are discussed, including current barriers to their use in commercial applications and emerging opportunities. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners in academia and those working in R&D in industry in the disciplines of materials science and engineering, materials chemistry, materials physics, photonics science and technology, nanotechnology and physical chemistry.

The book is a collection of academician Yanzhong Zhang's research papers published in English. It represents the development of aerospace systems engineering and information technology in China over the past 4 decades. Regarded as the crucial reference materials of related disciplines, it falls into three categories, namely, information technique, aeronautical engineering strategy issue of development, as well as PhD thesis.

As multimedia applications have become part of contemporary daily life, numerous paradigm-shifting technologies in multimedia processing have emerged over the last decade. Substantially updated with 21 new chapters, Multimedia Image and Video Processing, Second Edition explores the most recent advances in multimedia research and applications. This edition presents a comprehensive treatment of multimedia information mining, security, systems, coding, search, hardware, and communications as well as multimodal information fusion and interaction. Clearly divided into seven parts, the book begins with a section on standards, fundamental methods, design issues, and typical architectures. It then focuses on the coding of video and multimedia content before covering multimedia search, retrieval, and management. After examining multimedia security, the book describes multimedia communications and networking and explains the architecture design and implementation for multimedia image and video processing. It concludes with a section on multimedia systems and applications. Written by some of the most prominent experts in the field, this updated edition provides readers with the latest research in multimedia processing and equips them with advanced techniques for the design of multimedia systems.

Given silicon's versatile material properties, use of low-cost silicon photonics continues to move beyond light-speed data transmission through fiber-optic cables and computer chips. Its application has also evolved from the device to the integrated-system level. A timely overview of this impressive growth, Silicon Photonics for Telecommunications and Biomedicine summarizes state-of-the-art developments in a wide range of areas, including optical communications, wireless technologies, and biomedical applications of silicon photonics. With contributions from world experts, this reference guides readers through fundamental principles and focuses on crucial advances in making commercial use of silicon photonics a viable reality in the telecom and biomedical industries. Taking into account existing and anticipated industrial directions, the book balances coverage of theory and practical experimental research to explore solutions for obstacles to the viable commercialization of silicon photonics. The book's special features include: A section on silicon plasmonic waveguides Detailed coverage of novel III-V applications A chapter on 3D integration Discussion of applications for energy harvesting/photovoltaics This book reviews the most important technological trends and challenges. It presents topics involving major silicon photonics applications in telecommunications, high-power photonics, and biomedicine. It includes discussion of silicon plasmonic waveguides, piezoelectric tuning of silicon's optical properties, and applications of two-photon absorption. Expert authors with industry research experience examine the challenge of hybridizing III-V compound semiconductors on silicon to achieve monolithic light sources. They also address economic compatibility and heat dissipation issues in CMOS chips, challenges in designing electronic photonics in

This book discusses light-based science, emphasizing its pervasive influence in science, technology, policy, and education. A wide range of contributors offers a comprehensive study of the tremendous, and indeed foundational, contributions of Ibn al Haytham, a scholar from the medieval period. The analysis then moves into the future development of light-based technology. Written as a multi-disciplinary reference book by leading scholars in the history of science and /or photonics, it covers Ibn al Haytham's optics, LED lighting for sustainable development, global and atomic-scale time with new light sources, advanced technology, and vision science. Cutting-edge optical technologies and their global impact is addressed in detail, and the later chapters also explore challenges with renewable energy, the global impact of photonics, and optical and photonic education technology. Practical examples and illustrations are provided throughout the text.

A comprehensive treatise on the components and devices of the lightwave explosion

Multiple advances in lightwave technology have led to a veritable overload of global information systems throughout the world. Given the sheer number and growing importance of such systems, Govind Agrawal's Lightwave Technology answers the need for a comprehensive and up-to-date account of all major aspects of this rapidly expanding field.

Components and Devices, the first independent volume of this two-volume engineering resource, is devoted to describing a multitude of today's silica- and semiconductor-based optical devices. Conceived and written by the foremost expert and bestselling author in the fiber optic field, the text provides detailed, in-depth coverage of both theoretical and practical aspects of the science, including:

• Fiber optics
• Passive and active fiber components
• Planar waveguides
• Semiconductor lasers and amplifiers
• Optical modulators
• Photodetectors
• WDM components
• Space- and time-domain switching

The second volume, Lightwave Technology: Communication Systems, deals with the design and performance of modern transmission systems making use of these devices.

