The tropics is an area of enormous opportunity and potential. The countries situated between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are largely developing in nature. There is huge interest in the types of business investments made in Southeast Asia, Central Africa, and the Amazonian tropical belts. These tropical regions continue to face opportunities and challenges in attracting foreign direct investments as well as the need to complement and/or compete with larger economies external to the tropics. This book provides an empirical assessment of the key sociocultural, economic, environmental, and political factors that influence the business dynamics of organizations operating within the tropics. It will address but is not limited to topics such as attracting businesses to the tropics, facilitating smooth, stable conditions for business operations and sustainability, national institutions, and regulations that shape the way business is done, and the increasing deployment of new technologies and entrepreneurial innovations which are defining the global tropics as a distinct business region. It will offer readers a key focus for developing a deeper understanding of the factors and frameworks that influence and shape business activity in the area. While the primary audience for the book consists of academics and students from the fields of economics (environmental economics, developmental economics), business, international trade, tourism, and area studies, it will also provide a practical resource for government policy analysts wanting to fully appreciate some of the key economic and business issues facing the region.

This book surveys the landscape of supermarket retailing in Africa, showing how this expanding part of the retail sector is changing consumerism on the continent. Drawing on research covering retail formats, consumer behaviour, strategies, operation research, ICT, relationship marketing, and market linkage, the book investigates the many factors impacting the growth of supermarkets in Africa. The contributors employ theories, concepts, and methods in order to help us to understand changing consumer behaviour, the strategies used by suppliers to access supermarkets, the role of service suppliers in the growth of the sector, and ultimately how supermarkets can assist in making the market linkage between producers and consumers in Africa. The chapters provide a comprehensive exploration of modern retail, discussing its growth and future, identifying consumer preferences, as well as suggesting solutions to the challenges that retailers and suppliers on the continent face in developing the sector. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of the retail sector and retail management in Africa.

With the rapid development and drastic change of the world economy, "Digital Finance", "Internet Finance", "Science and Technology Finance" have become new hotspots, which also represent the future trend of economy development in the era of big data. Enterprises are facing more uncertainty, opportunities coexist with challenges. There are more possibilities for economic development and enterprise management to accelerate the integration of cutting-edge research results, to deepen hot topics discussion and to promote opinion exchanges among academic and business circles. The Sixth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM2021) was successfully held online on October 16-17, 2021, and aimed to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academics as well as industry professionals from all over the world to present their latest research findings and development activities in economic and business management. These proceedings include 51 accepted articles selected from 94 submissions.

Contemporary businesses are exposed to global competition enhanced by new information technology and liberalized cross-border transactions in many industries. This introduces a new competitive dynamic, influenced by actors in developed and emerging markets. The dynamic puts major demands on executives as they consider future moves that support strategic initiatives. The context of intensified global competition requires attention from practicing (and aspiring) leaders in international business organizations. Drawing on contemporary research, Competitive International Strategy: Key Implementation Issues addresses international business strategy formulation and implementation in the global competitive market. It captures the essential strategy components by elaborating on the implementation of corporate integration and local responsiveness. This is considered a vital dichotomy in the development of international business strategies. Essential components include competition context, firm's resources, strategy directions and competence, implementation issues, and competitiveness. The book includes several detailed company cases. Bridging the strategy formulation and implementation is crucial for the ultimate success of international business firms. This book will be of great value to students at an advanced level, academics, and reflective practitioners in the fields of strategic management, leadership, and international business.

Very little has been written on industrialization and deindustrialization in Asia and Africa. This reference work sheds illuminating light upon the industrial development in Asia and Africa. It also provides an in-depth look into China's engagement and migrant labour in Africa. The book also addresses the roles of public-private partnership (PPP) and international development cooperation and how they are fundamental to industrialization in Asia and Africa. Designing Integrated Industrial Policies will be a very useful reference particularly as a how-to guide on industrial promotion and designing integrated industrial policies not only for economic growth and job creation but also for "inclusive" development. It comes with country cases and illustrates useful tools for industrial policy simulation and for evidence-based policy making through these concrete examples.

This book is based on the review of literature on different themes related to business and management in the Asia Pacific context. All seven chapters included in this book explore the past, present and future of business and research. They cover diverse topics in the Asia Pacific context ranging from different ways of thinking to innovation implementation and efficiency, responsible tourism, internal marketing to leadership. This book will be useful for researchers, practitioners and policy makers. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the Asia Pacific Business Review.

Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic and entrepreneurial regions in the world. Despite its entrepreneurial nature, the study of entrepreneurship has largely been on North America and Europe. This book showcases the entrepreneurial capabilities that are taking place in Southeast Asia from a digital innovation perspective. The book questions the role of entrepreneurship in the Southeast Asian context. It also provides a historical analysis of how entrepreneurship is influenced by the history of individual Southeast Asian countries. It goes on to examine heritage tourism to explore how entrepreneurship is embedded in cultural and social endeavours, and explores how digital technologies and innovations are leading change in the region's business ecosystems. The book closes by examining the effects of the pandemic from a risk management perspective to show the interrelationship between crisis management and innovation, before highlighting areas for future research. The comprehensive coverage of different countries within Southeast Asia regarding their entrepreneurial initiatives will enrich the existing literature and will be a useful reference to scholars researching entrepreneurship.

This stimulating book surveys the research on the challenges and opportunities encountered when working within culturally and geographically diverse organizational settings. Expert contributors pose and address complex questions regarding cultural competence and leadership in today's rich landscape of global organizations, multiple-leader teams, extensive coordination among locations, and ever-evolving virtual communication technologies. The ideas described here focus not only on building cultural skills to develop and sustain teams, but also on applying knowledge, building insight, evaluating performance, and training team members to be leaders. Among the book's innovations: the Globally Intelligent Leadership framework, strategies for building multicultural collaborative leadership, military and peacemaking perspectives, and new approaches for assessing cross-cultural competencies. Included in the coverage: * Globally Intelligent Leadership: toward an integration of competencies. * Considerations and best practices for developing cultural competency models in applied work domains. * Cultural dilemmas and sociocultural encounters: an approach for understanding, assessing, and analyzing culture. * Conflict competence in a multicultural world. * Twenty countries in twenty years: modeling, assessing, and training generalizable cross-cultural skills. * Expecting the unexpected: cognitive and affective adaptation across cultures. Critical Issues in Cross Cultural Management will interest students, scholars, and practitioners in industrial organizational psychology, organizational behavior, work psychology, and applied psychology programs looking for a summary of up-to-date research and viewpoints on this increasingly salient topic.

In the wake of the drastic changes that have occurred in the world banking industry over the past two decades, Professor Canals's new book addresses several important questions: are universal banks bound to disappear? What is the role of universal banks and financial markets in the context of deregulation and disintermediation? What should banks' strategic reactions be to changes in the industry such as diversification, internationalization, and restructuring? And what role do banks play vis a vis modern financial markets? Canals draws on up-to-date case studies from Europe, Japan, and the US to provide a provocative reassessment of universal banking.

Technological innovation is a core aspect of corporate and national competitiveness and it is not only complex-requiring cooperation and coordination among many stakeholders-but it also involves high risk due to uncertainty. Financial markets are a key to successful technological innovation. This book looks at how traditional financing and non-traditional ones transform corporate innovation strategy. This book reviews Korean companies to illustrate the impact of financialization on technological innovation through the relationships among financialization, managerial myopia and short-termism of innovation strategy. It does so by conducting an empirical study using Korean firm and USPTO data from the period of 1980 to 2017. By analyzing the innovation capabilities of Korean companies and presenting indicators of technological competitiveness, it offers insights into how financialization has influenced organizational behaviour, causing them to shift strategy formulation, decision making for production, investment and technological innovation away from a long-term perspective to short-term one. This concise book will be of interest to those interested in strategy and entrepreneurship innovation, especially policy makers focusing on financialization or national level innovation strategies.

The forces of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA) in today's world are shaping businesses and calling into question the wisdom of existing business models. VUCA challenges businesses to digitalize and transform in ways they had not contemplated before. This book looks at how successful businesses have revitalized and innovated their business models. It illustrates through cases how these businesses have adapted to new forms of globalization through the lens of Business Model Innovation (BMI) theories in a digital world. This book's chapters are divided into three sections. The first section examines the existing literature, the second section focuses on business processes and behaviour, and lastly the third section presents four case studies of sustainable international businesses from sectors such the fashion and digital services industry. Paying attention to business decisions and outcomes, the contributors critically examine which theories and practices would be most applicable for a digitally transforming world. This book provides insights that will interest researchers and academics in the fields of sustainable business, organizational change, and digital transformation, amongst others. Its observations into sustainable digital transformation may also interest business leaders and consultants.

