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Books > Science & Mathematics > Mathematics > History of mathematics

A Mathematical Theory of Evidence (Paperback): Glenn Shafer A Mathematical Theory of Evidence (Paperback)
Glenn Shafer
R1,073 Discovery Miles 10 730 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Both in science and in practical affairs we reason by combining facts only inconclusively supported by evidence. Building on an abstract understanding of this process of combination, this book constructs a new theory of epistemic probability. The theory draws on the work of A. P. Dempster but diverges from Depster's viewpoint by identifying his "lower probabilities" as epistemic probabilities and taking his rule for combining "upper and lower probabilities" as fundamental.

The book opens with a critique of the well-known Bayesian theory of epistemic probability. It then proceeds to develop an alternative to the additive set functions and the rule of conditioning of the Bayesian theory: set functions that need only be what Choquet called "monotone of order of infinity." and Dempster's rule for combining such set functions. This rule, together with the idea of "weights of evidence," leads to both an extensive new theory and a better understanding of the Bayesian theory. The book concludes with a brief treatment of statistical inference and a discussion of the limitations of epistemic probability. Appendices contain mathematical proofs, which are relatively elementary and seldom depend on mathematics more advanced that the binomial theorem.

A History of Medicine: II. Early Greek, Hindu, and Persian Medicine (Paperback, Revised): Henry E Sigerist A History of Medicine: II. Early Greek, Hindu, and Persian Medicine (Paperback, Revised)
Henry E Sigerist
R1,130 Discovery Miles 11 300 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

Volume II details the development of medicine among the early Indo-European peoples--Greeks, Indians, and Persians. The Indo-Europeans were the first to use empirical knowledge to develop philosophical systems of medicine which looked beyond the sick man for universal laws. This volume examines the Greek rational systems which are the foundations of modern science, and the similar Near Eastern approaches, which had an additional mystic component better suited for handling mental and spiritual problems.

Thinking God's Thoughts - Johannes Kepler and the Miracle of Cosmic Comprehensibility (Paperback): Melissa Cain Travis Thinking God's Thoughts - Johannes Kepler and the Miracle of Cosmic Comprehensibility (Paperback)
Melissa Cain Travis; Foreword by Stephen C. Meyer
R700 Discovery Miles 7 000 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Dear Math - Why Kids Hate Math and What Teachers Can Do About It (Paperback): Sarah Strong, Gigi Butterfield Dear Math - Why Kids Hate Math and What Teachers Can Do About It (Paperback)
Sarah Strong, Gigi Butterfield
R668 R627 Discovery Miles 6 270 Save R41 (6%) Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Alan Turing: The Enigma - The Book That Inspired the Film The Imitation Game - Updated Edition (Paperback, Revised edition):... Alan Turing: The Enigma - The Book That Inspired the Film The Imitation Game - Updated Edition (Paperback, Revised edition)
Andrew Hodges; Preface by Andrew Hodges; Foreword by Douglas Hofstadter
R471 Discovery Miles 4 710 Ships in 18 - 22 working days

A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER The official book behind the Academy Award-winning film The Imitation Game, starring Benedict Cumberbatch and Keira Knightley It is only a slight exaggeration to say that the British mathematician Alan Turing (1912-1954) saved the Allies from the Nazis, invented the computer and artificial intelligence, and anticipated gay liberation by decades--all before his suicide at age forty-one. This New York Times-bestselling biography of the founder of computer science, with a new preface by the author that addresses Turing's royal pardon in 2013, is the definitive account of an extraordinary mind and life. Capturing both the inner and outer drama of Turing's life, Andrew Hodges tells how Turing's revolutionary idea of 1936--the concept of a universal machine--laid the foundation for the modern computer and how Turing brought the idea to practical realization in 1945 with his electronic design. The book also tells how this work was directly related to Turing's leading role in breaking the German Enigma ciphers during World War II, a scientific triumph that was critical to Allied victory in the Atlantic. At the same time, this is the tragic account of a man who, despite his wartime service, was eventually arrested, stripped of his security clearance, and forced to undergo a humiliating treatment program--all for trying to live honestly in a society that defined homosexuality as a crime. The inspiration for a major motion picture starring Benedict Cumberbatch and Keira Knightley, Alan Turing: The Enigma is a gripping story of mathematics, computers, cryptography, and homosexual persecution.

