The Ottoman Syrians - residents of modern Syria and Lebanon - formed the first Arabic-speaking Evangelical Church in the region. This book offers a fresh narrative of the encounters of this minority Protestant community with American missionaries, Eastern churches and Muslims at the height of the Nahda, from 1860 to 1915.

By the middle of the nineteenth century much clearly gendered, anti-Catholic literature was produced for the Protestant middle classes. Nineteenth Century Anti-Catholic Discourses explores how this writing generated a series of popular Catholic images and looks towards the cultural, social and historical foundation of these representations. Diana Peschier places the novels of Charlotte Bronte within the framework of Victorian social ideologies, in particular the climate created by rise of anti-Catholicism and thus provides an alternative reading of her work.

As America has become more pluralistic, Protestantism, with its long roots in American history and culture, has hardly remained static. This finely crafted portrait of a remarkably complex group of Christian denominations describes Protestantism's history, constituent subgroups and their activities, and the way in which its dialectic with American culture has shaped such facets of the wider society as healthcare, welfare, labor relations, gender roles, and political discourse.

Part I provides an introduction to the religion's essential beliefs, a brief history, and a taxonomy of its primary American varieties. Part II shows the diversity of the tradition with vivid accounts of life and worship in a variety of mainline and evangelical churches. Part III explores the vexed relationship Protestantism maintains with critical social issues, including homosexuality, feminism, and social justice. The appendices include biographical sketches of notable Protestant leaders, a chronology, a glossary, and an annotated list of resources for further study.

Contingent Citizens features fourteen essays that track changes in the ways Americans have perceived the Latter-day Saints since the 1830s. From presidential politics, to political violence, to the definition of marriage, to the meaning of sexual equality-the editors and contributors place Mormons in larger American histories of territorial expansion, religious mission, Constitutional interpretation, and state formation. These essays also show that the political support of the Latter-day Saints has proven, at critical junctures, valuable to other political groups. The willingness of Americans to accept Latter-day Saints as full participants in the United States political system has ranged over time and been impelled by political expediency, granting Mormons in the United States an ambiguous status, contingent on changing political needs and perceptions. Contributors: Matthew C. Godfrey, Church History Library; Amy S. Greenberg, Penn State University; J. B. Haws, Brigham Young University; Adam Jortner, Auburn University; Matthew Mason, Brigham Young University; Patrick Q. Mason, Claremont Graduate University; Benjamin E. Park, Sam Houston State University; Thomas Richards, Jr., Springside Chestnut Hill Academy; Natalie Rose, Michigan State University; Stephen Eliot Smith, University of Otago; Rachel St. John, University of California Davis

The Protestant Clergy of Early Modern Europe provides a comprehensive survey of the Protestant clergy in Europe during the confessional age. Eight contributions, written by historians with specialist research knowledge in the field, offer the reader a wide-ranging synthesis of the main concerns of current historiography. Themes include the origins and the evolution of the Protestant clergy during the age of Reformation, the role and function of the clergy in the context of early modern history, and the contribution of the clergy to the developments of the age (the making of confessions, education, the reform of culture, social and political thought).

The Early Reformation on the Continent offers a fresh look at the formative years of the European Reformation and the origins of Protestant faith and practice. Taking into account recent work on Erasmus and Luther, Owen Chadwick provides a balanced view of the raison d'être for the changes which the reforming communities sought to introduce and the difficulties and disagreements concerning these. The reader is taken back to the origins and development of each topic examined and given an authoritative, accessible, and informative account.

Rev. George D. Byers, Presbyterian missionary at Kachek, Hainan island, China, was murdered by bandits in front of his home on June 24, 1924, setting off an extraterritorality incident that involved American, British, and Chinese government officials ranging from the local Chinese military commander to the British consul at Hoihow, Hainan, the Chinese Foreign Minister Wellington Koo, U.S. Congressmen, Presbyterians in China and the U.S., and friends of the Byers family. Based on American and British consular archives and those of the Presbyterian Church (USA) and members of the Hainan mission, this is the story of how Mrs. Byers and her ally, Mrs. Mabel Roys, the sole woman on the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions (BFM), successfully got the government and their church to take action. Kathleen L. Lodwick is a Professor of History at the Pennsylvania State University, Lehigh Valley.

