This textbook explores the reasons for intercultural differences and their effects on the behavior of individuals and organizations within the context of management. The text embraces the presence of ambiguity and complexity and encourages critical thinking when it comes to intercultural relations in order to avoid ethnocentrism, stereotyping and prejudice, as well as overly simplistic solutions. Integrating findings from management, but also the humanities and social sciences, as well as politics and popular culture, intercultural management is understood as a phenomenon that transcends disciplinary boundaries and includes questions around identity constructions, power relations, and ethics. This makes intercultural management a fascinating and rewarding subject to study. Throughout, the author encourages an analytical approach to intercultural management built upon strong methodological foundations, and draws on examples from a wide range of different contexts and cultures to help reflectively translate research and concepts into practice in a way that is lively and engaging. This textbook is essential reading for students taking university courses related to intercultural management. Lecturers can visit the companion website to access a Teaching Guide and PowerPoint slides that can be adapted and edited to suit teaching needs. Dirk Holtbrugge is Professor of International Management at the School of Business, Economics and Society, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany.

This book presents an in-depth understanding of the transformation of modern economy in the twenty-first century by examining the interface and interplay of three key forces of contemporary global economy-Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), and Global Value Chains (GVCs)-and how the emerging nexus of these forces has already ushered in revolutionary transformation in global production, investment, trade, and employment in recent decades. A distinctive feature of the book is that it situates the contemporary GVC revolution-that envisages fragmentation and dispersion of production processes across the world based on competitive costs and quality-as a natural progression of the traditional FDIs-MNEs nexus, which emphasized internationalization of production and trade in search of profits, resources, markets, or cheap labour. Moreover, the book provides a comprehensive analysis, from historical, theoretical and empirical perspectives, of both traditional FDIs-MNEs Nexus that dominated the world economy until the end of the twentieth century, and of the New Nexus of FDIs-MNEs-GVCs, that has opened grand opportunities for global prosperity by providing short-cut paths to industrialization and economic growth for less developed countries. As an exemplar, the book examines GVCs in automobiles-a medium-tech manufacturing activity with numerous backward and forward linkages-to demonstrate how the FDI-MNE-GVC interface in this sector has wedged industrialization, employment, and trade in six emerging countries/regions-Brazil, Central and Eastern Europe, China, India, Mexico and Thailand.

The current restructuring of the world-economy under global capitalism has further integrated international trade and production. It thus has brought to the fore the key role of commodity chains in the relationships of capital, labor, and states. Commodity chains are most simply defined as the link between successive processes of manufacturing that result in a final product available for individual consumption. Each production site in the chain involves organizing the acquisition of necessary raw materials plus semifinished inputs, the recruitment of labor power and its provisioning, arranging transportation to the next site, and the construction of modes of distribution (via markets and transfers) and consumption. The contributors to this volume explore and elaborate the global commodity chains (GCCs) approach, which reformulates the basic conceptual categories for analyzing varied patterns of global organization and change. The GCC framework allows the authors to pose questions about development issues, past and present, that are not easily handled by previous paradigms and to more adequately forge the macro-micro links between processes that are generally assumed to be discretely contained within global, national, and local units of analysis. The paradigm that GCCs embody is a network-centered, historical approach that probes above and below the level of the nation-state to better analyze structure and change in the contemporary world.

The 6th volume of Advances in Chinese Industrial Services, focuses on "The Managerial Process and Impact of Foreign Investment in Greater China"

This book evaluates the contribution of third world multinational enterprises to the competitiveness of their home and host countries in the context of Brazilian and Chilean MNE's. Third world MNE's can be important agents of growth, a fact that until now has been largely ignored in the literature. This book fills the gap in the literature by looking at third world MNE's ability to innovate and examining the potential for their innovations to be diffused to other home country firms and thereby improve their home country's competitiveness.