Irrationality, Transcendence and the Circle-Squaring Problem - An Annotated Translation of J. H. Lambert's Vorlaufige... Irrationality, Transcendence and the Circle-Squaring Problem - An Annotated Translation of J. H. Lambert's Vorlaufige Kenntnisse and Memoire (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2023)
Eduardo Dorrego Lopez, Elias Fuentes Guillen
R3,689 Discovery Miles 36 890 Ships in 10 - 15 working days

This publication includes an unabridged and annotated translation of two works by Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728-1777) written in the 1760s: Vorlaufige Kenntnisse fur die, so die Quadratur und Rectification des Circuls suchen and Memoire sur quelques proprietes remarquables des quantites transcendentes circulaires et logarithmiques. The translations are accompanied by a contextualised study of each of these works and provide an overview of Lambert's contributions, showing both the background and the influence of his work. In addition, by adopting a biographical approach, it allows readers to better get to know the scientist himself. Lambert was a highly relevant scientist and polymath in his time, admired by the likes of Kant, who despite having made a wide variety of contributions to different branches of knowledge, later faded into an undeserved secondary place with respect to other scientists of the eighteenth century. In mathematics, in particular, he is famous for his research on non-Euclidean geometries, although he is likely best known for having been the first who proved the irrationality of pi. In his Memoire, he conducted one of the first studies on hyperbolic functions, offered a surprisingly rigorous proof of the irrationality of pi, established for the first time the modern distinction between algebraic and transcendental numbers, and based on such distinction, he conjectured the transcendence of pi and therefore the impossibility of squaring the circle.

Richard Dedekind 1831-1981 - Eine Wurdigung Zu Seinem 150. Geburtstag (German, Paperback, 1981 ed.): Winfried Scharlau Richard Dedekind 1831-1981 - Eine Wurdigung Zu Seinem 150. Geburtstag (German, Paperback, 1981 ed.)
Winfried Scharlau
R1,701 Discovery Miles 17 010 Ships in 18 - 22 working days

Die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen Richard Dedekinds (1831-1916), an dessen 150. Geburtstag dieser Gedenkband erinnern solI, sind jedem Mathematiker bekannt: Seine Begriindung der algebraischen Zahlen- theorie, die verbunden war mit der Ausarbeitung fundamentaler alge- braischer Begriffe, der Dedekindsche Schnitt, der die erste exakte Kon- sttuktion der reellen Zahlen und die Grundlegung der Analysis ermog- lichte, oder seine mit H. Weber entworfene Theorie der algebraischen Funktionenkorper gehoren zu den wichtigsten Fortschritten in der Mathematik des vorigen Jahrhunderts. 1m Zuge zunehmenden Interesses an geschichtlichen Entwicklungen und historischer Betrachtungsweise hat dariiber hinaus Dedekind in den letzten J ahren auch in besonderem Mage die Aufmerksamkeit der Mathematikhistoriker auf sich gezogen. Eine ganze Reihe von Arbeiten, die sich ausschlieglich oder wesentlich mit ihm und seinem Werk beschaftigen, sind in letzter Zeit erschienen. Dennoch ist unser Bild sowohl des Mathematikers als auch des Menschen Richard Dedekind bis heute unvollstandig und liickenhaft geblieben. Dies gilt vor allem rur den jungen Dedekind, der von 1854 bis 1871 fast nur kleinere Ge1egenheitsarbeiten publizierte, obwohl sich in diesen J ahren schon seine Hauptarbeitsgebiete und auch seine Auffassungen von der Mathematik und wie sie zu betreiben sei herausbildeten und festigten. Auch der bisher bekanntgewordene und publizierte Brief- wechsel stammt ganz iiberwiegend aus spaterer Zeit.

From the Calculus to Set Theory 1630-1910 - An Introductory History (Paperback, New edition): I. Grattan-Guinness From the Calculus to Set Theory 1630-1910 - An Introductory History (Paperback, New edition)
I. Grattan-Guinness
R2,523 Discovery Miles 25 230 Ships in 18 - 22 working days

"From the Calculus to Set Theory" traces the development of the calculus from the early seventeenth century through its expansion into mathematical analysis to the developments in set theory and the foundations of mathematics in the early twentieth century. It chronicles the work of mathematicians from Descartes and Newton to Russell and Hilbert and many, many others while emphasizing foundational questions and underlining the continuity of developments in higher mathematics. The other contributors to this volume are H. J. M. Bos, R. Bunn, J. W. Dauben, T. W. Hawkins, and K. Moller-Pedersen."

