The transformation of China's economy from a centrally planned to a market-oriented system has had a profound impact on management systems and practices at the firm level, particularly changes to the organization of work. One of the consequences of this is increasing social disparity reflected through inequality of employees' income and employment conditions. This book, based on extensive original research including interviews and questionnaire surveys in different regions of China, explores the exact nature of these changes and their effects. It examines state-owned enterprises, foreign-owned enterprises and domestic private enterprises, discusses the extent to which employees are satisfied with their employment conditions and whether they think their employment conditions are fair and outlines how managers and employees in China expect conditions to change in future.

This book provides a qualitative analysis of the process of consultancy, to prove how intercultural communication can solve issues rising from multiculturalism in organizations and policymaking. Experts in intercultural consultancy examine 12 different cases from real situations, focusing on interviews with clients and the way advice is presented and discussed with them, and on collected data and the process by which it is gathered. The book proves how the mechanisms of intercultural communication can be used to foster respectful relationships between people of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds and contribute to the success of the project or organization in question. This book will be a key resource for scholars and students involved in intercultural communication, management, and consultancy, as well as professionals that are confronted in their work with diversity and would like to know more about intercultural consultancy. Additional questions for discussion and readings are available as e-resources on the Routledge Website.

The Covid-19 pandemic has induced a crisis grasping the world abruptly, simultaneously, and swiftly. As a critical juncture, it ignited a change of era for international business. This book illustrates how governments have dealt with the pandemic and the consequent impacts on international business. It also explores the disrupted operations and responses of businesses as their worldwide interconnectivity has been seriously threatened. The book discourses multidirectional aspects of the effects of Covid-19 on international business, ranging from the juxtaposing forces disrupting globalization and installing a change of era through decoupling of technological, production and knowledge flows to its stimulating aspects to the strategic response on business, industry and state level. The book contains thirty chapters that offer a multidimensional interpretation of impacts of Covid-19 on international business theory and practice. Employing the latest state of knowledge on the topic, the book is aimed at international business audience - scholars, students and managers who need to understand better the nature, scope and scale of the impacts of the pandemic on international business.

This book carries out comprehensive research on the underlying problems regarding the globalization of Chinese enterprises. It also proposes practical solutions for dealing with difficulties in the legal sphere, legislation, international talent development, and financing solutions for Chinese firms going global. In light of the great opportunities and space for outbound investment, this book also provides insights on how to push forward the Belt and Road Initiative. The insights herein help readers understand the basic state of Chinese enterprises in overseas development and has important reference value for enterprises looking to gain a better understanding of foreign investment strategies, make the most of opportunities and challenges and promote their development at a higher level.

The crisis caused by COVID-19 poses a major challenge for the global economy and business. It has been a test for economic resilience, and how this crisis will affect business activities will be determined by their competitiveness. Only firms that have succeeded in reorienting and quickly adapting to the emerging crisis have continued without interruption in their operations, thus demonstrating their flexibility and high level of resilience. Research shows that companies driving the gig economy celebrate the benefits: flexibility, additional income, freedom and other various opportunities for workers. They require entrepreneurial digital skills that improve their competitiveness and benefit not only themselves but the economy as well. Therefore, digital competencies are becoming a significant resource and precondition for employment, and it is essential to promote digital entrepreneurial skills, introducing them into education programs through different forms of education. This book stresses and explores the importance of synergy between industry and virtual universities. Considering the importance of these issues, this book draws together literature on globalization and small and medium enterprise development and internationalization from disparate sources into a cohesive body of work, which traces the evolution of entrepreneurship and our understanding of the topic. It investigates the impact of digitalization on creating job opportunities in the labor market. Covering social, economic and psychological approaches to the most current topics, this book will be a useful framework to new theories and practices that are emerging to challenge conventional wisdom. It will be of interest to scholars, upper-level students, and researchers involved in the field of entrepreneurship.

This open access book brings together narratives of inbound and outbound expatriate entrepreneurship in Japan to provide a comprehensive overview of international entrepreneurship in the region. Through in-depth interviews with expatriate entrepreneurs, policymakers, and additional stakeholders it provides the reader with a solid understanding of the current landscape of international entrepreneurship as it relates to Japan and the challenges for policymakers. The topics addressed in this book include definitions of expatriate entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship policy development and implementation, concepts of mindset, cultural brokerage, community, and identity as they relate to Japanese self-initiated expatriate entrepreneurs working in South East Asia and to non-Japanese self-initiated expatriate entrepreneurs working in Japan. Additionally, the book provides an overview of issues connected to regional development and economic growth in Asia. Illustrated through carefully chosen cases from Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Indonesia and developed by connecting these cases to policy and interdisciplinary studies, this book is highly recommended to scholars, policymakers and practitioners who seek an in-depth and up-to-date integrated overview of the field of expatriate entrepreneurship in Asia.