Jesus Christ was both the unique Son of God-the Messiah foretold in Scripture-and a man of his time and culture. Charts of the Gospels and the Life of Christ helps you to know him better by clearly organizing the facts that surrounded his life. Whether you're a student, pastor, teacher, or simply someone who wants to take your study of the Bible deeper, this book helps you to see Jesus from a variety of perspectives. Divided into four sections, notable topics include: A Harmonistic Overview of the Four Gospels Sections Found in All Four Gospels Old Testament Citations in the Gospels Roman Rulers of the Land Where Christ Lived Periods of the Life of Christ Christ's Parables in the Presence/Absence of His Enemies The Kingdom in the Teachings of Jesus and the Gospels ZondervanCharts are ready references for those who need the essential information at their fingertips. Accessible and highly useful, the books in this library offer clear organization and thorough summaries of issues, subjects, and topics that are key for Christian students and learners. The visuals and captions will cater to any teaching methodology, style, or program.

"Different under God is the first substantial, comprehensive and scientific analysis of Christianity in Singapore, covering religious, social and political attitudes. This survey by Terence Chong and Hui Yew-Foong will be enthusiastically welcomed by today's sociologists and historians in the future. An important and timely contribution to the sociology of religion and to the study of Singapore." - Bryan S. Turner, Presidential Professor of Sociology, the Graduate Centre, the City, University of New York, USA "This is a landmark study of Christianity in Singapore that is sorely needed today, not only to confirm many scholarly guesses, but also to dispel public stereotypes of Christians as homogeneously sheep-like or militant. Scholars and Singaporeans beware, Terence and Yew-Foong have started a fire that will enliven public discourse on religion and society for years to come." - Daniel P.S. Goh, Assistant Professor of Sociology, National University of Singapore "Analysing individual and discussion-group responses from churchgoers in both mainline denominations and independent churches, this study grapples with a number of highly-relevant, even sensitive issues in contemporary Christianity: issues of moral values and attitudes (including those on sexuality and sexual orientation), money and giving, organizational belonging, governance, and others. While some of the findings and conclusions may reinforce broad perceptions of Christianity and churches in Singapore, others were quite eye-opening. Also useful for researchers, the study contains important data on respondents' socio-economic backgrounds. All in all it is a most welcome scholarly contribution, and I expect that it will be a well-cited resource for future scholarship." - Robbie B. H. Goh, Professor of English Literature, National University of Singapore

GENDERING THE PULPIT IS NOT TYPICALLY SOMETHING one can do alone. Rather, there are many people to thank along the way. Foremost, I am grateful for Rev. Dr. David Russell Tullock and the work of Parson's Porch & Company with its publishing services. Your mission is admirable, your work prophetic. I am honored to write with you. Gendering the pulpit also typically occurs within the confines of faith communities. So, I am thankful for four faith communities who have stood with me in this process, allowing me time and space in their pulpits: the Oaks Baptist Church, Parkway Baptist Church, Shell Ridge Community Church, and Wake Forest Baptist Church. It has been an honor to call myself your pastor at various times over the past thirteen years. Then there are those myriad voices we never hear. For those countless women and LGBTQ persons who have lifted your voices in bold proclamations, but who have not had the privilege of an official pulpit, thank you. This book is for you. And for all those women and LGBTQ persons who don't think that preaching could be a part of your future, it is my hope that this book will tell you otherwise. Know that you are beloved, affirmed, worthwhile, and called; do not let anyone tell you differently. Raise you voice. Affirm your body, for it is holy. My dear friends, family, and colleagues are foremost among those I wish to acknowledge. Wendy, Melissa, Ryan, Amy, Richard, Jen, Sharon, Trisha, Patricia, MaryBeth, Jill, Michelle, Diane, Andrea, Ron, Weave, Susan, mom, dad, Carl, Josh, and many others continue to be a support system filled with good humor and prophetic challenge. Thank you. And for Elizabeth, who listens to endless processing, proofreads countless documents, and makes me laugh every day, I am thankful. You make me a better person and gendering the pulpit in the direction of justice would be no fun without you. I remain hopeful for our future Tango and how we will make the world a better place together.

This book seeks to engage in a systematic ecclesiological reflection on the extent to which the understanding and practice of "church" have changed during one and half centuries of Christianity in Nigeria with the purpose of providing pastors and practitioners with an interpretive framework for a contextual yet a biblical way of doing church as Nigeria moves into the future. It is also to provide the theorist with a missiological and theological compass to guide the work of theorizing, giving symmetry of understanding and interpretation in the ongoing appraisal of non-Western and global Christianities.

