In 1980 the Indian software industry was practically non-existent. By the 1990s the industry was one of the largest employers in manufacturing. Similar patterns of growth can be found in other emerging economies. So given that the software industry is commonly viewed as a high-tech industry, how is it that such spectacular growth has occurred in countries where high-tech industries would not seem likely to develop? This book examines the reasons behind this phenomenon, and asks whether it suggests a new model of economic development. The contributors explore the implications of the rise of these newcomers to the software market for the global industry, and whether there are things to be learned about the role of human capital in economic growth, firm formulation and capabilities, business and managerial models and industry structure. Chapters include country studies on Brazil, China, India, Ireland and Israel and are complemented by cross-cutting chapters on some of the key issues highlighted by the groeth patterns of software in these nations, most notably the role of the multinational companies, the globalization of the skilled worker flows, and the formation of firm capabilities. The novelty of the growth patterns in the regions that studied makes this book useful for understanding analytical and empirical issues underlying new microfoundations of economic growth in some emerging regions of the world.

This contributed volume focuses on the management and governance of international business networks (IBN). Specifically, the chapters refer to theoretical, conceptual, empirical, and case study papers from all areas in economics and management of IBN. These include cooperatives, franchising, retail chains, strategic alliances, public-private partnerships and new network forms in the digital economy. This book is ideal for researchers and strategists who are keen to improve their understanding of the latest developments in the field.

The book focuses on the different aspects of business in India required to be taken care of by any businessperson, especially a foreigner, willing to do business in India. India is known for "unity in diversity." The country being a very old civilization, and of continental size with great diversity, often remains a mystery for most of the foreign investors and businesspersons who get very easily attracted to it because of the humongous market and its potential. The book goes deep into the various important aspects of business in India which essentially hold the key to success of a business venture. A good understanding of the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal aspects (the PESTEL framework) of the business environment in the country holds a businessperson in good stead in comparison with others who have little or no idea of the big picture. The book discusses these aspects with pertinent examples to make understanding their interplay easy. Any person unfamiliar with India as a country will get a good idea of different aspects of the country through the PESTEL framework and will be able to understand the true meaning of unity in diversity. Also, it makes it possible for someone well versed with the system of business in India to appreciate the finer aspects. The book is divided into three modules. The first module provides an overview of business in India, scope and potential for growth, opportunities, and some good success stories. The second module goes into the details of the PESTEL framework and discusses each arm at length. The combined study of numerous factors, which has been divided into different heads for better understanding, brings out many stories giving a fantastic learning experience. A closer look at how things are changing and what can be anticipated arguably is the most important part of the book, providing pointers to remain connected with day-to-day happenings. The third module goes into the practical aspects of doing business and deals with investment, establishing and running a business in India. Altogether, the book is a complete package to facilitate ease of business in the country and will be of interest to practitioners, policy makers and researchers working in this field.

This book offers an ethnographic analysis of how corporate culture has been transformed in the age of globalization and promotes the importance of a national ideology's role in corporate culture studies. Based on fifteen months of participant observation as a shop-floor salesperson, this book explores the gap between management-created corporate ideology and employees' interpretations of and responses to this ideology. The book approaches the issue by examining the formation, dissemination, and interpretation of corporate ideology at a global Japanese fashion retailer in Hong Kong. It does so by charting the history of the company's corporate policy: from centralized attempts at corporate employee management, through the creation of store manager "missionaries" intended to disseminate their ideology, to the ultimately unexpected outcomes as corporate ideology collided with its interpretations by store employees. The interdisciplinary nature of this book will appeal to scholars and upper level students in the fields of management, marketing, anthropology, and cultural studies as well as those interested in globalization, cross-cultural management and retail management.

