Only up-to-date title in the market

Current topic with significant media coverage

Internationally relevant, the use of asbestos and its consequences is a global problem

This title aids in pathological diagnosis which is very difficult

Contributors are experts from France, UK, USA, Australia and Canada

Plentiful, colored illustrations complete the text

Target group exceeds pathologists: The diagnosis is evidence for medico-legal purposes, which makes the book invaluable to members of legal profession specializing in this disease "

Many unexplored complex cellular and organismal adaptations occur in response to the stress of alcohol exposure, and its contribution to the development of chronic diseases, such as osteoporosis, heart disease and diabetes, is particularly relevant today, given the increased incidence of these diseases in our aging population. In Alcohol: Methods and Protocols, the pleiotropic effects of ethanol in animal and cell culture models are rigorously examined through a collection of detailed procedures written by experts in the field. Sections present clearly defined models of ethanol exposure, recent advances in the development of specific methodologies to mimic the impact of ethanol metabolism in cultured cells, and methodologies to investigate a variety of cells and tissues that are known to be disrupted by ethanol, amongst other topics.

This volume is based on the 10th International Nidovirus Symposium: Towards Control of SARS and other Nidovirus Diseases. The volume includes articles by all of the major contributors to this burgeoning area of research which summarize the work presented at the meeting.

This represents the only comprehensive book to cover this field in the last five years.

The diagnostic relevance of results, obtained by myocardial biopsy has not yet been defined. This book is the outcome of an international meeting which took place in July 1978 to assess the importance of myocardial biopsy. The meeting was organized under the auspicies of the International Society and Federation of Cardiology, and speak ers from many parts of Europe were invited to report on their ex perience with this new technique. The special aim was to correlate myocardial biopsy results with clinical and hemodynamic data in different myocardial diseases and to outline the relevance of myo cardial biopsy techniques for morphological, morphometric, im munologic and biochemical purposes. Most of the essential parts of the discussions has been included in the text of the contributors. I should like to express my gratitude to Professor J.F. Goodwin, Professor E.GJ. Olsen, and Professor G. Riecker, who acted as chair men and to all the participants of the workshop. I should particu larely like to thank Professor G. Riecker who encouraged the search for new ideas and insight into disease processes. I should like to acknowledge gratefully the generous financial support given by Pharma Schwarz, Monheim, West-Germany. In addition I am particularely grateful to the Springer-Verlag, who has arranged this edition accurately, including special intentions of the editor."

Guidelines for Reports by Autopsy Pathologists is intended to help the autopsy pathologist produce reports that communicate well. Having evolved from a coll- tion of faculty critiques of the autopsy reports, summary and opinion reports, scene reports, and death certi?cates produced by residents in anatomic pathology and f- lows in forensic pathology, the book emphasizes topics that have been troublesome for trainees. For clinicians, the medical record describes their work product. For autopsy pathologists, the written report is the work product and demands an acco- ingly higher standard of composition. Most reports produced by pathologists can be divided into objective and subjective elements, or, in other words, ?ndings and opinions. The pathologist must have a clear understanding of the linkage between the two. When composing a report, the autopsy pathologist should serve the goal of c- municating to the parties who will read the report, namely, the case pathologist him- or herself (at a later date), attorneys, the family of the decedent, and other physicians. I believe that careless and imprecise thinking leads to sloppy language, and that sloppy language leads to careless and imprecise thinking. In my experience, pathologists who learn how to clearly express and organize their ?ndings and op- ions in a written format make more detailed and focused observations at the autopsy table.