This book explores the simultaneous Asianisation and feminisation of mid-level management in the financial services sector in world and global cities in the Asia-Pacific. Chan draws on 50 in-depth interviews with ethnically Chinese female professionals working in middle or upper management positions in Sydney, Hong Kong, Shanghai and four other cities in Australia and China. She analyses the interplay between geographical location, gender and career mobility. Growing numbers of transnational Chinese live and work in major cities in developed countries. In this context, a new social, economic ecosystem is being created for and by female professionals working in an elite sector of the service industry across the Asia-Pacific region. Chan examines the nature of this ecosystem through an examination of the lives and work of such women - their role in forming multinational networks in financial service firms, their collective work situation, their daily challenges, and their coping strategies in the workplace and at home. A compelling comparative study, which will be of great interest to scholars and students looking at the role of gender and ethnicity in globalisation.

This edited volume builds on the previously published Self-Initiated Expatriation: Individual, Organizational, and National Perspectives, which served to give in-depth insights into the concept and the processes of self-initiated expatriation and presented different groups undertaking self-initiated foreign career moves. While more than a hundred articles on self-initiated expatriation (SIE) have been published in the meanwhile, an examination of the research questions and samples of SIEs in published SIE research shows that the role of context and its impact on SIEs' career-related decisions and behaviors has not been explored sufficiently. This raises the question in how far existing research results are comparable. The aim of this follow-up volume is to deepen the understanding of SIEs' careers, focusing on the contextual influences of space, time, and institutions on the heterogeneous SIE population. More specifically, the editors aim to shed light on spatial conditions in terms of the home and host country conditions on the self-initiated expatriation experience and examine developments over time in terms of temporality of conditions and SIEs' life-course. Moreover, the influence of the institutional context in terms of occupational, organisational, and societal specificities will be analysed. All chapters are based on strong theoretical foundations that serve to conceptualise "context" and are written by both established and emerging global academics and researchers. Self-Initiated Expatriates in Context contributes to conceptual clarity in the burgeoning field of SIE research by drawing attention to the importance of exploring context and, thus, boundary conditions to careers. It offers specific guidance for an improvement of future SIE-related research in order to enhance the validity of future empirical studies as well as for an improvement of managerial practice. It will be of interest to researchers, academics, practitioners, and students in the fields of international business, human resource management, organisational studies, and strategic management.

This book explores emerging trends in internationalization, analyzing the processes and steps that firms take when entering new markets. This timely contribution highlights the need for a deeper understanding of today's internationalization process, critiquing existing literature and instead proposing a new paradigm based on a re-interpretation of the Resource-based View (RBV). Analysing the motives behind internationalizing, the factors affecting entry choices, and the challenges connected to outsourcing and offshoring, the authors present a new framework for understanding the reasons behind internationalization and the financial risks that are involved. With theoretical discussion and empirical case studies, this book seeks to offer an informed insight into internationalizing, making it an invaluable read for those researching entrepreneurship on a global scale, as well as managers and leaders of international firms.

Imagine that you are a corporate executive or small business owner in a midwestern city under water after weeks of extreme weather and drenching rainfall. Infrastructure has been damaged beyond repair, transportation arteries are closed, and your supply chain is broken. Families have been driven from homes, food and water are in short supply, and people are becoming unruly. Government agencies are not in a position to help. Declining revenue and partisan antipathy fueled by ideological differences have eroded confidence in government. The city is in total disrepair and unable to deliver desperately needed services. It is edging toward implosion and community leaders have turned to you for help. Catastrophe that would have been unthinkable in earlier times is a reality in a world coming out of pandemic and facing existential threats such as climate change, inequality and global conflict. Catastrophic Risk: Business Strategy for Managing Turbulence in a World at Risk challenges business to step up and assume a pivotal role with communities under stress due to prolonged exposure to risk. When powerful societal forces meet behavior that deters response to risk, the consequences of risk are exacerbated. The compounding effect of behavior on risk has opened an important role for business in mobilizing people and communities in times of crisis. It is a role that cannot be fulfilled, however, without purpose, strategy and plans sufficiently robust to overcome the threat of risk. To prosper in this environment, business will need to make a significant contribution to society as well as to deliver financial performance. For companies, this will mean involvement in community in ways that significantly depart from current practice. For leaders, it will mean new skills-contextual sensitivity, a greater understanding of behavioral dynamics, and enhanced capacity to relate to people on an emotive basis. This book is about the relationship between risk, societal forces and human behavior-a relationship informed by the sciences that is critically important for business. Its goal is two-fold: to bring catastrophic risk to the world of business and to further business engagement in service to the common good.

