The history of England's House of Lords in the nineteenth century has been largely misunderstood or ignored by historians. Richard W. Davis argues that the Lords were not primarily reactionary or obstructive, but rather a House in which much beneficial legislation was enacted. More conservative in political questions than the Commons perhaps, the Lords at least equaled them in compassion for the poor and suffering. While many historians also argue that after the Reform Act of 1832 the Lords had little real power, the Lords actually had precisely the same power after the Act as before: a bill could become law only after it passed both Houses of Parliament. They also had the power of veto and used it, particularly from 1833 to 1841 after the passage of the Act that is supposed to have so weakened them. The Whig House of Commons did not appreciate the actions of the Conservative majority in the Lords, but the electorate, becoming more conservative with every election, cared not at all.

The free flow of information and services around the world via the Internet constantly creates new issues and problems, such as rules of jurisdiction and applicable law, how new products and services should be regulated and many more. The sixth edition is updated with numerous new practical examples, cases (court cases and ICO complaint cases), laws and developments, including the following: * new Brexit legislation across all areas from January 2021 (post Brexit on 31 December 2020); * new Data Protection Act replacing Data Protection Act 2018; * new ePrivacy Regulations (PECR); * new ePrivacy Regulation (EU); * transition of EU registered trade marks and designs into new UK IP rights from 1 January 2021 creating new UK IP rights and new UK rightsholders; * changes in seeking IP protection in EU for UK residents; * changes in UK rightsholders seeking to take infringement actions outside of UK; * status of unregistered IP rights post Brexit; * different impacts on different IP rights; * status of UK commercial contracts, interpretation, and enforceability, * status of pre-existing contracts created prior to Brexit and which refer to EU and UK being in EU; * status, extent and scope of new contracts after Brexit; * UK torts and insurance law as impacted by Brexit; * changes in crime, data retention and international issues; * taxation changes, international relations, international Treaties, and EU * competition, internet, and regulator changes - including Brexit; * new UK caselaw; * news UK regulator cases, decision, sanctions and fines; * new EU caselaw.

Do you wish you could do more to change the world but don't know how? Do you ever look around at the many charities asking for donations and feel overwhelmed? This inspiring and uplifting book explores the effectiveness of charity and calls for more radical giving if we want to contribute to a better world. During a period when British society seems more divided than ever, and our decision makers are even more disconnected from the issues that keep us awake at night, Giving Back highlights the people and movements taking on some of the most challenging social issues of our time. A respected figure in philanthropy, Derek A. Bardowell presents a unique insight into what's going on inside the world of giving and where we can best make a difference. From redefining the role of charity itself to reimagining philanthropy through a reparative lens, Bardowell introduces a radical new take on how social problems, from climate change to racial injustice, can be tackled in modern society by all of us. Filled with lively insights and moving stories, Giving Back is here to break down the walls of charitable giving. If you loved Factfulness, Lost Connections, and What White People Can Do Next, this book will challenge some of your truths and change the way you give. What people are saying about Derek A. Bardowell: 'Personal, political, powerful.' Bernardine Evaristo 'Important and timely... Deeply felt and illuminating... Essential reading for everyone committed to fairness and equality in life.' Goodreads Reviewer, 5 stars 'A valuable act of remembrance... While wealth may confer privileges, it doesn't rid you of melanin or exempt you from prejudice.' Colin Grant, Guardian 'Bardowell does an excellent and passionate job of refracting the issues.' Financial Times

This book is the first to consider comprehensively and systematically the law and practice of advance directives across Asia. It will thus be important not only as a reference volume that documents how advance directives are regulated and used throughout Asia, but also as an exploration of the concept of the advance directive itself, in context. By examining how advance directives operate in Asian countries, we will also shed light on the principle of personal autonomy in this context, alongside other values and religious and socio-cultural factors that shape health and care decision-making. As such, this book will have broad appeal not only to Asian scholars, students, policymakers and practitioners in the fields of health law and ethics and end-of-life care more generally, but will also be of wider interest to an international academic audience in the fields of law, ethics and health and social care research. This title is Open Access.

The exercise of public power by the military in civilian Western democracies such as Australia and the United States demonstrates a tendency toward failure in responsibility for moral behavior. Pauline Collins argues that a different system of military criminal investigation and discipline outside the civilian justice system enables the military to operate like a coterie and can lead to a failure in the requisite moral standard of behavior required of military personnel and maintaining civilian institutional control. Collins argues that the justifications for separate treatment of weakens both the military standing and the practice of civilian control of the military as well as leading to an overall decline in morality and values in a democratic society.

