Agricultural (or "green") biotechnology is a source of growing tensions in the global trading system, particularly between the United States and the European Union. Genetically modified food faces an uncertain future. The technology behind it might revolutionize food production around the world. Or it might follow the example of nuclear energy, which declined from a symbol of socioeconomic progress to become one of the most unpopular and uneconomical innovations in history. This book provides novel and thought-provoking insights into the fundamental policy issues involved in agricultural biotechnology. Thomas Bernauer explains global regulatory polarization and trade conflict in this area. He then evaluates cooperative and unilateral policy tools for coping with trade tensions. Arguing that the tools used thus far have been and will continue to be ineffective, he concludes that the risk of a full-blown trade conflict is high and may lead to reduced investment and the decline of the technology. Bernauer concludes with suggestions for policy reforms to halt this trajectory--recommendations that strike a sensible balance between public-safety concerns and private economic freedom--so that food biotechnology is given a fair chance to prove its environmental, health, humanitarian, and economic benefits. This book will equip companies, farmers, regulators, NGOs, academics, students, and the interested public--including both advocates and critics of green biotechnology--with a deeper understanding of the political, economic, and societal factors shaping the future of one of the most revolutionary technologies of our times.

This book integrates a science and business approach to provide an introduction and an insider view of intellectual property issues within the biotech industry, with case studies and examples from developing economy markets. Broad in scope, this book covers key principles in pharmaceutical, industrial, and agricultural biotechnology within four parts. Part 1 details the principles of intellectual property and biotechnology. Part 2 covers plant biotechnology, including biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, GM foods in sustainable agriculture, microbial biodiversity and bioprospecting for improving crop health and productivity, and production and regulatory requirements of biopesticides and biofertilizers. The third part describes recent advances in industrial biotechnology, such as DNA patenting, and commercial viability of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in genome editing. The final part describes intellectual property issues in drug discovery and development of personalized medicine, and vaccines in biodefence. This book is an ideal resource for all postgraduates and researchers working in any branch of biotechnology that requires an overview of the recent developments of intellectual property frameworks in the biotech sector.

The book examines the evolution of one of the most important technologies that has emerged in the last fifty years: biotechnology - the use of living organisms, or parts thereof to create useful products and services. The most important application of biotechnology has been in medicine, in the development of new drugs. The central purpose of the book is to explain how firms based in the US took the lead in commercialising the technology, and why it has been so difficult for firms in other countries to match what the leading American companies have achieved. The book looks at the institutions and policies which have underpinned US success in biotechnology. This is the US innovation "ecosystem," and it is made up of several interlocking elements which constitute a powerful competitive advantage for US biotechnology firms. These include, a higher education system which has close links with industry, massive support from the Federal government for biomedical research, and a financial system which is well equipped to support young entrepreneurial firms in a science-based industry. In the light of US experience the book examines in detail the performance of UK biotechnology firms over the past forty years, starting with the creation of the UK's first dedicated biotech firm, Celltech, in 1980. The book shows how the UK made a promising start in the 1980s and 1990s but failed to build on it. Several leading firms failed, and after an initial burst of enthusiasm investors lost confidence in the British biotech sector. It is only the last few years that the sector has staged a revival, attracting fresh investment from the US as well from the UK. The story told in this book, based on extensive interviews with industry participants, investors, and policy makers in the UK, Continental Europe, and the US, sheds new light on one of the central issues facing governments in the advanced industrial countries - how to create and sustain new science-based industries.

"Micropolitics and Canadian Business" explores the internal structure of industry politics in contemporary Canada. This "micropolitics" approach offers a revealing set of conceptual tools and models that illuminate the politics of everyday business at the industry, firm, and policy issue levels. It builds wider contexts in which the concrete particulars of business-government relations can be explored and understood in a systematic fashion.

The approach developed is a comparative one. The book examines three industries--paper, steel, and airlines--carefully chosen to represent a revealing cross-section of a vast economic field covering the primary (resource), secondary (manufacturing), and tertiary (service) sectors of the economy. In addition, one industry (pulp and paper) is primarily export-oriented, another (steel) focuses mainly on domestic sales, and the third (air transport) is strongly grounded in both.

The book applies to each a common set of questions and applies a similar set of methods. Separate chapters on each industry begin with a brief review of current industry concerns, followed by a historical and structural survey of that industry. Each chapter continues with studies of two leading firms, highlighting their internal politics and their strategic orientations. Since firms are the building blocks of industry, they tell us much about the larger structures of political power. Finally, each chapter examines two significant public policy controversies whose scope extends beyond core business boundaries.