The advent of the international trade regime has compelled many East Asian governments to retreat from the scene of strategic trade policy. While surviving on their own in world markets and responding to the technological paradigm, East Asian MNCs, and in particular Korean electronics multinationals, have begun to emerge as market coordinators, either individually or collectively. This book examines how, and to what extent, the nature of industry and international trade regimes, including EU trade policies, have impacted on their market power and transformed Korean state-corporate power relations.

Covers the changing trends in the event tourism industry The influence and role of social media and other technology. The contribution of women in events and festivals. The impact of event tourism in economic development on local communities.

As the #MeToo movement has become an increasingly global and significant workplace matter, a timely resource compiling must-know international workplace sexual harassment laws for the multinational employer is clearly needed. This book provides a comprehensive compilation of global sexual harassment laws, clearly necessary in this climate but not currently existing until now. It presents legislation addressing workplace sexual harassment in over 50 countries in the European Region, Asia Pacific, Americas, and the Middle East and Africa. Within each region, the laws of individual countries are set forth, as well as some cultural context and recent developments to indicate present and future trends in workplace sexual harassment regulation. Written in clear, plain English for anyone without a legal background to understand, this book is essential reading and a key resource for employment and business attorneys, global employers, managers, human resources professionals, and occupational health and safety professionals. Academics, practitioners, union members, employees, NGOs, and those in the human rights field will also benefit from this timely resource.

Focusing on the interconnection of tariff structure, international trade and welfare evaluation, the book investigates the characteristics of tariff structures of China and the U.S. in recent years and measures the impact of the Sino-U.S. trade friction that started in 2018. The first part of the book discusses levels and evolution trends of tariff systems of China and the U.S. from 2000 to 2014 and makes a comparison between the two countries' tariff structures. The second part centers on the Sino-U.S. trade friction in 2018, analyzing its development, overall impact on welfare, and relevant impact mechanisms. The author draws on the quantitative analysis method currently prevailing in the field of international trade, taking global value chains, intermediate goods, and variable markup into consideration. In contrast to the research conclusion applying standard trade theory, the result indicates that either unilateral imposition of additional tariffs or bilateral tariff friction will give rise to the deteriorated welfare level of both countries. The book will appeal to academics and policy makers interested in international trade, China-U.S. relation and the trade friction.

The international business sector has been completely revolutionized due to shifts in global economy, digitization, and the Internet. Integrating New Technologies in International Business: Opportunities and Challenges explores the rapid changes in technology that have affected businesses and social environments that are offering new challenges and opportunities for small to mid-size enterprises (SMEs) and start-ups. It highlights how businesses in emerging economies are implementing the new technological innovations to compete in the global market. The chapters in the volume provide valuable insight on many cutting-edge topics on new technology in the business environment and the new digital world, or Industry 4.0, including: Internet of Things (IoT) and customer relationship management Cross-cultural management Artificial intelligence Social media advertising Multichannel banking Digital payment technology Blockchain technology Augmented reality Eye-tracking analysis This book will be a valuable resource for business leaders and managers, industry professionals, business scholars, regulatory stakeholders, policymakers, faculty and students, and those who are interested in the current trends in the state of global digitization in industrial markets. The information provided here will help readers find the most appropriate approaches for taking advantage of these new technologies.

Presents fifteen historical case studies of international cartels that include agricultural and mineral commodities, the machinery industry, telephone equipment, whiskey and cement. Draws together researchers from different nations to examine the impact of international cartels on the experience of individual countries; those nations' interactions with one or more international cartels; and ultimately with the individual nation's interactions with the wider international community. Useful literature for researchers, academics and advanced students in the fields of business and economic history, political economy, and government policy and those interested in cartels and their impact on the wider economy.

The thirteenth edition of McGregor's Who Owns Whom presents a summary of the annual report of every company listed on the Johannesburg stock exchange, plus those on the stock exchanges of Harare, Windhoek and Gaberone. For each company, the data presented include: ultimate controlling shareholder, shareholders above 1%, directors, addresses of registered offices, nature of business, year end, number of employees, capital structure, financial statistics and ratios, subsidiaries, associated companies and investments. Comprehensive indexes reveal the ownership of approximately 16,000 companies, the share portfolios of major S.African investors, and the cross-directorships of 4000 directors of listed companies. Detailed schedules provide additional data including newly listed companies, companies recently delisted, companies categorised by sector, companies listed by financial year end, company name changes, unit trusts, mines working results, and much more.