Complete with chapter problems, a CD, and a Solutions Manual, this title serves as both a basic text book for students and a practical everyday reference for engineers and researchers in the field.

Edited and expanded to keep pace with the digital revolution, the new edition of this highly popular and critically acclaimed work provides a comprehensive exploration of imaging science. Brilliantly written and extensively illustrated, The Science of Imaging: An Introduction, Second Edition covers the fundamental laws of physics as well as the cutting-edge techniques defining current and future directions in the field.

Improvements to this Edition Include:

• A new chapter on astronomical imaging
• A larger format with a wealth of illustrations
• Major revisions in the areas of digital imaging and modern technology
• Updated references with links to a wealth of online resources including teaching material and expanded information

This accessible introduction to the subject takes students on a grand tour of imaging. Starting with the fundamentals of light and basic cameras, the author journeys through television and holography to advanced scientific and medical imaging. He highlights essential formulas, while keeping the complex mathematics to a minimum. Copiously illustrated with a wealth of examples and a 16-page color insert, the text covers optics, imaging systems, materials, and image interpretation and creation in a manner that makes it easy to understand.

Praise for the critically acclaimed First Edition:

It's the best book I have read on the subject at this level.
Ron Graham, RPS Journal

... every student should read it, every photographer should own it, and every lecturer and journalist should know its contents inside out.
Jon Tarrant, British Journal of Photography

All successful imaging systems employ some form of color management for previewing, controlling and adjusting color throughout the image-production process. Today's increasingly complex systems pose challenging problems: they must support numerous devices and media having disparate color properties, and they also must provide for the interchange of images among dissimilar systems. In this book, the authors address and solve these problems using innovative methods of representing color in the digital domain.

The second edition of this popular book explains the capabilities and limitations of existing color management systems and provides comprehensive practical solutions for communicating color within and among imaging systems, from the simplest to the most complex. Beginning with the fundamentals of color and human color perception, the book progresses to in-depth analyses of the nature of color images, digital color encoding, color management systems and digital color interchange. Fully revised and updated, this second edition of "Digital Color Management" features new and expanded coverage including: electronic displays and electronic imaging systems;scene-based and appearance-based color encoding methods;color management for digital cinema;a Unified Paradigm--a comprehensive, integrated color-managed environment for the color-imaging industry;four new chapters, two new appendices, and more than 80 new figures.

This book is an essential resource for engineers, programmers and imaging professionals designing and engineering color-imaging systems and for others simply looking to increase their understanding of the field. Scientists, researchers, advanced undergraduates and graduate students involved in imaging technology also will find this book of significant interest and usefulness.

Reviews for the first edition:

'The absence of unnecessary jargon, the impeccable writing style, the material depth leads only to one conclusion: If you buy one digital color book this year, buy this one.' W. David Schwaderer, Digital Camera Magazine

'It Digital Color Management] fulfils the need among engineers and scientists for a comprehensive understanding of color management, imaging, media, viewing conditions, appearance and communication.' Arthur S. Diamond, Imaging News

The technical development of optical tweezers, along with their application in the biological and physical sciences, has progressed significantly since the demonstration of an optical trap for micron-sized particles based on a single, tightly focused laser beam was first reported more than twenty years ago. Bringing together many landmark papers on the field, Optical Tweezers: Methods and Applications covers the techniques and uses of optical tweezers.

Each section is introduced by a brief commentary, setting the papers into their historical and contemporary contexts. The first two sections explore the pioneering work of Arthur Ashkin and the use of optical tweezers in biological systems. The book then discusses the extensive use of optical tweezers for the measurement of picoNewton forces and examines various approaches for modeling forces within optical tweezers. The next parts explain how optical tweezers are used in colloid science, how to convert optical tweezers into optical spanners, and how spatial light modulators create holographic tweezers. The book concludes with a section on emerging applications of optical tweezers in microfluidic systems.

With contributions from some of the best in the field, this compendium presents important historical and current developments of optical tweezers in a range of scientific areas, from the manipulation of bacteria to the treatment of DNA.