Well-selected and authoritative, Hart Core Statutes provide the key materials needed by students in a format that is clear, compact and very easy to use. They are ideal for use in exams.

The field of psychology-law is extremely broad, encompassing a strikingly large range of topic areas in both applied psychology and experimental psychology. Importantly, both applied and experimental psychologists have made meaningful contributions to the psychology-law field, and each of these domains includes a range of well-developed topic areas with robust empirical support. Despite the continued and rapid growth of the field, there is no current and comprehensive resource that provides coverage of the major topic areas in the psychology-law field. The Oxford Handbook of Psychology and Law fills this gap and offers an up-to-date, scholarly, and broad overview of psychology-law topics. David DeMatteo and Kyle C. Scherr have brought together a diverse group of highly esteemed applied and experimental researchers and scholars to discuss key topics in the field from both national and international perspectives. The volume is broadly divided into three sections: foundational psychology-law, applied psychology-law, and experimental-psychology-law. The Foundational Psychology-Law section includes chapters that are relevant to both applied psychology and experimental psychology, making a unique contribution that ties together the applied and experimental aspects of the field. The Applied Psychology-Law section provides coverage of topics related to the provision of forensic services (broadly defined) in criminal and civil legal contexts. Lastly, the Experimental Psychology-Law section covers empirically examined legal system issues and outcomes related to victims, offenders, witnesses, attorneys, and triers of fact. With comprehensive coverage of both applied and experimental topic areas and chapters written by a diverse group of well-established psychology-law scholars and emerging future leaders, this Handbook presents emerging, cutting-edge topics in psychology-law that will continue to grow and meaningfully shape future research programs and policy reform.

Surviving the Swastika examines scientific research under National Socialism through the prism of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of the Sciences, a semi-private umbrella organization which founded and maintained institutes for basic scientific research. Home to over twenty Nobel-prize winning scientists, the prestigious forerunner of the Max Planck Society was at the forefront of scientific advance in the first half of the twentieth century. Surprisingly, the Society not only survived National Socialism, but often thrived. Kristie Macrakis provides a full-scale analysis of the Society's development within the context of the phases of a polycratic National Socialist state. A spectrum of responses to National Socialism existed there from moral probity to accommodation and opportunism. Macrakis uncovers this differentiated scientific and social landscape by covering topics ranging from Max Planck's failed negotiations with recalcitrant government officials regarding the expulsion of Jews and Communists to his success in securing a thriving community for basic biological research in Berlin-Dahlem, from the practice of nuclear power research to institutional growth.

Die verhaal van vier vroue wat almal met polisiemanne getroud is en wie se lewens almal drasties beinvloed word deur die gevaar en gepaardgaande stres wat eie geword het aan die taak van die polisie in die eietydse Suid-Afrika. Die verhaal begin met Joan wat die man met wie sy getroud is skaars kan herken in die afgetrokke, teneergedrukte eggenoot wat kwalik nog met sy twee jong dogters kommunikeer maar tog rasend van bekommernis oor hulle veiligheid, allerlei reels vir hulle opstel. Uit radeloosheid en in 'n poging om kontak te maak met ander vroue wat moontlik ook in stilte ly as gevolg van die huislike spanning wat hul mans se werk in die polisiemag teweeg bring, plaas Joan 'n klein kennisgewing in die koerant. So maak sy telefonies kontak met drie ander vroue, elkeen uit 'n ander geografiese en sosiale omgewing. Elkeen van hierdie vroue se verhaal word in die loop van die roman vertel. Hoewel die verhale heeltemal van mekaar verskil en die vroue mekaar nie van aangesig tot aangesig ontmoet nie, word die verskillende verhaalstringe deur telefoniese kontak tot een groter spannende verhaal gesnoer.

Each of the four volumes in this set, as well as each volume independently, provide comparative analyses for researches, practitioners, and students of the law and education in examining law and education in various countries around the world. Designed to allow readers to learn from, rather than copy, the legal and educational systems in these volumes, the books are designed to generate thought and conversation on how education can be improved around the world. By having chapter authors, leading academicians in the home countries, follow the same template so it can be easier to compare similarities and differences, thereby helping to make the book user friendly. The value of these books is that they should help to enhance international awareness of the similarities and advantages associated with bringing together knowledge from various countries concerning education law. Volume 4, encompassing Selected Nations in Africa and the Americas, namely Brazil, Canada, Mauritius, United States, South Africa and Venezuela, consists of detailed analysis of educational law and systems in these representative countries so researchers and students there and elsewhere can learn from one another.