This book analyzes the specifics of corporate governance of China's State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and their assessment under EU merger control, which is reflected in the EU Commission's screening of the notified economic concentrations. Guided by the going global policy and the Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese SOEs have expanded their global presence considerably. Driven by the need to acquire cutting edge technologies and other industrial policy considerations, Chinese SOEs have engaged in a series of corporate acquisitions in Europe. The main objective of this book is to demonstrate the conceptual and regulatory challenges of applying traditional merger assessment tools in cases involving Chinese SOEs due to the specifics in their corporate governance and the regulatory framework under which they operate in China. The book also explores the connection between the challenges experienced by the merger control regimes in the EU and the recent introduction of the EU foreign direct investment screening framework followed by a proposal concerning foreign subsidies. The book will be a useful guide for academics and researchers in the fields of law, international relations, political science, and political economy; legal practitioners dealing with cross-border mergers and acquisitions; national competition authorities and other public bodies carrying out merger control; policy makers, government officials, and diplomats in China and the EU engaged in bilateral economic relations.

Exploring the interplay of politics and commerce in one of the most dynamic periods of British history, this book traces the fortunes of the India and Eastern Trading Company Limited, established in 1906 to finance a jute plantation in Assam, north-east India. In a watershed period for commercial culture, as family capitalism and industrial economics gave way to a predominance of speculative investment and the marketing of ideas, analysis of this London-registered company and its international management forms a lens through which to view the broader socio-political and economic environment of the late-Victorian period to the interwar. Mapping the eclectic bonds that created a network of association between a multinational cast of merchants, company promoters, mining engineers, politicians and industrialists, reveals the multiplicity of strands which coalesced to create one share company. By examining their responses to the opportunities created by colonialism: to enabling legislations and set-backs, to competition and collaboration, internationalism versus rising nationalism, an important era in British history is examined from an entirely fresh perspective. The history of the India and Eastern Trading Company Limited is a tale of cloaked agendas, of land speculation under the guise of colonial agriculture, of German and Russian interests embedded in British-empire prospects, which exposes the intrigues of some of the most infamous imperialists of the era; figures who were the subject of intense academic scrutiny throughout the twentieth century and remain at the forefront of impassioned debate in the twenty first.

The Development of International Business offers an extensive understanding of contemporary international business through detailed, engaging discussion of the development of the multinational enterprise (MNE) over the past half-century. By providing an analytically informed basis for understanding MNEs, two parallel strands of analysis in International Business (IB) are reviewed: the `theoretical' and the `practical'. Firstly, Robert Pearce identifies how the practical restructuring of the MNE as an organisational form has responded to changes in the wider global economy and how this evolution has interacted with the enrichment of theory on the topic. Secondly, by tracing the persisting dynamics of the MNE's structure and strategic positioning, he demonstrates the use of these systems and how they can help to understand and organise the future evolution of not only MNEs but of international business as a whole. Highly accessible with an informed overview of the entire IB subject area, The Development of International Business is an essential text for students and academics of business, management, economics and development. More generally, business leaders, economists and politicians will value the exceptional insight into the progression of international business and its future.

The book investigates the entrepreneurial marketing (EM) concept within the broader discipline of international entrepreneurship. The analysis of this concept, and designing a model of EM antecedents, elements, and outcomes that was tested on the basis of empirical studies covering companies from three European countries, explores and develops the field of international marketing and entrepreneurship. The book examines the role of entrepreneurial marketing in the internationalization processes of new ventures and adopts both qualitative and quantitative methods for analyzing the antecedents and characteristics of entrepreneurial marketing, as well as their relationships with internationalization activities and firms' performances. It goes on to show how the application of entrepreneurial marketing may lead to an accelerated internationalization of companies originating from a transition market, as well as the Western-European markets. It addresses these topics with regards to entrepreneurial marketing and management and will be of interest to researchers, academics, managers, entrepreneurs, and students in the fields of international business, international marketing, and entrepreneurship.