Vorlesungen Uber Entwicklung Der Mathematik in 19 J (German, Paperback, Softcover Reprint of the Original 1st 1979 ed.): F Klein Vorlesungen Uber Entwicklung Der Mathematik in 19 J (German, Paperback, Softcover Reprint of the Original 1st 1979 ed.)
F Klein
R2,274 Discovery Miles 22 740 Ships in 18 - 22 working days

Kaum jemals wird tin Werk eines Historikers einen so starken Reiz tiben und so tiefe Einblicke in das Wesen der Geschichte offnen wie Gedanken und Erinnerungen eines groBen Staatsmannes, welcher selbst ein langes Leben hindurch an fUhrender Stelle in die Geschicke der Welt eingegriffen hat und eine tiberlegene geistige Per- sonlichkeit mit der Kraft ktinstlerischer schriftstellerischer Gestaltung verbindet. Solchc Werke, schon fUr die politische Geschichte eine kostbare Seltenheit, sind fiir die Geschichte der exakten Wissenschaften bis- her wohl kaum geschrieben worden. Urn so notwendiger erschien es, als Felix Klein vor Jahresfrist starb, mit der Herausgabe seiner Vor- lesungen zur Geschichte der Mathematik und mathematischen Physik des 19. Jahrhunderts nicht zu zogern. Diese Vorlesungen sind die reife Frucht eines reichen Lebens in- mitten der wissenschaftlichen Ereignisse, der Ausdruck tiberlegener Weisheit und tiefen historischen Sinnes, einer hohen menschlichen Kultur und einer meisterhaften Gestaltungskraft; sie werden sicherlich auf aIle Mathematiker und Physiker und weit tiber diesen Kreis hin- aus eine groBe Wirkung austiben. In einer Zeit, wo der Blick der Menschen auch in der Wissenschaft allzusehr am Gegenwartigen hangt und das Einzelne in unnatiirlicher VergroBerung und iiber- triebener Bedeutung gegentiber dem Ganzen zu betrachten pflegt, kann das Kleinsche Werk vielen die Augen wieder offnen fUr die Zusammenhange und Entwicklungslinien unserer Wissenschaft im GroBen.

Die alteste mathematische Aufgabensammlung in lateinischer Sprache: Die Alkuin zugeschriebenen - Propositiones ad Acuendos... Die alteste mathematische Aufgabensammlung in lateinischer Sprache: Die Alkuin zugeschriebenen - Propositiones ad Acuendos Iuvenes (German, Paperback, 1978 ed.)
Menso Folkerts
R1,235 Discovery Miles 12 350 Ships in 18 - 22 working days

Eine sehr reizvolle Aufgabe mathematikhistorischer Forschung besteht darin, die Geschichte bestimmter mathematischer Aufgabentypen und Loesungsmethoden zu erforschen. Es ist schon lange bekannt, dass oft dieselben Probleme zu verschiedenen Zeiten und in von einander weit entfernten Kulturkreisen behandelt wurden. Dabei nimmt man an, dass manche Probleme des augewandten Rechnens Bestandteil der Literatur vieler Voelker sind, ohne dass man eine gegenseitige Beeinflussung vermuten darf. Wenn allerdings eine Aufgabe mit denselben nicht zu einfachen Zahlenwerten in verschiedenen Quellen uberliefert wird, muss man an eine Abhangigkeit denken. Es ist jedoch auch in diesen Fallen gegenwartig noch nicht moeglich, zu sicheren Erkenntnissen uber den Weg eines Problems zu gelangen; dazu sind die kulturellen Beziehungen zwischen den Voelkern zu komplex und in den Einzelheiten zu wenig geklart. Gemeinsam mit Mathematikhistorikern mussten hier Vertreter anderer historischer Disziplinen wie Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte, aber auch die Philologen mitarbeiten. Eine solche Arbeit koennte dazu beitragen,_ die kulturellen Leistungen der be teiligten Voelker, die Gemeinsamkeiten, aber auch die Unterschiede ihrer wissenschaftlichen Entwicklung herauszuarbeiten und dabei insbesondere den europazentrischen Standpunkt zu uberwinden, der immer noch viele wissenschaftshistorische Darstellungen beherrscht. Als Vorarbeit fur eine derart anspruchsvolle Untersuchung stellt sich dem Mathematik historiker zunachst die Aufgabe, die zahlreichen Sammlungen praktischer Mathematik zu untersuchen, festzustellen, wo das einzelne Problem oder die verwendete Methode sich erst mals findet, und - wenn moeglich - Aussagen uber Entstehung und Einfluss der betreffenden Sammlung zu machen. Gerade in den letzten Jahrzehnten sind hier neue Untersuchungen erschienen. So hat K.