"Micropolitics and Canadian Business" specifically analyzes three industries; however, the approach used may be applied to a much wider universe of companies and sectors. Throughout, this book furthers our understanding of the complex contexts of business politics. As such, it will be of interest to both students and practitioners of business and government relations.

Consumer electronics and computers redefined life and work in the twentieth century. In Inventing the Electronic Century, Pulitzer Prize-winning business historian Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. traces their origins and worldwide development. From electronics prime mover RCA in the 1920s to Sony and Matsushita's dramatic rise in the 1970s; from IBM's dominance in computer technology in the 1950s to Microsoft's stunning example of the creation of competitive advantage, this masterful analysis is essential reading for every manager and student of technology. "Thought provoking. Chandler develops the history of the consumer electronics and computer industries with the questioning attitude of a teacher: always searching for the lessons behind the story." --Andrew S. Grove, Chairman of the Board, Intel "Offers a rich cast of characters and companies, compelling stories, and deep understanding of economic forces." --Hal Varian, School of Information Management and Systems, University of California, Berkeley

'A terrifying story of profit before patients, and a chilling glimpse of what can happen when private companies are allowed to take charge of healthcare.' Gavin Francis Six decades ago, researchers achieved the impossible: developing a treatment that transformed kidney failure from a death sentence to a manageable condition. Yet, in the hands of a predatory medical industry, this triumph led to skyrocketing costs and worsening care. A gripping account of privatised healthcare gone wrong, How to Make a Killing recounts how the optimism of the 1950s and 1960s - when transplants and dialysis machines offered hope - gave way to anguished debates about the ethics of rationing and profiting from life-saving care, and how Big Dialysis proliferated at the expense of its patients. A triumph of investigative research, Tom Mueller's book features an unforgettable cast of characters: CEOs who dress as musketeers to exhort more aggressive profit-seeking, nephrologist insiders who reveal the substandard care this causes, and heroic patients who risk their lives to reveal the truth.

The sixth installment of the "Fisher Investments On" series is a comprehensive guide to understanding and analyzing investment opportunities within the Technology sector. "Fisher Investments on Technology" can help you quickly become familiar with this highly diversified sector, how the sector is segmented by industries, their respective macroeconomic drivers, and the challenges facing Technology firms.

This reliable guide skillfully addresses how to determine optimal times to invest in Technology stocks, and which industries and sub-industries have the potential to perform well in various environments. The global Technology sector is complex, including a variety of sub-industries and countries--each with their own unique characteristics. Using the framework found here, you'll discover how to identify these differences, spot opportunities, and avoid major pitfalls.

"Fisher Investments on Technology: " Discusses industry fundamentals, drivers, attributes, and potential challenges Addresses the challenges unique to Technology and some common pitfalls to avoid. Delves into top-down investment methodology as well as individual security analysis. Outlines a five-step process to help differentiate Technology firms--designed to help you identify ones that may have greatest probability of outperforming Provides investment strategies for a variety of market environments

Filled with in-depth insights and expert advice, "Fisher Investments on Technology" provides a framework for understanding this sector and its industries to help you make better investment decisions--now and in the future. With this book as your guide, you can gain a global perspective of the Technology sector and discover strategies to help achieve your investing goals.

In the fall of 1980, Genentech, Inc., a little-known California genetic engineering company, became the overnight darling of Wall Street, raising over $38 million in its initial public stock offering. Lacking marketed products or substantial profit, the firm nonetheless saw its share price escalate from $35 to $89 in the first few minutes of trading, at that point the largest gain in stock market history. Coming at a time of economic recession and declining technological competitiveness in the United States, the event provoked banner headlines and ignited a period of speculative frenzy over biotechnology as a revolutionary means for creating new and better kinds of pharmaceuticals, untold profit, and a possible solution to national economic malaise. Drawing from an unparalleled collection of interviews with early biotech players, Sally Smith Hughes offers the first book-length history of this pioneering company, depicting Genentech's improbable creation, precarious youth, and ascent to immense prosperity. Hughes provides intimate portraits of the people significant to Genentech's science and business, including cofounders Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson, and in doing so sheds new light on how personality affects the growth of science. By placing Genentech's founders, followers, opponents, victims, and beneficiaries in context, Hughes also demonstrates how science interacts with commercial and legal interests and university research, and with government regulation, venture capital, and commercial profits. Integrating the scientific, the corporate, the contextual, and the personal, "Genentech" tells the story of biotechnology as it is not often told, as a risky and improbable entrepreneurial venture that had to overcome a number of powerful forces working against it.