Increased regulatory competition has sharpened the comparative awareness of advantages or disadvantages of different national models of political economy, economic organization, governance and regulation. Although institutional change is slow and subject to functional complementarities as well as social and cultural entrenchment, at least some features of successful modern market economies have been in the process of converging over the last decades. The most important change is a shift in governance from state to the market. As bureaucratic ex-ante control is replaced by judicial ex-post control, administrative discretion is replaced by the rule of law as guidelines for the economy. Furthermore, at least to some extent, public enforcement is being reduced in favor of private enforcement by way of disclosure, enhanced liability, and correspondent litigation for damages. Corporatist approaches to governance are giving way to market approaches, and outsider and market-oriented corporate governance models seem to be replacing insider-based regimes. This transition is far from smooth and poses a daunting challenge to regulators and academics trying to redefine the fundamental governance and regulatory setting. They are confronted with the task of making or keeping the national regulatory structure attractive to investors in the face of competitive pressures from other jurisdictions to adopt state-of-the-art solutions. At the same time, however, they must establish a coherent institutional framework that accommodates the efficient, modern rules with the existing and hard-to-change institutional setting. These challenges - put in a comparative and interdisciplinary perspective - are the subject of the book. As a reflection of the transnationality of the issues addressed, the world's three leading economies and their legal systems are included on an equal basis: the EU, the U.S., and Japan across each of the subtopics of corporations, bureaucracy and regulation, markets, and intermediaries.

* Illustrates the approaches to how business can stay agile and be sustainable in unprecedented situations * Outlines strategies for corporate governance and ethics in digital economy * Explains how to create an innovative culture and outcome based approach to achieve key business deliverables while meeting stakeholders' needs

This book takes issue with the likening of contemporary globalization to nineteenth century trade interdependence, in which the defining feature of contemporary globalization is the spread of global production networks, which were notably absent in the past. Maswood demonstrates that the emergence of global production networks (GPNs) was not a result of economic and trade liberalization, but instead due to neo-protectionist developments in the 1980s that acted as a catalyst to transform Japan's nationally based production networks into the now ubiquitous GPNs. Through this case study of Japan, the author lays out a case for reconsidering the origins of globalization, and explores some of the consequences that are likely to flow from progressive evolutionary transition towards a global economy.

* New volume in a seminal sequence of books providing a thorough foundation in the theories shaping the public relations discipline * Covers both the history of public relations theory, current developments, and anticipated future avenues of research * Features top scholars writing in their areas of expertise within public relations theory

Owing to the convergence of multiple cultures coupled with the unprecedented rapid development in the decades since the late 1990s, the value creation and innovation logic of Asia Pacific business models (BMs) has been constantly altered by cultural heterogeneity. As a result, a more complex and diverse landscape relative to Western developed economy BMs evolved. Moreover, the digitalization has fundamentally changed the way people do business, which has promoted a new wave of BM evolution. Unlike a typical linear mode of innovation driven by market demands in many Western cultures, a large number of entrepreneurial enterprises from the Asia Pacific with eastern religions and philosophies have tended to adopt unconventional, culturally grounded strategies of value creation and innovation in their BMs. However, it is difficult to find a Western equivalent to the value-creating route that embodies the humanitarian spirit of Confucianism accommodating simultaneously social and economic values to accelerate innovation during internationalization in existing literatures. This book offers a more holistic picture and contemporary interpretation for identifying and characterizing the unorthodox innovation patterns and the perplexing value-creating logic of Asia Pacific BMs at the crossroads of diverse cultures. It was originally published as a special issue of the Asia Pacific Business Review. This book is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 72272136; 71988101).

'This informative and highly readable book tackles a novel, exciting and challenging topic: the nature of entrepreneurial activity in modern media industries. Based on wide reading and careful case study investigation, it offers the reader a rigorous analysis of this important subject. Synthesising insights from economic theory, management and media studies, the book explores the links between entrepreneurship, culture, networks and innovation. Creativity is an elusive concept; this book sharpens up the concept, and demonstrates its relevance to policy and practice.' - Mark C. Casson, University of Reading, UK The start of the 21st century has seen an explosion of online media, with creative content becoming a driving force for competitiveness. As twin engines of the digital economy, much has been said about both creativity and entrepreneurship but less about their relationship. Entrepreneurial Creativity in a Virtual World provides a synthesis in order to develop a conceptual framework for these phenomena. Using real world case studies, Denise Tsang highlights the economic significance of digital media production in the video game, television and magazine sectors. She illustrates the key issues involved, such as intellectual content creation, coordinating commercial, artistic and technical resources, outsourcing of core creative inputs and engaging with the user community. The end result is a book that builds on existing literature to provide a new framework for entrepreneurial creativity. This book will be useful for students and researchers interested in the theory and evidence behind creativity and entrepreneurship. Consultants and policymakers in creative industries in the UK will find this to be an essential read.