Die Ekonomiese en Bedryfswoordeboek bestryk die terrein van sowel die makro- en mikro-ekonomie as die bedryfslewe. Dit bevat die belangrikste en mees gebruikte terme van die bedryfsekonomie in al sy onderdele, soos bemarking, produksie, finansiering en kosteberekening, asook die belangrikste en mees gebruikte tegniese en vakterme uit die mielie- en veebedryf, goudmynbou, die bou- en staalbedryf, die tekstielbedryf en ander bedryfstakke uit die nywerheid. Die versekeringswese en die groot- en kleinhandel uit die dienstesektor word ook gedek. Daarby is 'n verskeidenheid terme uit verwante vakgebiede ingesluit, soos vakwoorde uit die wiskunde, die statistiek, die handelsreg en die rekenaarkunde.Bylaes met afkortings, sinoniemgroepe en 'n waardevolle gids tot die gebruik van Afrikaanse en Engelse terme verhoog die waarde van die woordeboek. Since the publication of the first edition of the Economics Dictionary in 1976 many developments have resulted in the observation that this work required thorough revision. Several of the Afrikaans terms showed little viability, many terms were missing from both the English and Afrikaans texts, strong growth in the economic literature and that of related sciences, together with developments in the business world, called for Afrikaans terms, while the publication of a number of Afrikaans texts offered a valuable source of new terminology. This major new dictionary is a thoroughly revised and greatly enlarged edition of the Economics Dictionary of 1976. With English as source language the number of headwords more than doubled - from 40 000 to nearly 100 000.

'I, the poet William Yeats, | With old mill boards and sea-green slates, | And smithy work from the Gort forge, | Restored this tower for my wife George; | And may these characters remain | When all is ruin once again.' With this lovely six-line poem, W. B. Yeats dedicated the renovation of Thoor Ballylee to his wife. But the poem's truth conceals another, and different truth - that they worked together at the restoration, and it was largely her vision and hands that created a dwelling from the former ruins. Just how symbolic this is, of the close but largely hidden collaboration between them, is revealed by this deeply-researched life of George Yeats - the first full-scale biography of a woman of remarkable gifts and generous self-concealment. Raised in the decades before the First War, in London literary salons where the arts and occult met, Georgie Hyde Lees became an art student, accomplished linguist, and serious scholar of medieval arcana, anthroposophy, and astrology. She was a lifelong friend of Ezra Pound and his wife Dorothy Shakespear, in whose social circle Yeats also moved; he sponsored her initiation to the Order of the Golden Dawn. In 1917 they married (she was 25, he 52), and on their honeymoon Georgie began the automatic writing which formed the substance of A Vision, and from which sprang the ideas that occupied Yeats for the rest of his life. Her 'extrasensory' perceptions fed his poetic imagery as her practicality and warmth supplied the environment for his writing. As with the restoration of Ballylee, they were intimate collaborators - but her instinct was always for self-effacement. Though valued by numerous writer-friends (among them Lennox Robinson, Thomas McGreevy, and Frank O'Connor) as a perceptive critic - and known to have written two plays and a novel, which she suppressed - she deliberately hid her talents from public view. Her choice was to appear as Yeats's wife, helpmeet, and secretary, the mother of his children - and for thirty years after his death the tireless overseer of his literary legacy and a knowledgeable adviser to generations of younger critics and writers. For the first time, this intelligent and creative woman is allowed to take centre stage. Drawing on memoirs and a wealth of unknown and unpublished sources, this biography by the distinguished scholar Ann Saddlemyer reveals someone much more significant than just 'Mrs W. B. Yeats' - a personality at once visionary and practical, and an important figure in twentieth-century literary history.

'A delight' Hugh Warwick, ecologist and author of A Prickly Affair 'Hilarious and heartbreaking' Lee Schofield, author of Wild Fell 'A necessary nature book.' John Lewis-Stempel 'A triumph' Charles Foster, author of Cry of the Wild, Being a Human and A Little Brown Sea Hedgehogs are disappearing. Their numbers are estimated to have halved in less than twenty years. Why? Who could possibly have it in for the hedgehog when in poll after poll they come out top as our favourite mammal. Is it the car driver, the badger, the farmer, or the gardener? Magnifying glass in hand, Tom Moorhouse investigates the evidence. On a vital mission to bring those responsible to justice, prevent further murder and save a species, he uncovers a story full of twists, turns and uncomfortable truths about the trade-offs that exist between humans and wildlife. And then thankfully he provides solutions. A final chapter equips the reader with the toolkit required to try and coax our beloved hedgehogs back.