Governments around the world have policies to promote links between industry and academic and government laboratories in order to foster economic growth and innovation in the technology-based industries. Knowledge Frontiers gives new insights into this process and offers an original framework for tracking these interactions. The book shows what 'knowledge' companies want from public sector research, and how they network to get this knowledge in three new and promising fields of advanced technology - biotechnology, engineering ceramics, and parallel computing. The authors first look at some of the background issues - policy issues about links between industry and public sector research; the ways in which science and technology interact in the innovation process; and general developments in each of the technologies examined. They look in more detail at public-private research links in the three areas. They find similarities which point to the general importance to innovation of frontier research in universities, and the need to encourage informal interaction/contact between industrial and public sector researchers. They also find differences between the fields which suggest that the policies to provide research links should be more effectively targeted, as an integral part of the broader objective of fostering 'strategic technologies'. Knowledge Frontiers advances our understanding of the various types of knowledge used in the course of research, design, and development leading to innovation. It is essential reading for those wanting to get to grips with the complex and dynamic realities of the innovation process - be they researchers, managers, or policy makers.

Scientists in the biotechnology sector have developed a vast array of products and procedures, including drugs, diagnostics, agricultural products and veterinary procedures. This is made possible through various intra- and inter-organizational collaborations between the academic and private sectors, and through the establishment of networks for learning. In Networks for Learning and Knowledge Creation in Biotechnology, Amalya Lumerman Oliver shows how, in many respects, the organizational structure of the industry parallels one of its most important innovations - recombinant DNA (rDNA). She shows how the concept of recombination can be used to explain a number of organizational elements, including new biotechnology firms, the form of university-based spin-offs, scientific entrepreneurship, and trust and contracts in learning collaborations and networks. The result is a stimulating account of how multiple theoretical perspectives can be used to understand the structure of the biotechnology industry.

This book focuses on the challenges of competition in television broadcasting markets. How is the evolution from a two-sided market to platform economics reshaping competition in television broadcasting? How are new market dynamics changing competition for content creation and acquisition and the revenue streams? Will content remain king? Or will new competitive dynamics undermine the sustainable creation of high quality content, especially in small media markets?

Contemporary Medical Biotechnology Research for Human Health discusses a range of currently available solutions required to defeat the ever-increasing human health challenges. The junction between biotechnology and biomedical/health sciences has led to several improvements in patients' treatment, diagnosis and well-being. The book discusses vital topics ranging from biofilms and UTI, mycobacterial infections, diabetes, aplastic anemia, oral cancer, and possible applications of nanoparticles. In addition, it discusses computer-aided drug design using natural products and new technologies to develop antibiotics. This is a valuable resource for biotechnology and biomedical researchers, bioinformaticians and members of health sciences interested in understanding recent technological developments.

Everything you need to know about the most important trend in the history of the world

Within most people's lifetimes, the developments in the biotechnology sector will allow us to live increasingly long and healthy lives, as well as provide us with technological innovations that will transform the way we live. But these innovations offer more than just hope for a better life, but hope for better returns too. Financial returns of incredible magnitude await savvy investors and businesspeople who can see the massive changes on the horizon. This book details these fast-moving trends and innovations and offers extensive advice on how to profit from them in business and investing.

This book provides the basic models and methods for the profitable use and marketing of advanced technology. It provides a guide to developing and administering marketing plans, conducting market research, searching for and managing partners, tapping capital for innovation, scoping adequate pricing methods, managing intellectual property rights, and selling and distributing products and services. It also shows how to develop formatted business plans for investors. This title is uniquely focused on the critical technology/market interface, and provides an executive introduction to marketing these products and services.

During the 1970s and 1980s, American manufacturing enterprises saw their technological dominance challenged by increasingly tough competition from abroad. This book investigates business responses to those challenges. On average, F. M. Scherer shows, 308 U.S. companies reacted to rising imports of high-technology products by cutting back research and development expenditures as a percentage of sales. The cutbacks were particularly large in industries protected by voluntary trade restraint agreements and other trade barriers. Using statistical data and eleven in-depth case studies, Scherer finds that company responses to new high-technology competition from abroad were highly diverse. Aggressive reactions predominated in firms producing color film, wet shavers, medical imaging apparatus, fiber optics, and earth-moving equipment. But the efforts of U.S. manufacturers in other lines such as color television, VCRs, and facsimile machines were too meager to repel technologically innovative overseas challengers. Exploring why reactions differed so much from case to case, Scherer finds systematic explanations in such variables as the multinationality of enterprises, domestic market structure, links to academic science bases, and the educational background of top managers. He concludes by offering proposals to improve the competitiveness of American high-technology companies.