The valuation of intangible assets has become a central issue in the practice of management. When companies undertake alliances or licensing agreements, effect mergers, sell or purchase brands, or evaluate R&D projects, a key issue is how each party puts a financial value on the intangible contribution. Valuations also have a tax implication, particularly in transnational operations. The contributors, including academics from five nations and expert practitioners from leading accounting and consulting companies, cover intellectual property strategy of global firms, valuation of human capital, and valuation techniques for the transfer or sale of brands, licenses, and other intangible assets.

In addition, the contributors address the special needs of the software and pharmaceutical sectors in separate chapters. This book includes tools, metrics, and models that are of interest to academics as well as global executives. Recommended for valuation experts, scholars, international tax specialists, executives (especially those involved in alliance negotiations, brand equity, mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, and intellectual property management), and officials in such supranational institutions as the EU, OECD, UNCTAD, WTO, IMF, and World Bank.

The traditional dominance of international markets by companies from the US, Western Europe and Japan can no longer be taken for granted. Emerging market economies, from the powerhouse Chinese economy (set to pass the US in national income by 2020) to dynamic players such as Mexico, South Africa and Indonesia, are rapidly changing the competitive landscape. Companies that can successfully enter these emerging markets may reap rewards and benefits from cost reductions and market opportunities. By understanding their positioning in the global continuum of companies and customers - the global value chain - businesses can build their strategies for better competition, more effective resource allocation, cost reduction, and a heightened awareness of the risks and benefits. Packed with in-depth case studies of multinationals from both sides of emerging markets, including: Accenture, Walmart, Google, Nike, Novartis, PetroChina, Embraer, Tata Group and FEMSA; Emerging Markets is essential reading for anyone looking to understand the new competitive landscape and how they can maximise the business opportunities available. Online supporting resources include lecture slides that align with each chapter.

Providing critical insight into the globalization of product conception, production, marketing and distribution, this Handbook comprehensively explores the functioning of global value chains (GVCs) and how they shape the global economy. It provides theoretical, analytical and empirically based policy-relevant tools to understand international production and trade in the modern global economy. Written by a multidisciplinary group of leading scholars, this Handbook offers expert guidance on GVC analysis and the relationship between GVCs and governance, power relations, gender, upgrading and international development. The contributors also provide insight into strategy, innovation and learning, highlighting the dynamism and resilience of GVCs, and critically reflect on how GVCs affect inequality and the nature of work and production. Comprising empirically rich and innovative research, this Handbook will be critical reading for advanced undergraduate and master's level students interested in international business, global industries, sustainable development and the governance of global production systems. Academics researching and teaching in these fields will also benefit from this book's broad and comprehensive approach to GVC analysis.

What policies are feasible today and likely to be effective in developing markets and reforming agricultural trade in the 1990s? Outstanding scholars from several disciplines and from various countries evaluate the major alternative policies and principal scenarios for regional trade and market development in the current global economic and political environment. This text assesses prospects for a marketplace strategy of agricultural development, revealing a considerable range of opinion on the subject. Students, scholars, institutional analysts, and policymakers concerned with international political economics, agricultural policy, international trade, the politics of developing countries, and U.S. foreign policy will find this a practical guide for understanding the critical role of public policy in the organizing of efficient markets. This study points to the potential impacts of policy reforms in the USSR, Eastern Europe, and developing nations; describes current practices in agricultural trade development; offers regional perspectives on agricultural trade and market development; and outlines a broad range of opportunities and initiatives that may arise in the coming years. This useful survey and expert assessment ends with a brief listing of some of the most important and useful materials for understanding the critical issues and opportunities confronting the United States in the next few years in the areas of agricultural trade and market development.

This examination of multinational location strategy focuses on the areas of economics, management and policy. It discusses issues such as regionalism and international trade; location patterns, local content rules and foreign direct investment; and, plant location in Eastern European countries.

Almost every company in the international trade business has agents and/or distributors abroad, and is concerned with the management of these networks. "Multinational Distribution" is a clear, concise, step-by-step manual describing how to acquire distributors and agents, negotiate agreements with them, evaluate their effectiveness, and manage the many legal and technical problems arising from these arrangements. In addition, the author provides guidelines for dealing with legal matters such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and for dealing with political problems between countries. Sample agreements are provided, as well as detailed explanations of different financing and collection arrangements.

