The process of development in recent times has been characteristically marked by the expanding reach of multinational enterprises, flows of foreign direct investment, unprecedented growth of information and communication technologies (ICT) and knowledge-based industries, and infusion of ICT across the entire spectrum of industries and activities. High-tech knowledge-based industries like information technology, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and so on have played an important role in the transition of Chinese and Indian economies the two largest and fastest growing economies.

This inter-disciplinary book offers an in-depth understanding of the behaviour of firms in these industries, analysing the strategies they adopt in a globally competitive environment, the role they have played in ushering in the growth revolution in China and India, and the contribution they have made to the nature and growth of employment. This study also dwells upon the emerging nature of scientific and technological developments like nanotechnology, novel materials, spintronics and quantum computers, with the conclusion that in the future, knowledge and technology are going to be the real sources of wealth for nations.

High-tech businesses form a crucial part of entrepreneurial activity in some ways representing very typical examples of entrepreneurship, yet in some ways representing quite different challenges. The uncertainty in innovation and advanced technology makes it difficult to use conventional economic planning models, and also means that the management skills used in this area must be more responsive to issues of risk, uncertainty and evaluation than in conventional business opportunities.
While entrepreneurial courses do reflect the importance of high-tech businesses, they often lack the resources needed to teach this in a way that goes beyond standard how to start up a business courses whilst not focusing solely on theoretical models. This book specifically focuses on the mix of theory and practice needed to accurately inform students. Key topics covered include:
* uncertainty and innovation
* entrepreneurial finance
* marketing technological innovations
* high-tech incubation management.
Including case studies to give practical insights into genuine business examples, this comprehensive book has a distinctly real-world focus throughout. Edited by a multi-national team, it draws together leading writers and researchers from across Europe, and is therefore a must-read for all those involved in advanced entrepreneurship with specific interests in high-tech start-ups.

The Future of Work in Asia and Beyond presents the findings and associated implications arising from a collaborative research study conducted on the potential impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR - or Industry 4.0) on the labour markets, occupations and associated future workforce competencies and skills across ten countries. The 4IR concerns the digital transformation in society and business - an interface between technologies in the physical, digital and biological disciplines. The book explores many related issues: the nature of the 4IR, as well as demographic, generational and socio-cultural issues, economic and political perspectives, public and private sector similarities and differences, business strategy and managerial implications, human resource management/planning strategies, policies and practices, industry innovations, 'best practice' cases and comparative country studies. Chapters are based on a framework which combines labour market and multiple stakeholder theories. Issues are explored through the perceptions of organisational managers based in Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand to provide an analysis of organisational, industry and government preparedness for the 4IR. This book is recommended reading for anyone wanting to gain an understanding of the 4IR and a range of related challenges and issues, as well as suggested strategies for governments, education and industry that are necessary to address them.

During its boom phase, Silicon Valley was a center of attention for many reasons, but especially for its labor market arrangements. With the dot.com burst of 2000, many will be tempted to view the institutions that surrounded Silicon Valley as yesterday's news. But they would be wrong to do so, for a high-tech labor market adjusts to the ups and downs of the business cycle. Job market mobility -- what Alan Hyde in this volume terms "high velocity" -- was and is a key characteristic of Silicon Valley's labor market. As such, an understanding of Silicon Valley employment practices provides an understanding of labor market practices in any industry where mobility is high and the employment relationship is loose. Hyde suggests that while the work practices associated with high technology are somewhat unorthodox and may present legal problems, they play essential roles in high growth. Hyde addresses such issues as whether trade secret laws ought to give employers more power against departing employees or should be liberalized to facilitate start ups. Why do Silicon Valley employers use temporary help agencies at twice the national rate? Why do they employ so many engineers and programmers on temporary visas, and what would happen if that program were cut back? Why are so few Silicon Valley employees represented by unions? Could new unions serve their needs? How do well-compensated, highly mobile employees provide for their retirement or health insurance? Answers to these and many other questions about today's newest labor markets can be found in this book. The author shows how understanding these unusual features of high-velocity labor markets requires an understanding of how labor marketsfunction like information markets and can be made to contribute to economic growth.