Why is it that in the '90s, business in California's Silicon Valley flourished, while along Route 128 in Massachusetts it declined? The answer, Annalee Saxenian suggests, has to do with the fact that despite similar histories and technologies, Silicon Valley developed a decentralized but cooperative industrial system while Route 128 came to be dominated by independent, self-sufficient corporations. The result of more than one hundred interviews, this compelling analysis highlights the importance of local sources of competitive advantage in a volatile world economy.

From acclaimed Financial Times columnist and CNN analyst Rana Foroohar, comes this penetrating indictment of how today's biggest tech companies are hijacking our data, our livelihoods, and our minds.

Today Google and Facebook receive 90% of the world's news ad-spending. Amazon takes half of all e-commerce in the US. Google and Apple operating systems run on all but 1% of cell phones globally. And 80% of corporate wealth is now held by 10% of companies - not the GEs and Toyotas of this world, but the digital titans. How did we get here? How did the tech industry get to dominate our world so completely? How did once-idealistic and innovative companies come to manipulate elections, violate our privacy, and pose a threat to the fabric of our democracy? In Don't Be Evil, Financial Times global business columnist Rana Foroohar documents how Big Tech lost its soul - and became the new Wall Street.

Through her skilled reporting and unparalleled access - won through nearly 30 years covering business and technology - she shows the true extent to which the 'Faang's (Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix and Google) crush or absorb any potential competitors, hijack our personal data and mental space and offshore their exorbitant profits. What's more, she reveals how these threats to our democracies, our livelihoods and our minds are all intertwined. Yet Foroohar also lays out a plan for how we can resist, creating a framework that fosters innovation while also protecting us from the dark side of digital technology.

Biotechnology and law are inextricable. Patent, regulatory, and contract law profoundly shape the biotech industry, and each of these practice areas is deeply intertwined with the science it governs. Yet many in this industry lack even a basic grasp of these laws, jeopardizing their business success as a result. This book is an essential introduction to biotechnology law for scientists, startup founders, regulatory specialists, patent liaisons, investors, academics, students, and other nonattorneys with biotech backgrounds. It covers core topics such as patentability, patent prosecution and infringement, patent opinions, the development and FDA approval of small-molecule and biologic drugs, regulatory exclusivity, generic drugs and ANDA litigation, biosimilars and the patent dance, patent licenses, and collaboration agreements. Written with scientists in mind, Biotechnology Law is a clear, concise, and entirely practical primer on the topic, replete with straightforward, real-world examples to illustrate each key concept. Understanding the legal machinery through which science becomes business is not a luxury-it is a crucial part of a scientist's training. Alan J. Morrison's expert treatment embraces this new reality.

In Chapter One, Antonio Colmenar-Santos, Enrique Rosales-Asensio, David Borge-Diez, and Manuel Castro-Gil present an overview of current research on equitable alternatives for recently constructed concentrated solar power plants in Spain. Next, Chapter Two by Dian Andriani, Arini Wresta, Arifin Santosa, and Kusnadi discusses the idea that various raw materials can be used for biogas production. Additionally, the authors discuss modern biogas production technologies. In Chapter Three, Caroline Borges Agustini and Mariliz Gutterres provide a review on the significance of biogas production in conjunction with its characteristics and handling problems. Following this, the authors go on to review current microorganism identification techniques as well as crop optimisation techniques. In Chapter Five, Sina Gilassi, Seyed Mohammad Taghavi, Serge Kaliaguine, and Denis Rodrigue suggest commercial polymer hollow fibres could be used to improve separation efficiency and CH4 purity in biogas production. Vladimir I. Shcherbakov, Nadezhda V. Kuznetsova, and Tatiana V. Shchyukina present research with the goal of determining favourable conditions for methane forming bacteria vital functions, fermentation processes intensification methods, and developing advance capacity reactors in Chapter Six. Afterwards, Chapter Seven by Spyridon Achina and Vasileios Achinas deliberates on the physicochemical properties of biogas and the need for further research on the subject. In Chapter Eight, Kevin N. Nwaigwe, Uchenna C. Egbufor, Sambas N. Asoegwu, and Christopher C. Enweremadu propose water hyacinth as a substrate for biogas production. Chapter Nine by Preseela Satpathy, PhD examines recent trends in biogas technology advancements. Next, Chapter Ten by Caroline Borges Agustini and Mariliz Gutterres explores the anaerobic process characteristics of anaerobic digestion, as well as its efficiency. In Chapter Eleven, Mohamed Habib Sellami exhibits a modelling approach designed to hypothesise the performance, impact, and profitability of systems cogenerating energy from released biogas. In conclusion, Chapter Twelve by K. N. Nwaigwe, E. E. Anyanwu and C. C. Enweremadu presents a synopsis on bioreactor technology development trends.

