The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) was creat ed to promote cooperative efforts toward solving critical health and safety questions involving foods, drugs, cosmet ics, chemicals, and other aspects of the environment. The Officers and Trustees believe that questions regarding health and safety are best resolved when government and industry rely on scientific investigations, analyses, and reviews by independent experts. Further, the scientific aspects of an issue should be examined and discussed on an international basis, separate from the political concerns of individual companies. ILSI is pleased to sponsor this set of monographs on the pathology of laboratory animals. This project will be use ful in improving the scientific basis for the application of pathologic techniques to health and safety evaluation of substances in our environment. The world wide distribu tion of the authors, editors, and Editorial Board who are creating these monographs strengthens the expectation that international communication and cooperation will al so be strengthened."

In this book, concerned with the spatial and structural repre- sentation of the cell and its particular specializations, the author hasdeviatedconsiderablyfrom the usual planfor other books related to this subject and has presented the illustrative material in the form of detailed and accurate drawings. The layout of the book provides the reader with a briefnarrative accountoftheparticularorganelleaccompanied byafull-plate illustration on the facing page. Most ofthe narrative accounts areaccompaniedbyashortbibliographyofgermanereferences in the event the reader desires to pursue the subject matter in greater depth. In my estimation there is no other presentation currentlyavailablewhich utilizes thisapproach to demonstrate the cellular components and their associated morphophysi- ology with such elegance. Thetextisclearlywrittenand,althoughtheindividualaccounts are brief, they are highly informative with all ofthe important details being provided. The accuracy ofthe textural presenta- tions and the continuity ofexpression provide strong evidence that the author has spent an enormous amount of time in preparing the text and in painstakingly drawing the illustra- tions. Certainly, an obvious strength ofthis volume is the high qualityoftheillustrativerenditions, allofwhichweredrawnby Dr. KRSTIC. These attest to the profound and comprehensive nature of the author's knowledge of the field of cellular and structural biology. This book is truly a work oflove and art by one who is gifted both didactically and artistically. Dr. KRSTIC should be con- gratulated for providing us with an extremely accurate and detailedaccountofthe 2-dimensional, andinmanycasesthe 3- dimensional, view of the cell and its component organelles. It has no equal.

Prior to the virtual atomic explosion of medical knowledge, at a time when communica tion was very much slower, a medical book, to be authoritative and believable, had to be written by a very knowledgable, and, per force, usually quite senior person. The choice of texts was limited and tended to be dominated by a few "classic" (a phrase not quite synonymous with dogma). Following the information explosion, the scenario is quite different. Not only is there a geometric progression in the quantity and speed of devel opment of new medical knowledge, but also this development is occurring at very dif ferent rates in different countries. This is particularly true in medical imaging. The result is that it is now virtually impossible to produce a "single author" book that can cover the field or even a subdivi sion of it. This absolute requirement for multiple authors has in turn created the need for a new type of editor/author who must be multinational in approach, have a uniquely informed appreciation of what is going on in medical imaging research throughout the entire world and possess the depth of personal knowledge and experience to judge cor rectly what work is the most rigorous and likely to have the greatest impact."

(North American) Blastomycosis is caused by the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermati- tidis, first described by Gilchrist andStokes in 1896. The perfect stage was grown by Mc- Donough and Lewis in 1967 and is known as Ajellomyces dermatitidis. In the body and on appropriate media at 37 C, the organism presents itself as a round, thick-walled budding yeast cell, characteristically with a broad porus between mother and daughter cells. The yeast cell is multinucleated. For many years, North America was assumed to be the only place where blastomycosis was found, but recent demonstration of indigenous African cases changed this impression (Emmons et al., 1964). Within the United States, more cases are seen in Kentucky, Ohio, the Carolinas, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Tennessee, Arkansas, and the Virginias than in the remainder of the country (Chick, 1971). In Mexico, occasionally, and in the provinces of Canada adjacent to the endemic areas of the United States, endemic blasto- mycosis has been recognized. Soil has been long suspected as the habitat for the fungus, but recovery from soil has seldom been successful (Denton and Di Salvo, 1964). The primary infection is, as a rule, pulmonary with frequent secondary foci in skin, bone, male genital system, and, eventually, spares no organ in widely disseminated cases. The rare cases of primary cutaneous blastomycosis are consequences of accidental percutaneous laboratory infection. These can be clinically easily differentiated from the average case of secondary hematogenous spread to the skin (Landay and Schwarz, 1971).