ENDURING LITERATURE ILLUMINATED

BY PRACTICAL SCHOLARSHIP

The unforgettable story of Heathcliff and Catherine, whose doomed love torments them in a tempest of madness, vengeance, and redemption.

EACH ENRICHED CLASSIC EDITION INCLUDES:

- A concise introduction that gives readers important background information

- A chronology of the author's life and work

- A timeline of significant events that provides the book's historical context

- An outline of key themes and plot points to help readers form their own interpretations

- Detailed explanatory notes

- Critical analysis, including contemporary and modern perspectives on the work

- Discussion questions to promote lively classroom and book group interaction

- A list of recommended related books and films to broaden the reader's experience

Enriched Classics offer readers affordable editions of great works of literature enhanced by helpful notes and insightful commentary. The scholarship provided in Enriched Classics enables readers to appreciate, understand, and enjoy the world's finest books to their full potential.

SERIES EDITED BY CYNTHIA BRANTLEY JOHNSON

Henry is ietwat aan die lywige kant, daarom dat van die ander ouens in Graad 9 hom spottenderwys Koning Henry noem. Hy voel vere vir rugby en krieket - tot sy pa se ewige misnoee. Maar rekenaars is 'n ander saak! Op daardie gebied stof hy al sy skoolmaats uit. Een van Henry se lekkerste tydverdrywe is om laatnag van die een chat room na die volgende te surf op die Internet, op soek na iemand by wie hy aanklank vind. Een aand glimlag die geluksgodin vir hom: nie alleen maak die geheimsinnige Wolf weer sy verskyning nie, maar daar is ook 'n nuwe ou wat Henry se taal praat.

Equity and Trusts in Australia offers an accessible introduction to the principles of Australian equity and trusts law for students, linking key doctrines to their wider relationship with the law. The text covers foundational topics of equity and trusts law, including the nature of equity, fiduciary relationships and trust structures. This edition has been revised to include recent landmark decisions and a new chapter on termination and variation of trusts. Each chapter concludes with a guide to the online resources, which encourage students to extend their knowledge of the content through further reading, practice problems and discussion topics. Written by a team of experienced authors, Equity and Trusts in Australia is an ideal text for students undertaking this area of study for the first time. A Sourcebook on Equity and Trusts in Australia is also available and provides cases and primary legal materials to accompany Equity and Trusts in Australia.

Lawmaking provides many opportunities for proposals to be altered, amended, tabled, or stopped completely. The ideal legislator should assess evidence, update his or her beliefs with new information, and sometimes be willing to change course. In practice, however, lawmakers face criticism from the media, the public, and their colleagues for “flip-flopping.” Legislators may also only appear to change positions in some cases as a means of voting strategically. This book presents a systematic examination of legislative indecision in American politics. This might occur via “waffling”—where a legislator cosponsors a bill, then votes against it at roll call. Or it might occur when a legislator votes one way on a bill, then switches her vote to the other side. In Indecision in American Legislatures, Jeffrey J. Harden and Justin H. Kirkland develop a theoretical framework to explain indecision itself, as well as the public’s attitudes toward indecision. They test their expectations with data sources from American state legislatures, the U.S. Congress, and survey questions administered to American citizens. Understanding legislative indecision from both the legislator and citizen perspectives is important for discussions about the quality of representation in American politics.

Since the 1960s, the class action lawsuit has been a powerful tool for holding businesses accountable. Yet years of attacks by corporate America and unfavorable rulings by the Supreme Court have left its future uncertain. In this book, Brian T. Fitzpatrick makes the case for the importance of class action litigation from a surprising political perspective: an unabashedly conservative point of view. Conservatives have opposed class actions in recent years, but Fitzpatrick argues that they should see such litigation not as a danger to the economy, but as a form of private enforcement of the law. He starts from the premise that all of us, conservatives and libertarians included, believe that markets need at least some rules to thrive, from laws that enforce contracts to laws that prevent companies from committing fraud. He also reminds us that conservatives consider the private sector to be superior to the government in most areas. And the relatively little-discussed intersection of those two beliefs is where the benefits of class action lawsuits become clear: when corporations commit misdeeds, class action lawsuits enlist the private sector to intervene, resulting in a smaller role for the government, lower taxes, and, ultimately, more effective solutions. Offering a novel argument that will surprise partisans on all sides, The Conservative Case for Class Actions is sure to breathe new life into this long-running debate.