Epsilons and Deltas of Life - Everyday Stories, Volume II (Paperback): Satish C. Bhatnagar Epsilons and Deltas of Life - Everyday Stories, Volume II (Paperback)
Satish C. Bhatnagar
R382 Discovery Miles 3 820 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
D, S Augustin Caughy (Paperback): De D, S Augustin Caughy (Paperback)
De
R744 Discovery Miles 7 440 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
The Principles of Elementary Algebra [microform] (Paperback): N F (Nathan Fellowes) 1836 Dupuis The Principles of Elementary Algebra [microform] (Paperback)
N F (Nathan Fellowes) 1836 Dupuis
R675 Discovery Miles 6 750 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
On The Numerical (Paperback): Louis V. King On The Numerical (Paperback)
Louis V. King
R407 Discovery Miles 4 070 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Junior High School Mathematics - Book I (Paperback): George Wentworth, ,, David Eugene Smith, Joseph Clifton Brown Junior High School Mathematics - Book I (Paperback)
George Wentworth, ,, David Eugene Smith, Joseph Clifton Brown
R610 Discovery Miles 6 100 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Correspondence [manuscript] (Paperback): Gilbert 1626-1697? Clerke Correspondence [manuscript] (Paperback)
Gilbert 1626-1697? Clerke; Isaac 1642-1727 Newton; Created by Donor Dsi Burndy Library
R353 Discovery Miles 3 530 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
First Book in General Mathematics (Paperback): Robert King Atwell First Book in General Mathematics (Paperback)
Robert King Atwell
R614 Discovery Miles 6 140 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
A Review of High-School Mathematics (Paperback): William David Reeve, Raleigh Schorling A Review of High-School Mathematics (Paperback)
William David Reeve, Raleigh Schorling
R415 Discovery Miles 4 150 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Annual Report of the Curator of the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy at Harvard College, to the President and Fellows of Harvard... Annual Report of the Curator of the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy at Harvard College, to the President and Fellows of Harvard College for ..; 1887/1888 (Paperback)
Harvard University Museum of Compara
R405 Discovery Miles 4 050 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Elementary Theory of the Tides - the Fundamental Theorems Demonstrated Without Mathematics, and the Influence on the Length of... Elementary Theory of the Tides - the Fundamental Theorems Demonstrated Without Mathematics, and the Influence on the Length of the Day Discussed (Paperback)
Thomas Kingsmill 1829-1913 Abbott
R355 Discovery Miles 3 550 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Annual Report of the Curator of the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy at Harvard College, to the President and Fellows of Harvard... Annual Report of the Curator of the Museum of Comparative Zooelogy at Harvard College, to the President and Fellows of Harvard College for ..; 1886/1887 (Paperback)
Harvard University Museum of Compara
R354 Discovery Miles 3 540 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
An Introduction to Algebra - Being the First Part of a Course of Mathematics, Adapted to the Method of Instruction in the... An Introduction to Algebra - Being the First Part of a Course of Mathematics, Adapted to the Method of Instruction in the American Colleges (Paperback)
Jeremiah 1773-1867 Day; Created by Howe & DeForest
R645 Discovery Miles 6 450 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Mathematical Modeling - An Introduction (Paperback): William Layton Mathematical Modeling - An Introduction (Paperback)
William Layton
R621 Discovery Miles 6 210 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
The Annotated Goedel - A Reader's Guide to his Classic Paper on Logic and Incompleteness (Paperback): Hal Prince The Annotated Goedel - A Reader's Guide to his Classic Paper on Logic and Incompleteness (Paperback)
Hal Prince
R284 Discovery Miles 2 840 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society (Hardcover): Anonymous Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society (Hardcover)
Anonymous
R730 Discovery Miles 7 300 Ships in 18 - 22 working days
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