Traditions are dangerous; doubly so in science. Traditions are unchanging; science is about change. This was the 4th International Colloquium on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Pregnancy and the Newborn to be held in Aberdeen, and by now the form is set. How much its content has changed is a matter of nice judgement and not under the control of the organizers. It is not within their power to bring news of revolution, if there has been no revolution. Certainly many of the speakers had kent faces from previous Aberdeen meetings, but so they would be at any meeting on diabetes anywhere in the world. The written proceedings of scientific conferences have purposes other than to record changes: sometimes they need to state a consensus. The 3rd Colloquium came to an agreement about the importance of prepregnancy recognition and control of abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism. The 4th set out to examine what results it had achieved. Much of this book is taken up with follow-up studies of the applications of similar regimes in different parts of the world. Since the first Aberdeen meeting in 1973, progress in the manage ment of diabetic pregnancy has been slow and steady, but the change in the city and the society where the meetings took place has been fast.

Increasingly, pathologists are being confronted with the effects of a number of complex devices on the body. Cardiac pace-makers are becoming increasingly sophisticated, ventricular support systems for the heart are well established, and vascular and other protheses are being used in increasing numbers. New joint systems, contraceptive devices used as drug delivery systems, and the use of new cement materials all provide challenges in terms of their pathology. The articles in this text collectively form a body of information on these devices not available elsewhere and with an up-to-date bibliography.

Pathology of Multiple Pregnancy collates case material from over 500 autopsies (including embryos) and 1200 placentas from twins, triplets, and higher multiples with selected literature on human multiple reproduction. It emphasizes important new concepts of pathophysiology and interpretation of less than ideal outcomes of multiple conception based on over 30 years experience in the field. Aspects of perinatal pathology unique to twins and higher multiples are emphasized, with practical suggestions for the service pathologist, including items of potential medico-legal significance. Controversial topics, such as the value of studies of concordance for diseases or malformations, and the significance of inter-twin anastomoses, are addressed and suggestions made for further investigation. A close working relationship between pathologists and clinical colleagues is encouraged by discussion of clinico-pathological correlations. And, the most recent discussions on mechanisms of twinning and genetic versus environmental influences on the development of twins are presented.

The Leitmotiv of the Second Convention of the Academia Eurasiana Neurochirurgica was "Cerebrum convalescit" - literally "the brain recovers." The focus of the meeting was on plasticity of the central nervous system, one of the most decisive factors in recovery and readaption after cerebral lesions. Distinguished experts from the fields of neurosurgery, neurology, neurophysiology, anatomy, pathology, oncology, and pharmacology discussed the following topics: - Molecular and cellular basis of plasticity - Regeneration and growth in the CNS - Self-organization of neuronal network - Brain oedema - a reparatory process? - Growth factors and carcinogenesis

This Atlas of Oral PathologV is intended primarily as a ances where appropriate and reproduce relevant radio graphs. Every pathologist who deals with bone specimens bench companion for the general diagnostic pathologist. especially the trainee. It has not been designed to cover will know the value of radiographs, and some indeed are the subject fully and in detail, nor does it enter into the reluctantto make a diagnosis in their absence. In addition, radiographs may give a good idea of the extent aFld other more theoretical aspects. Since the book is essentially an atlas the text has been features of a lesion that may be represented in the first kept to a minimum, but in it we have tried to adopt'a instance only by a small biopsy specimen. practical approach, with special regard to differential diag While many of the illustrations have been made from nosis. We have made some remarks about the clinical sections freshly cut and stained for the purpose, others features of the various conditions dealt with, since this have been prepared from stained sections already in our may help the pathologist to appreciate what is in the refer files and since, in addition, the material comes principally ring clinician's mind in an area with which the pathologist from two departments, as well as from outside sources, may not be particularly familiar."

Methods in Bone Biology is unique in being devoted to describing the methodology used by bone researchers. This book describes in detail the techniques of cell and organ culture used in the study of bone and bone cell function and the techniques used to monitor the skeleton and skeletal remodelling both in clinical and experimental settings.

Endoscopic neurosurgical interventions gain in importance. This book gives adetailed description of the recent indi- cations of endoscopic procedures inmodern neurosurgery. They include endoscopic stereotaxy, endoscopic evacuations of intracerebral hematomas, cysts and abscesses as well as endoscopic interventions on brain tumors. An extended over- view about the usable endoscopes and the operative equipment is pointed out

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) was estab lished to stimulate and support scientific research and edu cational programs in nutrition, toxicology, and food safe ty; and to encourage cooperation in these programs among scientists from universities, industry, and government in order to facilitate the resolution of health and safety issues. The officers and trustees of ILSI believe that questions re garding health and safety are best resolved when govern ment and industry rely on scientific investigations, analy ses, and reviews by independent experts. This process is furthered by the examination and discussion of issues on an international basis. ILSI is pleased to sponsor this set of monographs on the pathology of laboratory animals. This project collectively brings together the most comprehensive information on non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions that occur in com monly used laboratory animals. The international compo sition of the authors, editors, and editorial board who have contributed to these monographs strengthens our expecta tions that understanding and cooperation will be strength ened worldwide through this series."