Demand for cleanrooms is flourishing as manufacturing becomes increasingly sophisticated. From computers and CD players to medicines and convenience foods, more and more products require high levels of contamination control. Fully revised and updated, Cleanroom Design, Second Edition presents the latest advances in the field. Written by a highly experienced team of international authors, the broad coverage encompasses the design of cleanrooms for the microelectronics, pharmaceutical, medical device and biotechnology industries. Features include:

• New chapter on the design of medical devices featuring configurations for heart pacemakers and aortic bioprostheses
• Examination of the international standards for the design of cleanrooms providing the designer with a concise information source
• Discussion of cost-efficiency and energy-saving concepts such as minimizing the air flow rate and the impact of mini-environments
• Section on high efficiency air filtration looking at filter standards and testing
• Practical guidance on construction materials and surface finishes, pipework design, the production and transmission of high purity gases and water purification techniques

This work examines the relationship between the rapid technological and economic growth characteristic of high-technology districts and their distinct labor market institutions -- short job tenures, rapid turnover, flat firm hierarchies, weak internal labor markets, high use of temporary labor, unusual uses of independent contracting, little unionization, unusual employee organization (e.g., chat groups, and ethnic organization), unequal income, minimal employment discrimination litigation, flexible compensation (especially stock options), and heavy use of immigrants on short-term visas. The author suggests that while these distinctive labor market institutions are somewhat unorthodox and may present legal problems, they play essential roles in high growth.

Contents:
1. Cross-Border Production Networks and the Industrial Integration of the Asia-Pacific Michael Borrus, Dieter Ernst and Stephan Haggard
2. International Competitiveness, Regional Integration and Corporate Strategies in the East Asian Electronic Industry Paolo Guerrieri
3. The Resurgence of U.S. Electronics: Asian Production Networks and the Rise of Wintelism Michael Borrus
4. Globalization, Convergence and Diversity: The Asian Production Networks of Japanese Electronics Firms Dieter Ernst
5. What Permits David to Defeat Goliath? The Taiwanese Model in the Computer Industry Dieter Ernst
6. Technological Capabilities and Samsung Electronics' International Production Network in Asia Youngsoo Kim
7. Riding the Waves. Technological Change, Competing US-Japan Production Networks and the Growth of Singapore's Electronics Industry Pog-Kam Wong
8. Japan and the United States in the Malaysian Electronics Sector Greg Linden
9. Convergence, and Diversity: HowGlobalization Reshaped Asian Production Networks Dieter Ernst and John Ravenhill

The History of Mitsubishi Corporation in London examines the culture clashes, the friendships and the changing businesses that Mitsubishi Corporation's London branch oversaw in the eighty-five years following its foundation. It examines the paradox of how Mitsubishi Corporation could operate internationally for nearly a century, and still remain resolutely Japanese. With the slowdown in Japanese economic growth however, this book asks whether the corporation needs to change its mission, as well as controversially questioning whether information technology is in fact a barrier to, rather than a driving force for, successful globalization.
As a long-term employee of Mitsubishi both in Tokyo and London, Pernille Rudlin has a unique perspective on the world of Japanese corporate culture in Britain. No other corporate history has examined a Japanese subsidiary in such detail, including interviews with more than thirty employees past and present.

The explosive growth of the Japanese electronics industry continues to be driven by a combination of market forces and the unique characteristics of the Japanese social organization and people. As an industrial phenomenon, the Japanese electronics industry receives considerable attention from researchers in various fields. However, most of their studies focus on either historical analyses intent on discovering the secret of the industry's enormous success, or on the issue of America's competitiveness in the face of challenges from Japanese technology. Moreover, none of these studies can be free of the bias that stems from each researcher's own upbringing and environment.
The authors of The Japanese Electronics Industry have pooled their diverse experience and talents to create a balanced, objective study of this complex subject. They illuminate the history and characteristics of the industry, show the current state of the industry, and explore the research, development, and education vital to the future of the industry.

The Chinese Electronics Industry documents the technologies, capabilities, and infrastructure that has made China a major player in the Asian electronics industry. This book covers the major segments of China's electronics industry, including semiconductors, packaging, printed circuit boards, computer hardware and software, telecommunications, and electronic systems. In addition, this book examines the role of government, research organizations, educational institutions, and major companies in establishing an infrastructure where the industry can flourish. Specifically, this book will help readers: -Comprehend the historical developments, current status, and future growth of China's electronics industry -Understand the cultural, economic, and technological factors that drive and inhibit market access and success in China -Make decisions on strategic issues, such as market entry, establishing joint ventures or strategic alliances with Chinese electronics companies in order to access world's largest emerging market -Formulate strategy to cooperate and compete in the global electronics industry

