This book examines and compares the theological views of Dr John Owen (1616-83), the Puritan pastor and theologian, and John Wesley (1703-91), the evangelist and founder of Methodism. Protracted doctrinal debate occurred during their lives over the doctrines of atonement and justification, Owen and Wesley representing the Calvinist and Arminian interpretations of the controversy. The author demonstrates that the Arminian reaction to 17th century high Calvinism might have been avoided had theologians like John Owen pursued the relatively moderate theological formulations of John Calvin and his 16th century colleagues. The analysis seeks both to assess the various aspects of the debate within the context of historical theology, and to evaluate them according to the criteria of biblical exegesis. The author discusses the philosophical foundations of the ultra-orthodoxy of John Owen and offers a positive solution to a controversy which was shelved rather than solved, and which continues to vex those who seek a coherent biblical grasp of the Reformed Faith.

Speelman deals with a central question in the intellectual history of the sixteenth century: to what extent can Calvin be regarded as responsible for the tendency in Calvinism or, more broadly, in Reformed Protestantism, to form a church which has its own ecclesiastical organization and office bearers? So far, claiming a great deal of independence for the church has been considered an important aspect of Calvin's legacy. In this line of reasoning, it is assumed that Calvin was a strong opponent of the church as a state organization that did not have its own governing body and power of excommunication. To better understand this issue, the text examines the position of the church within the city-state of Bern. Secondly, it directs its attention to the manner in which Calvin gave form to ecclesiastical life in Geneva. Next, it deals with the church in France, and finally, it examines the influence of Calvin and French Calvinism on the organization of the Reformed church in The Netherlands in the 1570s.

To mark the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation this opulent volume invites the reader to embark on a journey through the world and across a period of time that extends across five centuries and four continents: It describes in detail the global diversity and history of the effects - and also the conflict potential - of Protestantism between the cultures. Which traces has Protestantism left in its contact with other denominations, religions and lifestyles? How did it change through these e ncounters - and not least: how did people adopt the Protestant doctrine; how did they modify it and live by it? On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation in 2017 this lavishly illustrated volume demonstrates the diversity and history of t he effects - and also the conflict potential of Protestantism. It tells a global history of effect and counter - effect which began in around 1500 and extends into the present day, shown by the examples of Europe, Germany and Sweden, the United States, South Korea and Tanzania.

This is a collection of documents on church-state relations in modern history. It collects virtually all of the major documents associated with the evolution of the post-Reformation churches - Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox - in their relationship to the simultaneously developing modern state in the West.