A choice lies before you: Either waste your life or live with risk. Either sit on the sidelines or get in the game. After all, life was no cakewalk for Jesus, and he didn't promise it would be any easier for his followers. We shouldn't be surprised by resistance and persecution. Yet most of us play it safe.
We pursue comfort. We spend ourselves to get more stuff. And we prefer to be entertained. We are all tempted by the idea of security, the possibility of a cozy Christianity with no hell at the end. But what kind of life is that really? It's a far cry from adventurous and abundant, from truly rich and really full, and it's certainly not the heights and the depths Jesus calls us to.
Discover in these pages a foundation for fearlessness. Hear God's promise to go with you into the unknown. And let Risk Is Right help you see the joys of a faith-filled and seriously rewarding life of Jesus-dependent abandon
Risk Is Right is a significantly expanded version of a chapter previously published in the book Don't Waste Your Life (chapter 5).

Few figures in history have defined their time as dramatically as Martin Luther. And few books have captured the spirit of such a figure as truly as this robust and eloquent life of Luther. A highly regarded historian and biographer and a gifted novelist and playwright, Richard Marius gives us a dazzling portrait of the German reformer--his inner compulsions, his struggle with himself and his God, the gestation of his theology, his relations with contemporaries, and his responses to opponents. Focusing in particular on the productive years 1516-1525, Marius' detailed account of Luther's writings yields a rich picture of the development of Luther's thought on the great questions that came to define the Reformation.

Marius follows Luther from his birth in Saxony in 1483, during the reign of Frederick III, through his schooling in Erfurt, his flight to an Augustinian monastery and ordination to the outbreak of his revolt against Rome in 1517, the Wittenberg years, his progress to Worms, his exile in the Wartburg, and his triumphant return to Wittenberg. Throughout, Marius pauses to acquaint us with pertinent issues: the question of authority in the church, the theology of penance, the timing of Luther's "Reformation breakthrough," the German peasantry in 1525, Muntzer's revolutionaries, the whys and hows of Luther's attack on Erasmus.

In this personal, occasionally irreverent, always humane reconstruction, Luther emerges as a skeptic who hated skepticism and whose titanic wrestling with the dilemma of the desire for faith and the omnipresence of doubt and fear became an augury for the development of the modern religious consciousness of the West. In all of this, he also represents tragedy, with the goodness of his works overmatched by their calamitous effects on religion and society. "

`Fundamentalism' is a label used often pejoratively of religious conservatism. Evangelicals are growing in number and power around the world and are frequently regarded as fundamentalist. This volume examines fundamentalism as a mentality which has greatly affected evangelicalism, but which some evangelicals now wish to leave behind.

Educated people have become bereft of sophisticated ways to develop their religious inclinations. A major reason for this is that theology has become vague and dull. In The Character of God, author Thomas E. Jenkins maintains that Protestant theology became boring by the late nineteenth century because the depictions of God as a character in theology became boring. He shows how in the early nineteenth century, American Protestant theologians downplayed biblical depictions of God's emotional complexity and refashioned his character according to their own notions, stressing emotional singularity. These notions came from many sources, but the major influences were the neoclassical and sentimental literary styles of characterization dominant at the time. The serene benevolence of neoclassicism and the tender sympathy of sentimentalism may have made God appealing in the mid-1800s, but by the end of the century, these styles had lost much of their cultural power and increasingly came to seem flat and vague. Despite this, both liberal and conservative theologians clung to these characterizations of God throughout the twentieth century.
Jenkins argues that a way out of this impasse can be found in romanticism, the literary style of characterization that supplanted neoclassicism and sentimentalism and dominated American literary culture throughout the twentieth century. Romanticism emphasized emotional complexity and resonated with biblical depictions of God. A few maverick religious writers-- such as Harriet Beecher Stowe, W. G. T. Shedd, and Horace Bushnell--did devise emotionally complex characterizations of God and in some cases drew directly from romanticism. But their strange andsometimes shocking depictions of God were largely forgotten in the twentieth century. s use "theological" as a pejorative term, implying that an argument is needlessly Jenkins urges a reassessment of their work and a greaterin understanding of the relationship between theology and literature. Recovering the lost literary power of American Protestantism, he claims, will make the character of God more compelling and help modern readers appreciate the peculiar power of the biblical characterization of God.