The updated sixth edition of International Human Resource Management is an authoritative resource that focuses on international human resource management (IHRM) within multinational enterprises (MNEs). The book includes fifteen chapters with rich pedagogy students have come to expect and is organized into four sections: Strategic Context National and Cultural Context Global Talent Management Role and the Future of IHRM Each chapter has been designed to lead readers through key topics in a highly engaging and approachable way with learning goals, relevant data, exhibits, figures, vignettes, end-of-chapter case studies, discussion questions, up-to-date content, and numerous references. The sixth edition includes discussions on evolving IHRM topics such as international experiences and adult third culture kids, expanded analyses on health and safety statistics and global workforce analytics, as well as updated and revised illustrations, cases, references, and instructor resources. Uncovering precisely why IHRM is essential for success in international business and how IHRM policies and practices function within the multinational enterprise, this comprehensive textbook provides an excellent foundation for understanding the theory and practice of IHRM. It is essential reading for all students, instructors, and IHRM professionals.

The subject of wine marketing is widely treated by practitioners and marketing experts in many countries. But we are now entering a new era for marketers: peers trust peers. Top-down messaging is losing ground, while bottom-up buzz is gaining power. How can marketers and academics respond to this challenge in the wine industry? Every few months new technologies, new devices, and new practices require analysis, creative processes, and adaptation. E-marketing is a global strategy allowing the industry to reach niche markets. For the first time in history we are able to measure the consumption patterns of an entire market and adjust quickly to their behaviours. We are now leaving the Information Age and entering the Recommendation Age through opinion leaders and various trenders. This practical new book is written by a leading wine industry expert, in an easy and accessible style. Illustrated with many case studies from around the word, this book is an invaluable guide to anyone working in, or interested in the wine industry.

This book lies within two interdisciplinary fields that should be bridged: cross-cultural management and international human resource management. The consequences of globalization lead to a more extensive recruitment process of global talents to fit the different work structures and competitive work environment of tomorrow. The emergence of self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) further intensify the challenges faced by multinational organizations because people are searching for better career prospects and they are willing to re-locate in order to obtain competitive salary or compensation packages. With the emergence of SIEs, multinational corporations need to acknowledge the influence of culture on management practices because the expatriates will bring their own cultural baggage and uniqueness to the company's doorsteps. By integrating both fields, this book provides a valuable understanding in order to educate SIEs on the richness of cultural behaviors. Indeed, the complexities of human behaviours opens up the window of opportunities to recognize that we are all human beings with unique characteristics, personality and attitudes. It is until and when we equally acknowledge that culture is an essence of humankind and that culture continues to shape people with a magical touch of diversity and uniqueness, only then will the global world greet people inclusively by embracing 'tolerance, appreciation, and happiness!' Culture has a paramount impact on how leaders manage their colleagues and teams in the workplace. One's attitudes, values, beliefs and perceptions all matter when people work with culturally diverse colleagues. Cultural differences cannot be ignored as a work structure that thrives only in a monoculture environment is hardly in existence for multinational corporation of today. Instead, the multi-cultured environment takes priority with the soaring number of demands for global talents and workforces that need to be recruited. It is clearly established in the field of international human resources that there are increasing trends and phenomenon of burgeoning SIEs in newly occupied cosmopolitan cities in the world such as Dubai, Qatar, Jeddah, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Tokyo, and many others. At the end, one key question matters for the journey of cultural sense making to begin: What is it like to experience the forces and effects of culture in the workplace when one is an expatriate?