Open internationalization is a concept that brings a new perspective on the process of firm internationalization. As theories of internationalization show, some companies expand abroad only on their own, known as closed internationalization, while others combine their resources with those of other firms or use their networks for facilitating foreign implantation, known as open internationalization. Parallel to the development of the well-known concept of open innovation, open internationalization can be conceived as a meta-model for understanding companies' expansion abroad. This book gathers a selection of contemporary research works dedicated to open internationalization, either seen as a way to analyze expansion in foreign countries, or as a way to investigate the management of geographically dispersed activities. All the authors of the chapters are researchers specialized in the internationalization field. Readers will benefit from this new lens for understanding, studying or practising international business, from the decision to go abroad to its implementation and its efficiency. Open Internationalization Strategy includes both academic empirical investigations and literature reviews on specific topics, making it valuable to researchers, academics, managers, and students in the fields of business and management history, international business, organizational studies, and economics.

This book explores 21st century Korean society on the basis of its dramatically transforming and rapidly expanding commercial funeral industry. With insights into contemporary Confucianism, shamanism and filial piety, as well as modernisation, urbanisation, the division of labour and the digitalisation of consumption, it is the first study of its kind to offer a sophisticated, integrated sociological analysis of how the commodification of death intersects with capitalism, popular culture and everyday life in contemporary Korea. Through innovative analyses of funeral advertising and journalism, screen and literary representations of funerals, online media, consumer accounts of using funeral services and other sources, it offers a complex picture of the widespread effects of economic development, urbanisation and modernisation in South Korean society over the past quarter century. In the aftermath of the Korean "economic miracle" novel ways of paying respect to deceased kin have emerged; using Max Weber's concept of "pariah capitalism", Gil-Soo Han shows how the heightened obsession with and boom in the commodification of death in Korea reflects radical transformations in both capital and culture. Winner of Korean Education Minister's Book Prize 2020

East Asian Business in the New World: Helping Old Economies Revitalize discusses how to conduct business in East Asia. The main objective of the book is to help American workers and businesses gain competitive advantages in a global marketplace in which the emerging Asian economies are rapidly becoming major players. The American economy appears to be on decline, especially relative to the rapidly rising economies in places such as China. To revitalize the American economy and those of the 'old world', we must pay close attention to the economies with which America competes. The objective of this book is two-fold, with an initial focus on the opportunities and challenges of doing business in East Asia that includes tactics that will help readers understand Asian economies and business practices so that they can compete more successfully in the region. Secondly, the book seeks to teach readers how the U.S. can learn from East Asia in revitalizing its own economy. This is what sets the book apart as it analyzes the social institutions in major Asian countries, including the political, economic, and cultural institutions, and then compares them with the institutions in the U.S., identifying the strengths and weaknesses of U.S. institutions and providing strategic and policy recommendations that may help the U.S. economy and American firms compete in the global marketplace.

Drawing on a range of European cases, this edited volume analyses the offshoring and outsourcing of foreign companies, with a focus on territorial embeddedness. The book opens by developing a theoretical framework and then presents a range of international case studies exploring the experiences of the service hub cities of Brno, Bratislava, Budapest, Krakow, and Prague. Attention is also given to internal and external determinants of embeddedness, with chapters on the employee perspective, the Fintech industry, corporate social responsibility, and the role of universities. This volume will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in regional economics, economic geography, innovation studies, industrial economics, European economics, and international business.

The only up-to-date introduction to international sport business Explores the organisational and policy environment for international sport and international business, as well as the day-to-day realities of successful sport business Strong focus on new, transformative technologies and data analytics Every chapter contains real world case studies and data Every chapter includes interviews with leading sport business practitioners, examples of best practice, and discussions of key pieces of research Includes additional on-line learning resources

Trade between China and Africa is increasing year on year, while the West increasingly debates the nature and implications of China's presence. Yet little research exists at the organizational and community levels. While western press reporting is overwhelmingly negative, African governments mostly welcome the Chinese presence. But what happens at the management level? How are Chinese organizations run? What are they bringing to communities? What is their impact on the local job market? How do they manage staff? How are they working with local firms? This book seeks to provide a theoretical framework for understanding Chinese organizations and management in Africa and to explore how their interventions are playing out at the organizational and community levels in sub-Saharan Africa. Based on rigorous empirical research exploring emerging themes in specific African countries, this book develops implications for management knowledge, education and training provision, and policy formulation. Importantly it seeks to inform future scholarship on China's management impact in the world generally, on Africa's future development, and on international and cross-cultural management scholarship. Primarily aimed at scholars of international management, with an interest in China and/or in China in Africa, this important book will also be of great interest to those working in the area of development studies, international politics, and international relations.