Human beings are born to search. From early infancy we begin crawling around searching for new things. When we find them, we pick them up, examine them, analyze them, name them and experiment with them. Sometimes, these experiments can be beneficial as we make "breakthrough" discoveries. There have been a huge number of these "breakthroughs" in electronics, medical science and engineering. Now, as a result, we know more and live longer and healthier lives. Sometimes, experiments go horribly wrong. Many people have experimented with drugs and alcohol in their lives resulting in failed marriages, physical and psychological damage and sometimes death. Yet, there is something inside each of us that is willing to take risks and experiment. The driving force is curiosity. Curiosity drives us to search. In Matthew 7:13-14 Jesus says, "Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. But small is the gate, and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it." I spent a few years walking down the broad road that leads to destruction. When I was seventeen, I began to sneak cans of beer from my mother's stash hidden under her bed. Soon afterwards, I began to smoke marijuana and then began cultivating it in our backyard. From there, I began experimenting with hashish, PCP, cocaine and LSD. From the time I turned eighteen, when I falsified my driver's license, there was always a fifth of Jose Cuervo Gold sitting in my bedroom. I spent countless nights frequenting night clubs while attending college. Ultimately, I began losing it psychologically. I became very paranoid and withdrawn and depressed. I remember walking into my room several times and literally hiding under the covers with a headset on listening to music. There was a period of time that I suffered from insomnia and ended up going on long walks at night while other people slept. On one of those nights, an LAPD officer grabbed me from behind without identifying himself. As I was yanked around by the shoulder, I used the momentum and threw a kick into the officer's chest driving him to the ground. His partner started drawing his gun as the officer I kicked pulled me down to the ground and into a choke hold. That earned me two years of probation. Another night, I heard a dachshund telling me that it wasn't her fault that she looked so ridiculously funny. One evening, I became particularly paranoid. I was certain that FBI officers were ready to break into my home and shoot me. I tossed and turned trying to fall asleep for hours. I was totally freaking out. It suddenly dawned on me. I couldn't continue on like this. I was physically, mentally and psychologically exhausted. I needed help badly. I finally asked Jesus to help me. I told him that I had really messed up my life and needed Him to help me. I asked him into my life and begged for his mercy and forgiveness. Finally, I had found the small gate and voluntarily walked through it and onto the narrow path. My life has never been the same. I have lived an abundant life now for 40 years. My wife and I have been married for over 30 years and we have raised four wonderful children. The purpose of this book is to help you in your search for a better life. Hopefully, you are curious enough to take the risk and spend some time experimenting with the concepts in this book. My ultimate goal is to help you find your way onto the narrow path. So, keep on reading and follow me to the gate that leads to the narrow way

What's working and not working in your congregation? You'll explore the factors that inspired and motivated changes to reverse decline as other congregations wrestled with the same issues you're facing: ministry to current members, ministry to the unchurched, worship, changing neighborhoods, and more.

Christians generally recognize the need to live a holy, or sanctified, life. But they differ on what sanctification is and how it is achieved. How does one achieve sanctification in this life? How much success in sanctification is possible? Is a crisis experience following one's conversion normal--or necessary? If so, what kind of experience, and how is it verified? Five Views on Sanctification--part of the Counterpoints series--brings together in one easy-to-understand volume five major Protestant views on sanctification: Wesleyan View - represented by Melvin E. Dieter Reformed View - represented by Anthony A. Hoekema Pentecostal View - represented by Stanley M. Horton Keswick View - represented by J. Robertson McQuilkin Augustinian-Dispensationalism View - represented by John F. Walvoord Writing from a solid evangelical stance, each author describes and defends his own understanding of the doctrine sanctification and then responds to the views of the other authors. The Counterpoints series presents a comparison and critique of scholarly views on topics important to Christians that are both fair-minded and respectful of the biblical text. Each volume is a one-stop reference that allows readers to evaluate the different positions on a specific issue and form their own, educated opinion.

How did John Calvin understand and depict God's relationship with humanity? Influential readings of Calvin have seen a dialectical divine-human opposition as fundamental to his thought. As a result, the importance of the doctrine of the Trinity in his understanding of the divine-human relationship has been largely overlooked. In this fresh consideration of Calvin's Christian vision, however, Philip Butin demonstrates Calvin's consistent and pervasive appeal to the Trinity as the basis, pattern, and dynamic of God's relationship with humanity. Butin examines the historical background, controversial context, and distinctive features of Calvin's Trinity doctrine. He then explores the trinitarian character of Calvin's doctrines concerning revelation, redemption, and human response to God. Finally, his consideration of Calvin's doctrines of the church, baptism, and the eucharist suggests the contextuality, comprehensiveness, and coherence of Calvin's trinitarian vision.