While applications rapidly change one to the next in our commercialized world, fundamental principles behind those applications remain constant. So if one understands those principles well enough and has ample experience in applying them, he or she will be able to develop a capacity for reaching results via conceptual thinking rather than having to always rely on models to test various conditions. In Solid State and Quantum Theory for Optoelectronics, Michael Parker provides a general conceptual framework for matter that leads to the matter-light interaction explored in the author's Physics of Optoelectronics (CRC Press). Instead of overburdening readers with the definition-theorem- proof format often expected in mathematics texts, this book instructs readers through the development of conceptual pictures. Employing a proven pedagogic approach, as rigorous as it is intuitive, Professor Parker - Provides several lead-ins to the quantum theory including a brief review of Lagrange and Hamilton's approach to classical mechanics and the fundamental quantum link with Hilbert space Demonstrates the Schroedinger wave equation from the Feynman path integral Discusses standard topics such as the quantum well, harmonic oscillator, representations, perturbation theory, and spin Expands discussion from the density operator and its applications to quantum computing and teleportation Provides the concepts for ensembles and microstates in detail with emphasis on the derivation of particle population distributions across energy levels Professors Parker includes problems to help readers understand and internalize the material. But just as important, the working-through of these problems will help readers develop the sort of approach that, instead of wholly relying on models, enables them to extrapolate solutions guided by informed intuition developed over the course of formal study and laboratory experiment. It is the kind of conceptual thinking that will allow readers to move with deeper understanding from optical applications to more theoretical topics in physics.

Nonlinear Optics, Fourth Edition, is a tutorial-based introduction to nonlinear optics that is suitable for graduate-level courses in electrical and electronic engineering, and for electronic and computer engineering departments, physics departments, and as a reference for industry practitioners of nonlinear optics. It will appeal to a wide audience of optics, physics and electrical and electronic engineering students, as well as practitioners in related fields, such as materials science and chemistry.

The first book to summarize the applications of CAFM as the most important method in the study of electronic properties of materials and devices at the nanoscale. To provide a global perspective, the chapters are written by leading researchers and application scientists from all over the world and cover novel strategies, configurations and setups where new information will be obtained with the help of CAFM. With its substantial content and logical structure, this is a valuable reference for researchers working with CAFM or planning to use it in their own fields of research.

This first textbook on both micro- and nanooptics introduces readers to the technological development, physical background and key areas.
The opening chapters on the physics of light are complemented by chapters on refractive and diffractive optical elements. The internationally renowned authors present different methods of lithographic and nonlithographic fabrication of microoptics and introduce the characterization and testing of microoptics.
The second part of the book is dedicated to optical microsystems and MEMS, optical waveguide structures and optical nanostructures, including photonic crystals and metamaterials.
Each chapter includes exercises illustrating a sample approach to new and complex topics, making the textbook suitable for lectures on optics as part of a physics or electrical engineering course.

Learn Fourier and diffractive optics through examples and computer simulation

This book presents current theories of diffraction, imaging, and related topics based on Fourier analysis and synthesis techniques, which are essential for understanding, analyzing, and synthesizing modern imaging, optical communications and networking, and micro/nano systems. The author demonstrates how these theories become the foundation for a number of practical applications, including: Tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric SAR Optical communications and networking devices, such as directional couplers in fiber and integrated optics, dense wavelength division multiplexing and demimultiplexing systems Computer-generated holograms and analog holograms Wireless systems using EM waves Micro/nano systems requiring rigorous diffraction analysis

"Diffraction, Fourier Optics and Imaging" takes an innovative approach that focuses on the use of examples and computer simulations. This approach emerged from the author's course notes and has been refined during his many years of classroom experience. Readers are given clear and concise explanations of theory, and examples that demonstrate the practical applications of theory are provided. Finally, readers are given exercises, ranging from simple to complex, to apply their knowledge to solving real-world problems. Many of the exercises and examples are solved using MATLAB(R), enabling readers to perform highly complex computational tasks through software simulation.

This book is ideal for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in electrical engineering and physics. Its many examples and topics withcomputer simulation show students how an understanding of Fourier analysis can be applied in a broad range of fields in science and technology. Engineers and scientists particularly related to optical engineering, micro/nano systems and fiber optic communications/networking will find this an excellent resource that sheds new light on how to resolve key problems in imaging.