The subject of the apallic syndrome is one which has long been familiar to me, although I have not personally studied it as deeply as I would have wished. I became acquainted with this syndrome long before the last war, when my neurosurgical colleague Hugh Cairns (1952), made his pioneer contribution under the term "akinetic mutism" . This was an ar- resting title, but it was one which did not altogether satisfy some of his colleagues, includ- ing myself. We found it difficult to suggest an alternative. That is one reason why I wel- come the expression "apallic syndrome" . Forensic practice has forced me from time to time to consider rather more deeply this distressing syndrome, and to try and marshal my ideas in a form which would satisfy my colleagues in the legal profession. More than once I have been instructed to make a medico- legal assessment of these unfortunate patients. The points which have concerned my lawyer friends have not been matters of diagnosis, or of morbid anatomy, or of etiology. The fac- tual problem which has been put before me was to make some approximate assessment as to the expectation of life. Vague guess-work is unacceptable in such circumstances. What the lawyers require is a precise and dogmatic answer.

This volume forms part of a prestigious series and covers the latest advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of asthma. Our understanding of asthma has changed dramatically in recent years, and much of this new information is brought together in this volume written by inter nationally recognised authorities. The aim of the book is to review in depth the changing concepts of inflammatory processes in asthma and to discuss the implications for research of this common chronic disease. Many of the advances in and future therapy our understanding of asthma have originated from a pharmacological approach, and this volume highlights the promising new options for pharma cological intervention. It is hoped this book will be invaluable for research scientists and clinic ians involved in asthma research and will be a major reference resource for chest physicians and those involved in the development of novel pharmaceu tical entities. Each chapter is extensively referenced, generously illustrated with clear diagrams and photographs, and represents a state-of-the-art review of this growing area. c.P. PAGE P.l. BARNES Contents CHAPTER 1 The Pathology of Asthma: An Overview L.A. LAmNEN and A. LAmNEN. With 10 Figures ...................... 1 A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Methods to Investigate the Pathology of Human Asthma ............ 1 C. Bronchial Epithelium and Inflammatory Cells in Asthmatic Patients Between Attacks ........................... 2 I. Mast Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. Eosinophils ............................................... 7 III. Neutrophils.............................................. 10 D. Bronchial Epithelial Inflammation During an Asthma Attack. . . . . .. . 10 E. Epithelial Regeneration .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 12 . . . . . . . . ."

The 1st Edition of Histopathology of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas, written in col laboration with Professor H. STEIN and published in 1981, was received well and is now out of print. In the meantime, there has been an explosion of data that not only have made the definitions of various entities more precise but, above all, have confirmed the main entities originally delineated in the Kiel classification. The development of monoclonal antibodies and molecular cytogenetics has also made it possible to identify T-cell lymphomas more accurately. For example, many of the malignant lymphomas that were previously considered to be unclas sifiable can now be included in a classification scheme that places the T-cell lymphomas alongside of the list of B-cell lymphomas. In 1988 the European Lymphoma Club published an "updated Kiel classification" (STANSFELD et al. 1988) based on this new knowledge. It includes a number of previously undefined types of T-cell lymphoma. Studies done in Japan (T. SUCH! et al.) and China (L. Y Tu) have contributed to the understanding of these lymphoma types.

A comprehensive reference guide to the successful performance of pediatric autopsies and to the optimal recognition and interpretation of their pathologic findings. The authors cover such major developmental disorders as hydrops, chromosomal defects, and congenital abnormalities, metabolic disorders, and review the major organ systems. Additional chapters address sudden infant death, cytogenetics, the medical and forensic autopsy, special procedures, cultures and infection control, and biological hazards at the autopsy. Numerous standard reference tables, copious illustrations and drawings, and an appendix at the end of each chapter provide a wealth of practical information and bibliographic citations.

In 1971, J. Folkman published in the New England Journal of Medicine a hypothesis that tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent. Folkman introduced the concept that tumors probably secrete diffusible molecules that could stimulate the growth of new blood vessels toward the tumor and that the resulting tumor neovascularization could conceivably be prevented or interrupted by angiogenesis inhibitors. Solid and haematological tumors consist of an avascular and a subsequent vascular phase. Assuming that this depends on the release of angiogenic factors, acquisition of angiogenic capability can be seen as an expression of progression from neoplastic transformation to tumor growth and metastasis.