How can tech-forward companies, institutions and non-profits stay relevant long term in today's fast changing global economy? Written for leaders seeking proven strategies, this book by a veteran business advisor and leadership coach explains what large organizations can learn from family enterprises, and vice versa. When survival is threatened by disruption, or growth has stalled, the book shows why seasoned leaders and rising leaders from both family and non-family organizations should join forces for mutual benefit of combining innovation and long term thinking. Florence Tsai advances the field of family business studies with new evolutionary models, organizational frameworks, and case studies of dozens of leading family companies, including IBM, Corning, and New York Times. The book addresses growing problems of disruption-challenges best addressed by seasoned and rising leaders working together, since they have complimentary skills. Seniors bring stability and judgment, while rising leaders understand new markets and introduces innovative ideas. The world's best family enterprises are masters of survival; what they can learn from non-family companies is how to stay nimble when change is accelerating at rates never seen before. Non-family organizations facing trust gaps can learn from successful family enterprises' laser focus on stakeholder engagement. Families like Levi Strauss or Hermes have built trusted brands for generations. Facing disruption, Tsai explains how non-family organizations can insert long term thinking into the DNA of your organization by observing how enterprising families with enduring competitive advantages accomplish it. Strategies include how to develop future-forward mindsets supportive of innovation culture; how to nurture rising leaders who are intrapreneurs, entrepreneurs, and portfolio builders and prepare them to lead in their thirties. Phoenixes rising are the next-generation leaders who lead their family enterprise through intentional transformation in response to inevitable changes and yield successful growth. The book describes this mechanism in detail. Legendary Phoenixes profiled in this book include Irenee du Pont in the U.S., whose tech innovation at Eleutherian Mills transformed the gun powder industry; David Rene de Rothschild in France, who rebuilt a banking business from scratch; and John Elkann of Fiat in Italy, who led the Agnelli family through a succession crisis to emerge stronger. Stories of successful next generation innovators include John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in the U.S., Cristina Stenbeck of AB Kinnevik in Sweden; and Mikkel Vestergaard, inventor of LifeStraw, in Switzerland. With insights drawn from more than a decade of working closely with leading business families and advising the Chairmen and CEOs of their companies, the author argues that if we want to be guided by their long term success, it's the pioneer spirit of the family leaders, plus the enterprising culture of the families themselves, not so much their products or their famous companies, that we should pay attention to. Written for the hackers and for the master architects, Phoenix Rising spotlights principled wealth creation and the shared value that comes from doing good while doing good business, engaging partners and stakeholders sustainably, for the lasting benefit of oneself and society.

The Spring Electric is a lower priced electrical vehicle from The Renault Group. It is the result of an impossible project that was a breakthrough in cultural innovation. The development of the Spring brought together a French company, a Japanese partner, an Indian project, and a Chinese developer to deliver a car for the European market. The Innovation Odyssey: Lessons from an Impossible Project examines four key issues central to this vehicle's development: The nature of the automotive industry itself and the actors involved in these "societal" innovations. The movement toward the electrification of vehicles is inseparable from public policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions. Without substantial subsidies or rigorous bans on internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), the electric vehicle (EV) would not be developed. It is these public policies that create the conditions for an electrified vehicle market. Electrification is thus a three-way game, in which public actors play a central role alongside suppliers and customers. Therefore, an analysis of these policies is essential to understand manufacturers' strategies in this area. What are the differences between these policies? Do they introduce regional competitive advantages? How do firms in the globalized automotive sector adapt to or take advantage of these differences? How can they combine local adaptation. Product strategy. To what extent should this technological breakthrough at the heart of the car be associated with a more profound break in the definition of the automobile product? Is the answer an electrification of the dominant ICEV design (and if so, how?) or a complete redefinition of the vehicle? International cooperation. Automotive design is largely concentrated in the technical centers of the parent companies: Detroit, Guyancourt, Wolfsburg, Yokohama. How can the design processes and the European and Chinese skills and know-how be combined in a project designed far from the traditional European or Japanese bases and under time constraints? Can this original form of design inspire new forms of international cooperation, and under what conditions? Globalized innovation strategies. For multinational groups such as car manufacturers, competitive advantage depends on their ability not only to invent relevant products that find customers in local markets, but also to deploy them rapidly at the global level, harnessing economies of scale that a startup, however innovative, cannot achieve. How then to combine local adaptation of innovations with effective global deployment?