Korean consumer electronics have, in the past decade, displayed an exceptional attitude towards direct investment in the EU, marking a definite break from the long tradition of strong governmental initiatives previously undertaken in the strategic affairs Korean firms. This study addresses the fundamental question why and under which conditions Korean firms increased their investment so heavily in the EU after 1986 and why they, and not the Korean government, took the initiative in the decision-making process. The author contends that the main reason for the firms' departure from government policy is the belief of the Korean government that national competitiveness, which largely affects the country's standard of living, is determined by the success of local firms in global competition. The government policy of offering tax breaks to Korean "chaebols" is one of the most attractive incentives to expand production abroad rather than at home. Moreover, the government acknowledges that Korean firms are obliged to sell their products in foreign countries because of the small size of the domestic market, which gives rise to the paradoxical situation of barriers being raised to exports, w

The Korean Electronics Industry documents the technologies, manufacturing procedures, capabilities, and infrastructure that have made the Republic of Korea successful in the electronics industry. The book covers the major segments of Korea's electronics industry, including semiconductors, packaging, displays, printed circuit boards, and systems. In addition, this book examines the roles that government, associations, research organizations, educational institutions, and major companies have played in establishing an infrastructure where the industry can flourish.

This work covers in depth the new patterns of manufacturing and technology transfer that are emerging as Japanese companies seek to harness Asia's technological resources, and to utilise them to compete both regionally and globally.

A US/Brazil trade conflict on the Brazilian protectionist electronics policy developed during 198589. In that period and under the threat of trade sanctions, a few changes were made in the Brazilian policy. Major consequences of the conflict were felt after its conclusion. It was one important political factor among the forces that pushed for the opening of the Brazilian electronics market in the early 1990s.

The Silicon Dragon is a systematic study of the growth of high-tech giants in the Greater China Region, depicting the success story of the microelectronics industry in Taiwan. Literature and studies on Taiwan's success are surprisingly limited, and this book aims to fill this gap, addressing questions such as: How has Taiwan achieved such an outstanding performance in the information industry? How did Taiwan obtain and maintain its competitive advantage? What was the secret of success? What role did the government and manufacturers play during the development process? What insights can newcomers gain from these achievements? The book examines the government policies that acted as catalysts to the growth of high-tech industries in Taiwan, along with the roles of high-tech 'incubators' and government-administered science parks. The authors provide case studies of high profile companies including Acer, Philips Semiconductors and Macronix International, and interviews with key decision makers to highlight the corporate strategies adopted in response to government policies and global commercial demand. Finally, insightful narratives on the birth and growth of a government-fostered strategic industry are provided, as is a synopsis of the Asian contribution to the evolution of the global microelectronics development. This book will strongly appeal to academics, researchers and students with an interest in engineering, technology and business management. Business managers and government officials will also find much to interest them in this book.

This work covers in depth the new patterns of manufacturing and technology transfer that are emerging as Japanese companies seek to harness Asia's technological resources, and to utilise them to compete both regionally and globally.

As innovation moves from the lab to the market, a new research phase begins for the entrepreneur: the market research phase. Inspired by a new technology that can change the world, critical questions need to be addressed. Is there a market for my innovation? Who are my clients? What do they need? Is my innovation filling that gap in the market? Who are my competitors? How are they approaching the market? If these questions are unaswered, entrepreneurs meet potential investors or partners with only a basic understanding of their market. The objective of this book is to fill this gap. It is a practical manual that gives entrepreneurs real-world advice and tools to build a solid market model. The book provides tips, models and tools entrepreneurs can use to collect, interpret and present their market and integrate it into their business plan. What the entrepreneur learns in this book will help him throughout his journey. After going over the market research process, he will learn how to design and use a number of market research tools, and how to adapt them in a life science context. From building a web survey to preparing interviews to doing your own secondary research, this handbook will help him gain a comprehensive understanding of how to perform his own market research activities and how to analyze his data. Finally, a number of frameworks (such as the TAM-SAM-SOM as well as the KANO Model) are described so that he can efficiently share what he has learned, using models that simply yet effectively shares findings.

This book addresses the rapidly emerging field of Knowledge Management in the pharmaceutical, medical devices and medical diagnostics industries. In particular, it explores the role that Knowledge Management can play in ensuring the delivery of safe and effective products to patients. The book also provides good practice examples of how the effective use of an organisation's knowledge assets can provide a path towards business excellence.