Beginning in the 1980 s, the biopharmaceutical industry began exploiting the field of antiangiogenesis for creating new therapeutic compounds for modulating new blood vessels in tumor growth. In 2004, Avastin (Bevacizumab), a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, was the first angiogenesis inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of colorectal cancer. At present, it has been estimated that over 20,000 cancer patients worldwide have received experimental form of antiangiogenic therapy.

This book offers a historical account of the relevant literature. It also emphasizes the crucial and paradigmatic role of angiogenesis as a biological process and the significance of antiangiogenic approach for the treatment of tumors."

The classification of tumors is important for understanding tumor histogenesis, for predicting prognosis, for differential diagnosis, and for recommending appropriate therapy. Since 1836, when pancreatic cancer was first described, progress has been made in pancreatic cancer morphology, and a number of classifications have been proposed. All of these classifications are mainly based on morphological characteristics. Some are too detailed to be of practical use while others are more pragmatic. Some of the inherent problems in the previous classifications included difficulties in obtaining an adequate number of pan creatic tumors for examination and insufficient clinical data and follow-up. With the increasing incidence of pancreatic cancer in many parts of the world during the past six decades, and with the availability of more tumors to patho logists, advances have been made in pancreatic tumor studies. Classifications by Cubilla and Fitzgerald and by Kloppel, which are generally similar, mostly considered prominent morphological features and their histogenesis. These pathology-oriented classifications, although complete, were not practical from the standpoint of clinicians concerned with the prognosis of individual tumors."

The preceding decade has seen the production of many cancer at lases. As with other techniques of descriptive epidemiology, these atlases have proved valuable in identifying areas for further re sear~h employing the methods of analytical epidemiology. How ever, the various cancer atlases produceq to date have failed to pro vide a common format of presentation, which has limited their comparability and frustrated in a large measure any attempt to compare risks across national boundaries, boundaries which in terms of environmental exposures may have little meaning. In this volume, many features of cancer atlases are presented and there are discussions on the areas where moves towards standardization could greatly increase the utility of the finished product. In contrast to topographic maps, i. e., representations of natural and man-made features on the surface of the earth, thematic maps concentrate on displaying the geographical occurrence and varia tion of a single phenomenon - the "theme" of the map. The link between thematic and base mapping is rather strong as the themat ic information to be depicted is of greater value if displayed on an accurate base map. Further, the thematic map generally uses statis tical data which are frequently related to internal administrative boundaries for enumeration. The major reason for constructing a thematic map is to discover the spatial structure of the theme of the map and to then relate the structure to some aspects of the under lying environment.

I was gratified by the most favorable reception and wide usage received by the first edition of this book. A decade seems to be a short period for a book on pathology, and yet it witnessed many important changes of concepts, along with a formidable growth of knowledge. The second edition required extensive reorganization. There are new chapters on mitochondriopathies, on peroxisomal diseases and on spongy myelino pathies. Major revisions and new additions were necessary in many chapters, for instance those on the dysplasias of the cerebral and of the cerebellar hemispheres, which were largely reorganized. The chapters on perinatal pathology were reordered and reorganized to give a more logical sequence of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal lesions. The entire text was worked over for brevity. A wealth of new references was added with the. aim of staying abreast with the literature up to summer 1988. All refer ences were double checked for errors. My gratitude goes to Mrs. Gisela Ropte and Mrs. Cynthia Bunker for their untiring, diligent help. As a result, this second edition is an essentially rewritten text. Advance in the prevention of human suffering is based on a thorough understand ing of the nature of disease. I hope that this text will continue to be of service in this behalf. Perhaps it may also reflect and foster the intellectual curiosity which makes the "reading of brains" so interesting an occupation. Gottingen, 1989 Reinhard L.