After the unsuccessful Jameson Raid of 1896 the Kruger government realized how vulnerable the South African Republic was. Four forts were therefore built around Pretoria. For each fort a 155-mm gun was bought from the firm Schneider et Cie in Le Creusot, France. When the Anglo-Boer War erupted in 1899 these guns were taken from Pretoria to be used against the British at the sieges of Ladysmith, Mafeking and Kimberley. After the relief of these towns and especially after the Boers adopted guerrilla tactics, the Long Toms became a burden, because they could not easily be moved about. The result was that the Boers destroyed the Long Toms to prevent the guns being taken by the enemy.Several myths and legends about these four guns had their origin during the war. And, as is so typical with folklore, it is often difficult to distinguish between what is fact and what is fiction about the Long Toms, especially as accounts have come to us through the years by means of oral tradition. Were they really as formidable as the Boers made them out to be? Did they really outclass the British guns in range as well as in accuracy and effectiveness? And what happened to them eventually? Why are there today no Long Toms to be seen anywhere? How did they disappear? Were they destroyed by the Boers themselves and, if not, what happened to them after the war? Is there, as rumor has it, one lying somewhere in a hidden kloof where it was dumped by the Boers still waiting to be found? What happened to their remains? Why are the remains nowhere to be seen? Is there still a complete Long Tom somewhere in England?"

Las Siete Partidas, Volume 1 The Medieval Church: The World of Clerics and Laymen (Partida I) Translated by Samuel Parsons Scott. Edited by Robert I. Burns, S.J. "An indispensable contribution the the medieval Iberian field, and a valuable addition to medieval studies generally. . . . On almost any page, one finds a wealth of engrossing data concerning daily life, practice, and belief in thirteenth-century Castile. The level of detail is compelling, and provides a wide-ranging view of medieval life and thought that goes far beyond mere prescriptive edicts."--Olivia Remie Constable, "The Medieval Review" "Las Siete Partidas," or Seven Divisions, is the major law code of thirteenth-century Spain, compiled by Alfonso X the Learned of Castile. Seven centuries later, this compendium of legal and customary information remains the foundation of modern Spanish law. In addition, its influence is notable in the law of Spain's former colonies, including Texas, California, and Louisiana. The work's extraordinary scope offers unparalleled insight into the social, intellectual, and cultural history of medieval Spain. Built on the armature of a law code, it is in effect an encyclopedia of medieval life. Long out of print, the English translation of "Las Siete Partidas"--first commissioned in 1931 by the American Bar Association--returns in a superior new edition. Editor and distinguished medieval historian Robert I. Burns, S.J., provides critical historical material in a new general Introduction and extensive introductions to each Partida. Jerry Craddock of the University of California, Berkeley, provides updated bibliographical notes, and Joseph O'Callaghan of Fordham University contributes a section on law in Alfonso's time. Robert I. Burns, S.J., is a senior professor of history at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Director of the Institute of Medieval Mediterranean Spain in Playa del Rey, California. The Middle Ages Series 2000 336 pages 6 7/8 x 9 1/2 ISBN 978-0-8122-1738-4 Paper $34.95s 23.00 World Rights History, Law Short copy: A major thirteenth-century Spanish law code whose tenets can still be found in the state laws of California, Texas, and Louisiana.

At the time of the adoption of the American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man in 1948, there was little indication that the Declaration would ultimately yield a highly institutionalized system comprised of a quasi-judicial Inter-American Commission and an authoritative Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Today, however, the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) has emerged as a central actor in the global human rights regime. This comprehensive volume explores the institutional changes and transformations that the IAHRS has undergone since its creation, offering contributions and insights from a variety of disciplines including history, law, and political science. The book shows how institutional change has affected and been affected by the System's normative leanings, rules of procedure and institutional design, as well as by the position of the IAHRS within the broader landscape of the Americas. The authors examine institutional change from a variety of angles, including the process of change in historical context, normative and legal developments, and the dynamic relationship between the IAHRS and other regional and international human rights institutions. This book was originally published as a special issue of The International Journal of Human Rights.

This book introduces students to all the basics of electronics. After working through this book, a student will have a good knowledge of: DC power supplies; signal/function generators; digital multimeters; oscilloscopes; low power analogue electronic devices.