The biohealthcare executive in upper-middle management confronts leadership challenges unique to their industry: they manage highly specialized knowledge workers and innovators, compete at the speed of technology, work in a highly regulated environment where "free speech" often does not apply due to patient safety and privacy concerns, and increasingly are leading virtual teams who may be located in different parts of the world. Practical leadership for biopharmaceutical executives is a guide that strips away the theory and meets head-on the practical leadership challenges these executives face on a daily basis, and provides these "innovator leaders" with the tools to lead effectively in the face of technological complexity.

With the advent of electronic medical records years ago and the increasing capabilities of computers, our healthcare systems are sitting on growing mountains of data. Not only does the data grow from patient volume but the type of data we store is also growing exponentially. Practical Predictive Analytics and Decisioning Systems for Medicine provides research tools to analyze these large amounts of data and addresses some of the most pressing issues and challenges where data integrity is compromised: patient safety, patient communication, and patient information. Through the use of predictive analytic models and applications, this book is an invaluable resource to predict more accurate outcomes to help improve quality care in the healthcare and medical industries in the most cost-efficient manner. Practical Predictive Analytics and Decisioning Systems for Medicine provides the basics of predictive analytics for those new to the area and focuses on general philosophy and activities in the healthcare and medical system. It explains why predictive models are important, and how they can be applied to the predictive analysis process in order to solve real industry problems. Researchers need this valuable resource to improve data analysis skills and make more accurate and cost-effective decisions.

After World War II, several late-developing countries registered astonishingly high growth rates under strong state direction, making use of smart investment strategies, turnkey factories, and reverse-engineering, and taking advantage of the postwar global economic boom. Among these economic miracles were postwar Japan and, in the 1960s and 1970s, the so-called Asian Tigers Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan whose experiences epitomized the analytic category of the "developmental state."

In Betting on Biotech, Joseph Wong examines the emerging biotechnology sector in each of these three industrial dynamos. They have invested billions of dollars in biotech industries since the 1990s, but commercial blockbusters and commensurate profits have not followed. Industrial upgrading at the cutting edge of technological innovation is vastly different from the dynamics of earlier practices in established industries.

The profound uncertainties of life-science-based industries such as biotech have forced these nations to confront a new logic of industry development, one in which past strategies of picking and making winners have given way to a new strategy of throwing resources at what remain very long shots. Betting on Biotech illuminates a new political economy of industrial technology innovation in places where one would reasonably expect tremendous potential yet where billion-dollar bets in biotech continue to teeter on the brink of spectacular failure."

Best Practices in Biotechnology Education describes a wide variety of programs from high school through Ph.D. programs. Some are in their first years, whereas others are quite mature and have diversified to offer myriad degree and certificate options. There is also strong international representation, with programs from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. Best Practices in Biotechnology Education is directed at faculty seeking to start or expand biotechnology education programs; policy-makers and economic developers seeking to help meet workforce needs; and, students, scientists, and business professionals looking to enter the industry or upgrade their existing skills.

How do corporations achieve change? In the first analytic book about Hewlett-Packard, Deone Zell also offers an ethnography of corporate redesign, documenting Hewlett-Packard's radical reorganization of both a manufacturing and a research division. Because she writes from within the process as it unfolds, Zell is able to demonstrate how the inclusion of employees in every step of redesign can inspire the knowledge and commitment to transform an organization.

Hewlett-Packard is among a growing number of companies in the United States exploring what is called sociotechnical systems (STS) redesign. As competitive pressures have grown, interest in STS has increased because it has the potential to catalyze comprehensive organizational change and avoid the pitfalls of a piecemeal or small-scale approach. STS works from the ground up, involving front-line employees in analysis and redesign of the entire organization and in explicit examination of an organization's culture.

In Hewlett-Packard's California Personal Computer Division, production operators worked alongside managers to redesign their printed circuit assembly line into self-managing teams of employees. In the Santa Clara Division, a very different workforce of engineers, initially unwilling to standardize their creativity, had to develop commercial applications and become more responsive to customers in order to survive.

On the basis of Hewlett-Packard's success, Zell concludes that, with top-level support and a high investment of resources at the outset, redesign can inspire relatively rapid change, especially suitable for organizations in fast-paced environments. As one H-P manager commented, "Empowerment is no longer a nice thing to do. It is now a business imperative."