1 2 3 O. D. Wiestler , U. Schlege1 , andJ. Schramm lInstitut flir Neuropathologie, Universitatskliniken Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany 2Neurologische Universitatsklinik, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany 3Neurochirurgische Universitatsklinik, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25,53127 Bonn, Germany In contrast to various other neoplastic disorders, there has still been no dramatic progress in the treatment of gliomas. Modem microsurgical and imaging techniques have made more tumors surgically accessible and have allowed a more extensive surgical resection. However, these new developments have not improved the clinical outcome. Recently, molecular biological studies on genes and genetic loci affected in tumors of the nervous system have yielded significant new insights into pathoge- netic machanisms. Many neuro-oncologists are therefore looking forward to transla- ting molecular genetic findings into novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the management of these devastating neoplasms. We have produced this volume with the intention of highlighting major developments in both molecular and clinical neuro-oncology and of stimulating the communication and cooperation between these two fields. Two major families of growth-controlling genes have emerged from the past decade of intense research on the molecular genetics of tumors: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes are characterized by their potential to stimulate the growth of susceptible cells whereas tumor suppressor genes share a growth-inhibi- ting property. A stringently controlled interplay between these two regulatory me- chanisms is required to maintain a stable composition of tissues.

The decisive factor in trauma is that many processes first occur at the cellular level before they can be determined in laboratory tests, and recognition of them has only recently found its way into intensive care practice. Yet knowledge of the pathophysiology of these processes is essential for an early diagnosis of multiple organ failure and the implementation of adequate therapy, which ultimately make the patient's survival possible. Professor Schlag, an internationally renowned scientist and clinician, has been concerned with the basic pathophysiological principles of shock for many years. In this book he has brought together for the first time an international team of authors primarily from the USA and Europe, who present their collective findings of trauma, shock, development of the organ in shock and early failure and of sepsis-like syndrome, and development of septic multiple organ failure. Patienten mit Multiorganversagen haben immer noch eine schlechte Prognose in der intensivmedizinischen Behandlung, insbesondere wenn sie noch zusatzlich in einen septischen Schock geraten. Hier hilft auch oft eine breite Abdeckung mit modernsten Antibiotika nicht weiter. Neue Ansatze fur eine Therapie dieser problempatienten haben sich in den letzten Jahren durch Erkenntnisse der pathophysiologischeen Vorgange die zum Schock fuhren ergeben. Herr Professor Schlag hat als anerkannte Kapazitat auf dem Gebiet der Traumatologie und Schockforschung fur dieses erste umfassende Werk zu den Grundlagen des Multiorganversagens eine beeindruckende Liste von mehr als 50 international renommierten Autoren zusammenbekommen. Das Buch ist nicht nur eine Aufarbeitung aller Grundlagen des Schocks und Multiorganversagens sondern zudem ein ausgezeichnetes Nachschlagewerk fur jeden intensivmedizinisch tatigen Klinikarzt, egal ob er aus der Anasthesie, der Inneren Medizin oder der Unfallchirurgie kommt."

Contents: Intracranial Pressure and Mass Displacements of the Intracranial Contents. - Special Neuropathology - Morphology and Biology of the Space-Occupying and Atrophic Processes with Their Related Neuroradiological Changes of Diagnostic Significance. - Cerebral Angiography. - Pneumoencephalography. - Myelography. - Spinal Angiography. - Discography. - Ossovenography and Epidural Venography. - References. - Subject Index.

The last few years have witnessed major developments in molecular biology which have had a significant impact on biomedical knowledge. As a result new concepts in cell biology have emerged, new etiologic agents have been discovered, and new drugs have become available. Furthermore, the world of mediators, cytokines, and humoral factors has enlarged considerably in a relatively short period and this has modified our views of diverse physio pathologic processes as well as opened up new therapeutic prospects. In addition, recent technologic advances have revolutionized our diagnostic methodology and have greatly enhanced the power of our therapeutic resources. All these factors have contributed to a substantial remodeling of both liver science and clinical hepatology, and these changes have generated the motivation for the production of the present book, which attempts to give an account of well-known clinical facts in the light of current thinking. It is the fruit of the coordinated work of experts from different countries in three continents. In a sense, it is a manifestation of the fact that inter national cooperation is becoming increasingly important not only in the expansion of science but also in its exposition. We hope that Hepatobiliary Diseases will be useful to both students and clinicians and that internists, gastroenterologists, and general practitioners will find in its contents a satifactory coverage of their field of interest."