International Business (IB) is a complex and interdisciplinary field. It encompasses regular currency and political risks alongside fundamental uncertainties and variations in international development, collaboration, social values, and shared objectives. As globalization expands our markets across national boundaries, institutional innovation and experimentation is essential for countries to brand their products globally and develop internationally acclaimed products. The contributors of International Business Realisms analyze instances of interdisciplinary marketing and branding for the global market place and distill practical implications for effective international and domestic marketing.

This is a challenger book. It systematically modifies the assumptions of the homo economicus and homo sociologicus by constructing a deeper foundation of human and corporate personhood. The new theory of homo psychologicus probes into a long-forgotten common sense: humans are rationally irrational homo psychologicus, as are companies. The homo psychologicus state of people and companies, or the desire of realizing who we are and who we are not, lays the foundation for our decisions on profits and stakeholder relationships. The author, a veteran brand strategy consultant, starts by decoding some of the most popular misconceptions in the field of brand management-Corporate Identity, Brand Valuation, and Positioning Theory. While the concepts are clarified and the functionality of brand management is redefined, the book further dissects that a key differentiation between businesses with lasting success and others is a thoughtful homo psychologicus mindset. The methodology of developing thoughtful businesses will empower companies to make more visionary decisions for themselves and the economic ecosystem that we all rely upon. More thoughtful businesses could potentially create more thoughtful economies through their collective efforts.

This authoritative title presents seminal papers from leading academics on the evolving field of globalization and its effects on corporations and enterprises. Professor Buckley has selected key works which define the global factory and cover important research areas including the antecedents of the global factory, the effect of globalization on international networks, offshoring and outsourcing as well as formal theoretical models. This indispensable book will be of immense value to students, scholars and practitioners interested in this topical and relevant field.

Presenting an unrivalled perspective into the inner-workings of Chinese corporations and their expansion plans for international markets, this book combines executive interviews and first-hand accounts providing the sorely needed context to the rise of Chinese companies in home and overseas markets and how the West can successfully compete.

"In 2012, U.S. and European firms accounted for the highest share of revenue generated by the top international architecture and engineering firms in Africa, at 27 and 31 percent, respectively," according to a U.S. International Trade Commission trade brief. These findings show that the growth of company revenues in an overseas market does not just have to depend on the sale of manufactured products or agricultural commodities. Opportunities also exist for service providers. International Trade in Services: Effective Practice and Policy addresses a reality that receives minimal attention in the current debate about international trade-how the export and import of services drive a significant portion of international trade. The United States has a US$269 billion surplus in trade in services with the world. On other hand, U.S. trade in goods with the world continues to experience a wide trade deficit of US$946 billion. Nevertheless, U.S. policy response focuses mainly on the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. In addition, as an international trade educator in business schools at different universities, many of the textbooks emphasize the various aspects of importing and exporting goods. Workshops aimed to educate and inform the business community also focus on the trade in goods. Consequently, business students and practitioners miss another important component of international trade that presents opportunities-trade in services. The book provides a simple, yet thorough, introduction on how to export a service to an overseas market. The book will guide its audience with a step-by-step process on exporting a service from research to strategy to implementation. Furthermore, the book will highlight the opportunities presented by the international-level General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and bilateral and regional-level reciprocal trade agreements. Service providers will be able to use the book as a guide to start the export process successfully with the first step. Essentially, the book will provide results in the following areas: Time saving-The step-by-step process, which highlights various programs, and the list of key resources will save future exporters of a service the time that they would spend trying to just understand another market. Frustration reduction-The book's outline of the formal mechanisms available to service exporters will save them from the frustration that may arise from encountering trade practices, some of which can also be very costly, in different markets that make it difficult to compete against local service providers. Money saving-Having substantive knowledge of formal mechanisms and key resources that help to reduce the risks associated with exporting to another market, such as not receiving payment, will help the services-based exporter to use its financial resources more efficiently while reducing its risk of nonpayment.

