The Body in Time looks at two different genres in relation to the construction of femininity in late nineteenth-century France: Degas's representation of ballet dancers and the transforming tradition of female portraiture. Class, gender, power, and agency are at stake in both arenas, but they play themselves out in different ways via different pictorial languages. Degas's depictions of anonymous young female ballerinas at the Paris Opera reflect his fascination with the physical exertions and prosaic setting of the dancer's sexualized body. Unlike the standard Romantic depictions of the ballerina, Degas's dancers are anonymous spread-legged workers on public display. Female portraiture and self-portraiture, in contrast, depicted the unique and the distinctive: privileged women, self-assured individuals transgressing gender conventions. Focusing on Degas's representation of the dancer, Tamar Garb examines the development of Degas's oeuvre from its early Realist documentary ambitions to the abstracted Symbolist renderings of the feminine as cypher in his later works. She argues that despite the apparent depletion of social significance and specificity, Degas's later works remain deeply enmeshed in contemporary gendered ways of viewing and experiencing art and life. Garb also looks at the transformation in the genre of portraiture heralded by the "new woman," examining the historical expectations of female portraiture and demonstrating how these expectations are challenged by new notions of female autonomy and interiority. Women artists such as Anna Klumpke, Rosa Bonheur, and Anna Bilinska deployed the language of Realism in their own self-representation. The figure of femininity remained central to the personal, political, and pictorial imperatives of artists across the spectrum of modern aesthetics. Gender and genre intersect throughout this book to show how these categories mutually impact one another.

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Perspectives on Humanity in the Fine Arts introduces students to the fine arts as expressions and reflections of the human condition. After introducing readers to the elements of each art form, the book explores specific historical periods and geographical areas and presents their arts to help readers better understand their living conditions, religion, philosophy, aspirations, failures, politics, and views on love and war. Through studying a diverse group of arts-including visual art, music, dramatic art, and dance-within a specific geographical and historical context, students experience each culture as a contemporary participant might. Areas covered include prehistory, the ancient Near East and Egypt, classical Greece and Rome, the Byzantine Empire, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, baroque, neoclassical, romantic and twentieth-century art forms, and others. The second edition features vocabulary lists at the end of each chapter, many new images, and fresh content throughout, including new material on Ancient Egyptian landscape gardening; Roman architecture; Byzantine artwork; Rococo art; neoclassic art and landscaping; romanticism in the arts; and realism. Perspectives on Humanity in the Fine Arts is intended for survey courses that cover the fine arts for non-majors.