Finally! A comprehensive volume on the management of corporate acquisitions that summarizes contemporary research, and that moves what we know about acquisition management a step further. The book encompasses innovative works from several countries, related to a variety of issues; managerial motives, the role of acquisitions in competitive strategy, as well as organizational and political processes. Unlike several other works on acquisitions, this book emphasizes the most critical issue faced by managers today; how to manage successfully already acquired companies and operations. Both researchers, managers and students of strategy and organization will find this book an important supplement.

This book brings together conceptual and empirical analyses of the causes and consequences of changing business-government relations in China since the 1990s, against the backdrop of the country's increased integration with the global political economy. More specifically, it provides an interdisciplinary account of how the dominant patterns of interactions between state actors, firms and business organizations have changed across regions and industries, and how the changing varieties of these patterns have interacted with the evolution of key market institutions in China. The contributors to this edited volume posit that business-government relations comprise a key linchpin that defines the Chinese political economy and calibrates the character of its constitutive institutional arrangements.

The confluence of global business and digital business, a shift long in the making, is now well underway. Of the important factors that account for this confluence, two in particular stand out: continuing advances in technology and innovation and the growing interconnectedness between the physical and digital worlds. These trends have major implications for corporate strategists. Aimed specifically at an executive/professional audience, this book derives its underpinnings from the actual practice of global and digital business. It's imperative for multinational enterprises (MNEs) to learn from the experiences of other MNEs how they do business and how they became successful in their international and digital activities. A main argument of the book is that MNEs represent a very significant component of the global economy and that there's a paucity of professional books that executives and managers can use to help them enter, compete, and grow in foreign markets - for both physical and digital goods and services. The book's core focus therefore is global strategy for digital businesses and digital strategy for global businesses. MNEs have existed for a very long time. So, why now? The context of business in the last several years has undergone significant change. First, growing interconnectedness between the physical and digital worlds; 2) accelerating growth of technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing, used not only by IT firms but increasingly by firms in practically all industries; 3) growing role of cross-border data flows versus international trade in goods - a fact not often covered in books on strategy and international business; 4) emergence of millions of entrepreneurs and small and medium-sized businesses new to the global marketplace for goods and services; and 5) a changed political, economic, and social environment in many parts of the world including the U.S., several European countries, and Latin America - all of which have important implications for business. This book treats global strategy and digital strategy in an integrated manner in one volume. From a strategy perspective, it classifies products into three categories, physical products, digital products, and smart machines (products that are both physical and digital, and connected to the internet) - because the economics and strategy of each kind of products is distinct from that of others. This book includes new models and frameworks such as the PRISM framework of foreign market selection. It relies on the latest research conducted by major consulting firms such as PricewaterhouseCoopers and McKinsey & Company.

The confluence of global business and digital business, a shift long in the making, is now well underway. Of the important factors that account for this confluence, two in particular stand out: continuing advances in technology and innovation and the growing interconnectedness between the physical and digital worlds. These trends have major implications for corporate strategists. Aimed specifically at an executive/professional audience, this book derives its underpinnings from the actual practice of global and digital business. It's imperative for multinational enterprises (MNEs) to learn from the experiences of other MNEs how they do business and how they became successful in their international and digital activities. A main argument of the book is that MNEs represent a very significant component of the global economy and that there's a paucity of professional books that executives and managers can use to help them enter, compete, and grow in foreign markets - for both physical and digital goods and services. The book's core focus therefore is global strategy for digital businesses and digital strategy for global businesses. MNEs have existed for a very long time. So, why now? The context of business in the last several years has undergone significant change. First, growing interconnectedness between the physical and digital worlds; 2) accelerating growth of technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing, used not only by IT firms but increasingly by firms in practically all industries; 3) growing role of cross-border data flows versus international trade in goods - a fact not often covered in books on strategy and international business; 4) emergence of millions of entrepreneurs and small and medium-sized businesses new to the global marketplace for goods and services; and 5) a changed political, economic, and social environment in many parts of the world including the U.S., several European countries, and Latin America - all of which have important implications for business. This book treats global strategy and digital strategy in an integrated manner in one volume. From a strategy perspective, it classifies products into three categories, physical products, digital products, and smart machines (products that are both physical and digital, and connected to the internet) - because the economics and strategy of each kind of products is distinct from that of others. This book includes new models and frameworks such as the PRISM framework of foreign market selection. It relies on the latest research conducted by major consulting firms such as PricewaterhouseCoopers and McKinsey & Company.