This tenth volume in the series discusses a variety of topics in the field of advances in international competitive management. The book examines both studies in the Asian context and studies in the cross-national context.

This book brings together valuable insights about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business environment from an Asian perspective. While some businesses in Asia have been swift to embrace the new normal, others have found the disruption to the traditional way of doing business challenging. Businesses are striving to respond, adapt, and thrive under the shadow of the unprecedented upheaval to the business environment that has forced them to rethink their strategies, processes, and operating models. There seems to be a consensus among business scholars and stakeholders that the continuous embrace of change and transformation of business models will assist businesses to sustain a long-term competitive advantage. The chapters in this book explore shifts in business innovation and strategies linked to the "new normal" of doing business during the pandemic, bringing to light issues, challenges, and opportunities that firms can expect to face in their need to ensure sustainability post-pandemic and beyond.

This book explores the regional strategy and management of Japanese MNEs in Europe. Ken-ichi Ando investigates, using case studies of the auto and pharmaceutical industries, how these companies can, and do, overcome the inherent difficulties and opportunities of trading in Europe, including the problems posed by cultural differences and geography, alongside the opportunities of expanding markets. While these companies are global players, they must increasingly be aware of, and evolve in response to, European economic integration. The strategy setting and management are influenced by company- and industry-specific factors, and some common features can be found. The locational and entry strategies are based both on the multinationals' own resources and capability, and on the changing locational conditions, while pan-European management is conducted to achieve the benefits of 'multinationality' at the regional level. The mutual relationships between the location of subsidiaries, the entry mode, and the pan-European operation are clearly shown from the detailed analysis at the company level. The impacts and limits of the EU on multinationals are also confirmed in the book, and the importance of national characteristics is suggested. Scholars and graduate students studying international business and economics, as well as European integration will find this book of great interest.

This text presents for the first time the history of international business, using both a case and contextual approach. Case studies from around the world are analyzed in both their internal and external contexts. Divided into five geographical sections--Europe, North America, Central America/South America/the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia/the Western Pacific--the text features case studies of particular businesses of various periods, as well as essays on international business and economic integration in the particular regions. Introductions to each section define main themes and relate the case studies to those themes; commentaries introduce each case study and summarize key issues.

This pioneering text is suitable for upper-division courses in international business history. It can also serve as a supplementary text in courses in international economic history, international economic relations, economic development, and comparative management

Through a series of case studies and surveys, the authors examine current sustainability trends in outsourcing and recommend how providers should prepare for increasing buyer demands in this area, suggesting buyers and providers can work together to build successful outsourcing relationships through collaborative sustainability projects.

The financial crisis that began in 2008 and its lingering aftermath have caused many intellectuals and politicians to question the virtues of capitalist systems. The 19 original essays in this Handbook, written by leading scholars from Asia, North America, and Europe, analyze both the strengths and weaknesses of capitalist systems. The volume opens with essays on the historical and legal origins of capitalism. These are followed by chapters describing the nature, institutions, and advantages of capitalism: entrepreneurship, innovation, property rights, contracts, capital markets, and the modern corporation. The next set of chapters discusses the problems that can arise in capitalist systems including monopoly, principal agent problems, financial bubbles, excessive managerial compensation, and empire building through wealth-destroying mergers. Two subsequent essays examine in detail the properties of the "Asian model" of capitalism as exemplified by Japan and South Korea, and capitalist systems where ownership and control are largely separated as in the United States and United Kingdom. The handbook concludes with an essay on capitalism in the 21st century by Nobel Prize winner Edmund Phelps.

This book discusses the aspects of global competition in terms of the strategies that could be applied to improve the competitive position of businesses and consolidate gains particularly in the Thai market. The book is composed of 10 chapters focusing on topics related to business strategy, such as competition, marketing, innovation, utilizing information, technology, human resources, strategic alliances, customer service, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of strategies, and corporate social responsibility. This book will serve as a useful guide for those already in business in Thailand as well as for businesses that hope to expand their existing operations in Thailand to the global market.