Reevaluation of tumor classification, differential diagnosis and differential therapy based on modern knowledge. Revision of all chapters to incorporate new facts based on recent discoveries.

Twenty-five years have passed since J. MILLER'S basic work on the central role of the thymus for the generation of immunological reactivi ty. During this time, the abundance of fascinating literature on the immunological and functional aspects of this organ has been in contrast to the paucity of reports on its role in pathology. The causal or formal pathogenesis even of many of the well-documented pathological fea tures is so far unexplained or at least uncertain. In spite of some concep tual progress related to the work of CASTLEMAN, LEVINE, and ROSAI, we regrettably have to say that in pathology the thymus remains almost as inconspicuous as 25 years ago. Only the new techniques developed in recent years have made it possible to look as closely into the complicated structural organization of the thymus as it appears to be necessary to observe and document abnormalities. Major steps have been taken with the advent of mono clonal antibody immune histochemistry and with detailed ultrastructur al studies in embryology. At this point, pathologists and researchers with a special interest in the thymus were asked to give overviews of their respective fields of interest in light of recent findings in immunology and basic insights into the structural-functional interrelationship of the human thymus. The results of this initiative have been brought together in this volume.

The purpose of this work is to review the current knowledge of laryngeal pathology in the light of my experience at the Institute of Laryngology and Otology, London. The role of histopathological investigations in the care of patients with diseases of the larynx is given special consideration. Radiologi cal study of the larynx has become more refined in recent years with the introduction of computerised tomography. Microlaryngoscopy with biopsy of the interior of the larynx is now a frequent procedure in the diagnosis of laryngeal disease. In the effort to interpret the findings resulting from these methods, the need for a monograph outlining the pathological basis of laryngeal disorders has arisen. To the best of my knowledge, such a work, devoted to the pathology of the larynx only, has never been written; a modern study in this field is certainly not available. I have aimed the text towards the practising pathologist in order to give it the broadest scope. It was necessary, therefore, to include an account of the basic anatomy of the larynx. For this purpose (and in subsequent descriptions throughout the book) I have not used the formal anatomical terminology for the two folds on either side of the ventricle of the larynx. There is some variation in the use of these terms, and they are not yet completely in general use."

This book represents the fourth ina series of international conferences related to Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PO) diseases. The first one took place in EHat, Israel in 1985; the second in Kyoto, Japan, in 1989; and the third in Chicago, IL, USA in 1993. This book incorporates the proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Pro gress in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases, held in EHat, Israel, on May 18-23, 1997. This Conference was the 41st in the series of annual OHOLO Conferences sponsored by the Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR). It was also conducted under the aus pices of the Alzheimer's Association Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute, USA. The Conference was attended by 550 participants from 28 countries, representing a broad spectrum of research interests; and included a well-balanced representation from aca demia, clinical institutions and pharmaceutical industry. The four-and-one-half day meeting served as an excellent medium for surveying the current preclinical and clinical develop ments in AD, PO, and other related disorders. The scientific program was divided into 24 oral sessions and daily poster sessions. The conference culminated in a round table discus sion. There were 122 talks and 161 posters. This book incorporates a combination of both.

One out of every two men over eigthy suffers from carcinoma of the prostate.It is discovered incidentally in many patients with an alleged benign prostatic hyperplasia. In treating patients, the authors make clear that primary radical prostatectomy is preferred over transurethral resection due to the lower complication rate.

Almost all known tumors and tumor-like conditions of the fe- male lower genital tract are classified in this complete mo- nograph on the subject. Clinical features, treatment and prognosis ar included, making this book a practical refe- rence for the busy clinician.

New methods in immunocytochemistry and hybridization techniques enable the pathologist active in diagnosis to clarify more effectively problems in the classification and prognosis of tumors. By adopting these methods into his diagnostic repertoire it will be possible to create a closer, more productive connection between morphological diagnosis and clinical work. This volume gives the reader an up-to-date general survey from international experts of the method, technique and practical application of these new procedures.