This book provides a detailed analysis of how and why firms from economies in transition internationalize and examines the effects of domestic politico-economic factors on this process.Transition economies undergo economic liberalization, which enables market forces to set prices. The economic transition process is usually characterized by significant changes in the role of the state and the creation and promotion of privately owned enterprises, markets and independent financial institutions. With the opening of the domestic economy, and integration into the international economy, domestic firms have an opportunity to explore international markets, which was impossible under previous regimes. This book provides insights into these phenomena and investigates the impact that these changes have had on firm internationalization. This book is an essential resource for academics and students of strategic management, international business and business studies. It also has significant value for practitioners and policy-makers in that it will highlight important factors in a firm's politico-economic environment that either stimulate or impede firm internationalization from emerging markets and will discuss important managerial and policy implications. Contributors: P.D. Aligica, A.R. Anderson, V. Andonova, M. Bahl, P. Berdyshev, M. Brahem, M. Crone, A. Gevorkyan, V. Golikova, M. Gorynia, S. El Harbi, P. Karhunen, R. Kosonen, O. Linchevskaya, D. Makhmadshoev, A.I. Mockaitis, J. Nowak, A. Pobol, D. Pollard, A. Sauka, Y. Shaleva, I. Simberova, M. Slonimska, A. Slonimski, D. Smallbone, V. Tarko, M.T.T. Thai, P. Trapczynski, E. Turkina, A. W sowska, F. Welter, R. Wolniak, E. Zankina, P. Zettinig

A timely, provocative expose of America's political and business leadership's deep ties to China: a network of people who believe they are doing the right thing - at a profound and often hidden cost to American and Western interests. The past few years have seen a shift in the relations between China and the United States, from enthusiastic economic partners, to wary frenemies, to open rivals. Americans have been slow to wake up to the challenges posed by the Chinese Communist Party. Why did this happen? And what can be done about it? In America Second, Isaac Stone Fish traces the evolution of the Chinese Communist Party's influence in America. He shows how America's leaders initially welcomed China's entry into the US economy, believing that trade and engagement would lead to a more democratic China. And he explains how - despite the fact that this belief has proved misguided - many of the country's businesspeople and politicians have become too dependent on China to challenge it. America Second exposes a deep web of Chinese influence in America, built quietly over the years through prominent figures such as former secretaries of state Henry Kissinger and Madeleine Albright, Disney chairman Bob Iger, and members of the Bush political dynasty. And it shows how to fight that influence - without being paranoid, xenophobic, or racist. This is an authoritative and important story, not only of corruption but of misplaced intentions, with serious implications for the future of the United States, as well as for the world at large.

What happens when previously autonomous firms from different countries, each with their own identities, routines, and capabilities, come together inside a single multinational corporation? Can a cooperative strategy be established that advances the development of the multinational as a whole, or do mutual misunderstandings and the unintended consequences of strategic interaction among the players lead instead to endemic conflict and disintegration? This book tackles these novel and important questions through an empirical study of the strategic constitution of an 'actually existing' multinational. It does so by tracing the historical construction of the multinational corporation from the confluence of multiple formerly independent firms and analyzing the interacting web of strategies pursued by different actors within it. The analysis reveals how workers, unionists, subsidiary managers, and corporate executives pursue separate strategic games rooted in their local contexts, whose global outcome contrasts sharply with idealized views of the multinational as an integrated and coordinated organization. By comparing these findings to those of the broader literature, the book proceeds to a theoretical examination of the challenges of managing the multinational, and the difficulties of resolving them through conventional organizational means. The authors propose new procedural solutions aimed at fostering mutual recognition and knowledge exchange within the multinational corporation, and explore how a multinational public may be created to press for the necessary reforms in corporate governance. As the success of such reforms is far from preordained, the book concludes with a series of alternative scenarios that illustrate the many obstacles to a smooth continuation of the globalization process. This is an important and original study of significance for researchers, academics, and advanced students of international business, business strategy, economics, organizational studies, economic sociology, economic geography, and international political economy.