This book is a comprehensive work which incisively analyses, from a theoretically informed perspective, crucial aspects of India's journey from partial divestiture to privatisation, accompanied by case studies of enterprises being privatised in FY 2022. Naib begins with the economic role of the state followed by theoretical and empirical evidence on the state versus private ownership in the first two chapters. Next, an overview of public sector in India including the New Public Sector Enterprise Policy for Atmanirbhar Bharat-2021 is discussed, before a broader examination of the global experience with privatisation is done. Naib then goes on to explore India's journey from partial divestiture to privatisation from 1991 to 2021 in four time slots based on the political party in power. The book also looks at big ticket privatisation and asset monetisation proposed in FY 2022. Many criticised the design of National Monetisation Plan as it may lead to concentration of wealth, increasing inequalities, asset stripping, and consumers paying higher charges. The book closes by presenting six instances of big-ticket privatisations ranging from airlines, airports, banks, insurance, as well as industries such as petroleum and telecoms. The book's timely data and analysis of key developments will interest researchers in the fields of divestiture and privatisation in India.

Technological change has transformed the ways knowledge is developed and shared internationally. Accordingly, in the quarter-century since the WTO was established, and since its Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights came into force, both the knowledge dimension of trade and the functioning of the IP system have been radically transformed. The need to understand and respond to this change has placed knowledge at the centre of policy debates about economic and social development. Recognizing the need for modern analytical tools to support policymakers and analysts, this publication draws together contributions from a diverse range of scholars and analysts. Together, they offer a fresh understanding of what it means to trade in knowledge in today's technological and commercial environment. The publication offers insights into the prospects for knowledge-based development and ideas for updated systems of governance that promote the creation and sharing of the benefits of knowledge.

We live in times of increasing world uncertainty. Consumer culture in Asia has embodied such precariousness, with their unprecedented states of both prosperity and vulnerability. Works in this volume examine the consumer cultures that exist in today's precarious Asia. They do this through culturally oriented, critical consumer research. How deeply has the consumer precariousness in Asia been intertwined with the sociohistorical patterning of consumption including class, gender, and other social categories? How do these problematics affect consumers' identity projects, consumer rituals, and marketplace cultures? How is consumer precariousness aggravated by the governmentality of the superpower? How does the changing landscape of inter-Asian and global popular culture impact consumer culture in these nations? Together, the authors in this volume attempt to answer these questions through consumer research within the paradigm known as consumer culture theory (CCT). Since most CCT inquiry has been in Western contexts, this volume augments the existing knowledge. It presents the most current, critical, historical, and material consumer studies focused on Asia. This volume will be of interest to seasoned CCT researchers and academics, for anyone new to CCT, and for postgraduate students interested in CCT or writing a consumer culture-related thesis.

Focusing on global value chains and their importance to trade, this edited collection explores the strategic role of logistics and supply chain infrastructure in the development of Africa. Skilled authors present critical analysis of the current state of logistics in Africa, and suggest improvements to policy and practice which address the issue of poor trading relationships. This book will engage entrepreneurs, academics and policy-makers interested in international business, raising awareness of the need for better trade infrastructure in Africa in order to ensure the continent's economic development.

This book covers multiple areas such as technology and the type of application in aviation, tourism and hospitality with looking at current and future technology application, as well as in a rural tourism perspective. The strength of this book comes from the authors themselves coming from multiple higher institutions in Malaysia and Indonesia as these two countries are the top two countries in Southeast Asia with the world's most popular tourist destinations and for a reason: a tropical climate, rich culture, gorgeous beaches, wonderful food and low prices. This book is also packed with detailed knowledge in the area of air travel, as well as deep understanding on the related theories used as theoretical underpin in performing air travel research. This book provides insightful discussion and very beneficial to the reader. This book is suitable for the following readers: general, students, travelers, academics, tourism consultants, aviation regulators, aviation practitioners and ministries of tourism. Readers are also exposed to recent issues and development pertaining technology application in aviation tourism and hospitality, theoretical discussion related to technology application as well as its application and future research application.

This book explores the meaning and practice of empowering methodologies in organisational and social research. In a context of global academic precarity, this volume explores why empowering research is urgently needed. It discusses the situatedness of knowing and knowledge in the context of core-periphery relations between the global North and South. The book considers the sensory, affective, embodied practice of empowering research, which involves listening, seeing, moving and feeling, to facilitate a more diverse, creative and crafty repertoire of research possibilities. The essays in this volume examine crucial themes including: * How to decolonise management knowledge * Using imaginative, visual and sensory methods * Memory and space in empowering research * Empowerment and feminist methodologies * The role of reflexivity in empowering research By bringing postcolonial perspectives from India, the volume aims to revitalise management and organisation studies for global readers. This book will be useful for scholars and researchers of management studies, organisational behaviour, research methodology, development studies, social sciences in general and gender studies and sociology.