In Videofluorscopic Studies of Speech in Patients with Cleft Palate, Drs. M.L. Skolnick and E.R. Cohn present multiview videofluoroscopy as a technique for the radiological evaluation of speech defects in patients with cleft palate. Dr. Skolnick's invaluable contributions as both the originator and leading authority on the subject are discussed in a concise, clinical fashion. Topics examined include the anatomy and imaging of the velopharyngeal portal; the equipment and techniques of multiview videofluoroscopy; the interpretation of results and various patterns of velopharyngeal closure; Passavant's Ridge and patterns of velopharyngeal closure; normal and abnormal speech production; and the evaluation of test results. This book is the only source which concisely and completely describes the technique and its interpretations for those who need a description of the clinical procedure.

When it comes to bacterial disease, we are living in a state of false security. Antibiotics have indeed brought unprecedented health benefits, protection from and cure of bacterial diseases during the past 50 years. But there are ominous signs that the fortress and the defenses built on antibiotics are crumbling. They are crum bling because we wittingly or unwittingly created selective con ditions for the emergence of superior pathogens that can no longer be controlled by antibiotics. There are numerous warnings. After a long period of eclipse tuberculosis has now emerged as a serious threat unchecked by antibiotic treatment. Recent years have seen reports of cholera epidemics, of anthrax infections, of serious problems with Salmonella and even with E. coli, just to name a few. Mankind is in a race with microbial invaders. The challenge is to anticipate and respond to developments that affect the precarious balance between man and microbe. This will re quire new knowledge and it will take time for an effective appli cation of that knowledge."

Laboratory Animal Medicine has made enor We deeply appreciate the efforts of each of the mous strides in the 47 years since R. Jaffe published authors and co-authors of the 23 chapters in this his "Anatomy and Pathology of Spontaneous Dis two volume work. In some instances the reader will eases of Small Laboratory Animals" in 1931. So note what appears to be repetition in certain chap ters. This repetition was allowed to stand in some much new information had accumulated that in a cases because different approaches seemed useful, new edition in 1958, Jaffe, aided by Cohrs and Meessen, needed the assistance of 46 colleagues to although efforts were made to delete most of the do the subject justice. Like its predecessor, this two redundancy which inevitably arises in a venture of volume comprehensive treatise on "Pathologie der this kind. We will be grateful if our colleagues point out errors and send us specific and general Laboratoriumstiere" was written in German and criticism of this work to allow corrections in the thus not readily available to the widening circle of event of reprinting or a next edition. veterinarians and pathologists who now are inter One objective has been to assemble current in ested in laboratory animals. Aside from the need to have a comprehensive formation in the pathologic aspects of diseases of review of laboratory animal pathology in English, laboratory animals."

This second edition, completely revised and expanded with a new chapter on lower extremity trauma, presents chapters written by widely recognized authorities in the field of human traumatic injury. The topics covered range from automobile restraint systems to cell and tissue biomechanics, and will interest a variety of scholars and professionals including physicians; biomechanical researchers; mechanical, biomedical and automotive engineers; as well as attorneys and jurists involved in accidental injury cases.

Significant progress has doubtlessly been made in the field of cere bral protection compared to earlier centuries, as recently reviewed by Elisabeth Frost (6). She cites the recommendations for treat ment of brain trauma by Areteus, a Greek physician of the second century A. D. He expressed quite modem views with regard to the need for prompt action considering complications that follow even minor symptoms. He advised burr holes for evacuation of hema toma in seizures, the use of diuretics and, most interestingly, also hypothermia. German surgeons of the 17th century had little more to offer than prescriptions of which the most effective constituent was alcohol (10). Thus, Sir Astley Cooper was probably the next surgeon to make noteworthy contributions when advising the use of leeches to the temporal artery and other means of bleeding in stead of surgical intervention in cases of raised intracranial pressure (loc. cit. 6). Although our knowledge has greatly expanded during the last two decades, extensive discussions have led to only few conclusions. Promising results from animal studies were translated to clinical sit uations only to yield controversial and sometimes confusing results. Since the observations of Brierly (5) on ischemic cell damage, im proved information on structural aspects, probably even related to concomitant biochemical studies, should allow the validity of thera peutic concepts to be verified. Investigations on cerebral ischemia have led to the differentiation of synaptic transmission failure and membrane failure."