The book focuses more on the study of cruise economy industry chain based on the previous editions and the latest trend of China's cruise economy. It includes the Special Topic: Cruise Economic Reform and Innovation in the New Era, explores Asia cruise economic prosperity index, China's cruise economy whole-industry-chain strategy in the new era, and the development of cruise destinations in the context of the Yangtze River Delta integration. The volume provides a good reference for better promoting the high-quality development of China's cruise market.

This book introduces law in the context of international business. The basics of law are explored using a clear comparative methodology. International and regional economic institutions are discussed, next to the fundaments of private law. These include contract law, liability law, labour law, company law, privacy law, intellectual property law and international private law. The book goes beyond the usual focus on Western legal systems and uses examples from all over the world to provide students with comprehensive knowledge of business law. It is set up rather broadly, so that it can be used by teachers throughout their entire curriculum. Each chapter ends with a clear summary, and practice questions. Due to its colourful cases, this book is accessible and fun to read.

The branding landscape is dominated by the marketers, the promise makers the people who commission the neon lights and the funky adverts. In our consumer society brands have become an obsession. But an often forgotten fact is that the people who make or break brands are the employees, the promise guardians.
Traditionally employee and customer communication has been very similar ("we show them the adverts!"). There's very strong evidence to suggest that staff (who are also educated consumers) are starting to reject PR and spin-style communication within organisations. But still 80% of spending on brands within organisations is on the physical brand trappings with very little attention given to the cultural and behavioural dimensions. It will have to change.
The core hypothesis of this book is that individuals within organisations who are committed to winning the brand war should focus most of their time on ensuring that their people are authentically engaged with the brand. Neglect this area and risk brand disasters of the Barings scale or creeping brand death, a slow poisoning from within. Read Brand Engagement and find out how to make the most of your brand asset. Listen to a podcast at: http: //cmm.thepodcastnetwork.com/2008/03/24/the-cranky-middle-manager-show-137-brand-engagement-with-ian-buckingham/

A Basic Guide to International Business Law aims to give students an understanding as well as practical knowledge of legal problems arising in the area of international business, and to equip them with the skills needed to prevent and tackle these problems. All Chapters employ the same didactic structure. Introductory case studies, examples, annotated case law, glossaries, diagrams, summaries and exercises are all designed to familiarize students quickly with relevant aspects of international (business) law. A Basic Guide to International Business Law deals with the following topics: * Introduction to International Private Law and European Law * Legal aspects of negotiations * International contracts: matters of jurisdiction and the law applicable to these contracts * International contracts of sale * Competion law * Free movement of goods, workers, the freedom of capital and establishment and the freedom to provide services * International payments * Carriage of goods by road and sea * Incoterms * Entry modes (agents, representatives, distributors, licensing, franchising)

India is the largest provider of generic drugs globally. The Indian pharmaceutical sector supplies over 50 per cent of the global demand for various vaccines, and as a result, holds an important position in the global pharmaceutical sector. This book is a comprehensive study of pharmaceutical marketing management in the Indian context and similar growth markets. The book introduces the fast-paced and multi-faceted discipline of pharmaceutical marketing management through an in-depth discussion on the genesis and evolution of its marketing concept. Combining theory and practice, it offers a strategic approach to pharmaceutical marketing from an organisational and business perspective and explicates the practical applications of it. Richly supported by case studies, the book brings together fresh perspectives and approaches equally useful for students and professionals. This book will be of interest to academicians, advanced students, and practitioners of pharmaceutical marketing and pharmaceutical management. It will also be beneficial to those interested in business strategy, decision making, and international marketing.