John R. Petersen and Amin A. Mohammad, along with a panel of leading basic and clinical investigators, review those CE methods that are now replacing many routine serum and blood tests in clinical and forensic laboratories. Major areas reviewed include the coating of columns; the analysis of serum, urine, and CSF proteins and paraproteins; abnormal hemoglobins and hemoglobin Alc; peptides, amino and organic acids; therapeutic drugs; drugs of abuse; viral load; and short tandem repeats (STR). The methods discussed include capillary zone, micellar, electrokinetic, capillary gel, and non-aqueous electrophoresis. Innovative and highly practical, Clinical and Forensic Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis demonstrates the power and versatility of CE-not only to develop new assays, but also to markedly simplify today's clinical and forensic laboratory methodology.

Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tract Tumors describes current imaging practice for the most commonly encountered benign and malignant digestive tract tumors and gives a review of the literature for less frequent tumors. General features (anatomic data, frequency, clinical and biologic signs, treatment) are discussed for all pathologies prior to description of imaging techniques, which include barium studies, ultrasonography and angiography, and above all CT. MRI appears particularly indicated for esophageal carcinoma and pelvic recurrences of colorectal cancers. The book is divided into three main section - benign tumors, malignant tumors, and tumors with an indeterminate prognosis - reflecting the value of different imaging strategies as a function of a tumor's natural history. The thorough analysis of literature for both frequent and less common tumors allows global evaluation of the diagnostic possibilities of imaging techniques, making Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tract Tumors a reference work for all specialists concerned with digestive tract pathologies.

Rarely have the many mechanisms that might underlie neural plasticity been examined as explicitly as they are in this broad, lavishly illustrated treatment of plasticity in the somatosensory system. The reader is provided with state-of-the-art knowledge of connections at all levels of the somatosensory system. The authors examine the propensity for changes of connectivity in both the mature and developing mammal and make clear proposals regarding the mechanisms underlying these changes. Their functional significance to relevant psychophysical and neurological observations is also discussed.

Respiratory cytopathology is indispensable in the workup of patients suspected of having lung cancer requiring cytologic evaluation and is used increasingly in immunocompromised patients for the identification of infectious diseases. Currently, there is no single text devoted exclusively to Pulmonary Cytology. Color Atlas of Pulmonary Cytopathology is the only text to include, under one cover, up-to-date information on every aspect of Respiratory Cytopathology. The atlas includes techniques of bronchoscopy, brochoalveolar lavage, and fine needle aspiration biopsy, a detailed section on cytopreparatory techniques, liberal use of images on histomorphology to complement cytology, emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls, a detailed section on cytopathology of non-neoplastic conditions, unusual and uncommon lesions, cytology of metastatic lung cancers to other body sites, and a section on pediatric pulmonary cytology. Abundantly illustrated with over 1300 color images on 108 plates, the atlas presents not only the usual cytohistologic patterns of various disease entities, but also focuses on differential diagnostic problems and depicts the differentiating features. Over 75 tables summarize cytologic criteria and differentiating features. A must-have reference for cytotechnology students, cytotechnologists, pathologists, pathology residents, cytopathologists, as well as pulmonologists.

The only book to attempt any perspective on methods of assessing cell proliferation is published to satisfy the growing interest amongst pathologists and clinicians in areas which have for more than three decades been the preserve of experimental biologists

These collected papers represent only a small part of the large amount of new work in the field of stereotaxy. The number of contributions to the Birmingham meeting was such that only selected papers, chosen as representative of advances in the field, could be printed. These papers present the most up to date accounts of major advances in stereotactic imaging and the renewed interest in the stereotactic treatment of movement disorders. Contents Section I. Stereotactic Imaging, Tumours and Haematomas Lipinski, H. G., Struppler, A., Birk, P.: Transformation Modes in Computerized Human Thalamic Brain Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 3 . . . Giunta, F., Marini, G., Bertossi, M.: Stereotactic Computer Graphic System with Brain Maps. . ., 7 Giorgi, c., Cerchiari, U., Broggi, G., Contardi, N., Birk, P., Struppler, A: An Intraoperative Interactive Method to Monitor Stereotactic Functional Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . 10 Giorgi, c., Cerchiari, u., Broggi, G., Passerini, A.: 3-D Reconstruction of Cerebral Angiography in Stereotactic Neurosurgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 13 . . Vandermeulen, D., Suetens, P., Gybels, J., Oosteriinck, A: Angiographic Localizer Ring for the BRW Stereotactic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . 15 . . . Uematsu, S., Rosenbaum, A. E., Erozan, Y. S., Gupta, P. K., Moses, H., Nauta, H. J., Rigsby, W. H., Wang, A, Weiderman, L., Kumar, A J.: Intraoperative CT Monitoring During Stereotactic Brain Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 18 . . .