This volume is based on a workshop "Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Nervous Systems" held in n Ciocco, Castelvecchio, Pascoli, Italy, from September 8th to 13th, 1987. The purpose of the meeting was to bring together scientists working on plasticity in nervous systems on different levels. The contributions can be subgrouped into six fields of research: 1) Presynaptic Modulation of Chemical Neurotransmission 2) Postsynaptic Signal Transduction 3) Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in the Hippocampus 4) Modulation of Neuromuscular Transmission 5) Molecular and Cellular Analysis of Conditioning in Marine Snails 6) Analysis of Learning and Memory in Insects Understanding how nervous systems and in particular our brain processes and stores information has been a major challenge in science for centuries and will remain for some time to come. Not until recently neurobiologists agreed to seek plasticity of behavior primarily in the modulation of the properties of synapses between nerve cells. This is to be understood within the context provided by a neural circuitry. An important stimulus came from the work on the marine snail Aplysia, where learning processes can be described as a modulation of transmitter release, traced back to a complete chain of molecular events in an identified neuron. Learning became a topic of molecular biology. Three systems appear particularly promising for this approach: insects, in particular Drosophila, marine snails and the mammalian hippocampal tissue. Our views on neurotransmission have rapidly changed.

Soft tissue tumors are a very heterogeneous group of tumors in terms of histogenesis, morphology, cytogenetics, molecular biology, clinical manifestation, and prognosis. Their spectrum is fascinating for morphologists and basic scientists alike. Yet precisely this variability in the morphologic manifestation of soft tissue tumors, specifically their histologic and cytologic patterns, presents great difficulties to any effort to categorize them. Although many soft tissue tumors are today defined not only by histology but also by immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular biological findings, the histogenesis of many soft tissue tumors, in particular malignant ones, continues to be unknown. This is associated with the fact that the actual precursor cells that lead to these tumors have frequently not yet been identified. For this reason, the customary classification of malignant soft tissue tumors is primarily not histogenetic, but actually according to the dominant phenotype, however characteristic it is. Of course, an exact morphologic examination of soft tissue tumors con tinues to be an essential prerequisite for making a diagnosis and determining a therapy. The use of a wide range of additional modern examination techniques, however, can make a substantial contribution toward more precisely defining the biological behavior of a tumor, which without doubt can have therapeutic implications.

This volume is a compilation of papers presented at the Tenth International Symposium on Brain Edema held on October 20-23, 1996, in San Diego, California. This follows the sequence of meetings that was initiated 31 years ago in the First International Symposium held in Vienna. Subsequent symposiums were held in Mainz, Montreal, Berlin, Groningen, Tokyo, Baltimore, Bern, and Tokyo CY okohama). A considerable number of papers was chosen from over 100 papers that were received. The organizers wish to thank the Advisory Committee for the excellent work done in selection of the papers. We also wish to thank all the persons who contributed to the success of the Tenth International Symposium, especially the staff who worked behind the scenes. These papers were reviewed, edited, approved or disapproved by the Editorial Board. Those manuscripts that were felt not pertinent to this publication were not accepted by the Editorial Board. Therefore, the excellent quality of those that are in the book are a reflection of the authors' dedication and work and that of those of the Editorial Board in their review process. For the reader's convenience, the papers are structured according to the various disease processes which are associated with the primary topic: hypertension, hydrocephalus, infection, ischemia, tumor, etc. We do hope that the reader will enjoy the articles and that they will provide an impetus and insight for future work.