The option for consumers to make payments for services and products via mobile telephones has created a dynamic new industry. High-Tech Entrepreneurship in Asia illustrates how small, entrepreneurial firms in Asia have devised and produced innovations crucial for this industry's development. Marina Zhang and Mark Dodgson explore the evolution of the mobile payment industry which has emerged in recent years through the convergence of services provided by financial and mobile telecommunications companies. They consider how leading Asian economies are increasingly becoming the source of important technological innovations. Detailed case studies are used to reveal the technological, social, political, national and cultural factors that encourage and constrain entrepreneurship in Asia, paying particular attention to China and Korea, the industry vanguards. The role played by entrepreneurial start-ups in bridging the gap between banking, credit card and mobile telecommunications sectors is also explored. This highly original work will strongly appeal to students, researchers, policymakers and managers interested in international entrepreneurship, innovation, industrial and technological development and Asian business.

This book traces how abstract managerial ideas about maximizing production flexibility and employee freedom were translated into concrete, day-to-day practices at the Motorola plant in East Kilbride, UK. Using eyewitness accounts, the book describes how employees dealt with the increased freedom Motorola promoted amongst its employees, how employees adapted to managerial changes, specifically the elimination of large-scale management, and where the 'managerless' system came under strain. This book will be of essential reading for researchers, graduate students, and undergraduates interested in the areas of management studies, human resource management, and organizational studies, among others.

In terms of commercialization, nanomaterials occupy a unique place in nanotechnology. Engineered nanomaterials, especially nanoparticulate materials, are the leading sector in nanotechnology commercialization. In addition, the nanomaterial sector has attracted much more heated debate than any other nanotechnology sector with regard to safety, regulation, standardization, and ethics. This is the first book on nanotechnology commercialization that deals exclusively with nanomaterials. It provides overviews of the current trends in, and the issues associated with, the commercialization of nanomaterials by some of the foremost nanotechnology experts in their fields.

In 1896 a young Italian arrived in England with some mysterious scientific apparatus as part of his personal luggage. The Customs officials, who had seen nothing like it before, examined it so thoroughly that the delicate apparatus was completely wrecked. This was the inauspicious beginning of a venture that was destined to remould the pattern of twentieth century living. The book begins with a brief resume of early scientific discoveries up to 1896 and goes on to record the fortunes of the Marconi company. In the course of the book the author covers in detail the story of radio communications from the first wireless signals across the Atlantic to the transmission of colour television programmes via satellite. The narrative includes the development of electronic devices during two world wars and the histories of such specialist fields as sound broadcasting, television, aviation electronics and radar. The technical stories are told against the backcloth of a Company's successes and setbacks and commercial "wars". A lively reading, which can be readily understood by the lay reader. For the technical man, circuit diagrams of early apparatus give added interest. The text is generously illustrated with photographs from the Marconi archives.

This is the first book to present marketing strategy of high-tech products and services in a legal, economic, and global context. From software to hardware, from pharmaceuticals to digital movies and TV, the authors argue that the understanding of intellectual property rights (IPRs) is essential to devising effective marketing strategies.

The U.S. laser industry is a major player in the country's economy, with its products used in factories, laboratories, offices, homes and motor vehicles around the country. The issues addressed by the laser industry during the past several decades - patent litigation, worker education, export controls, international standardization, and others - are those that any emerging high-tech industry will have to face. Offering a roadmap for future technology development and commercialization, this book chronicles the laser and electro-optics industry and its issues for business executives, scientists and technicians, attorneys, journalists, historians, and others.

Written by an experienced business lawyer in the technology, scientific and engineering community, this publication is for the engineer with an innovative high-tech idea or concept who needs those crucial business insights and strategies to move that idea forward. It offers key analysis on how to leave a current employer, gain access to technologies and potential talent, and considers other issues that can reduce problems down the road. It even includes a step-by-step guide for accessing and protecting intellectual property at the earliest stages. To assist in the fundraising process, this resource explores all the available options to capitalize a business - from self-funding, to bootstrapping, to angel investors, to venture capital to government grants, to bank loans, to joint ventures. It also looks at the best ways to form a company so as to take advantage of various tax and business strategies, discusses compensation of employees with stock options or restricted stock plans, explains how an emerging company can expand internationally, and covers some key exit strategies such as an IPO or a merger/acquisition. It covers most everything a new technology business will face including hiring, firing, contracts, leases, loans, and product warranties. As you read, you will find this book is full of the stuff that engineers love: statistics, data, tools, spreadsheets, and research. But it also full of the anecdotal evidence and practical advice needed to stay the course. Now is a tremendous time for entrepreneurship. Although there have been periodic slowdowns in the economy, if you believe in a future, high-tech is the future in which to believe. This book is part of the Taylor & Francis/CRC Press series "What Every Engineer Should Know About... . Like the other books in the series, it is designed to provide you with important knowledge that will help you along your career path. This one will also help you make that path your own.