As global and regional integration move forward, firms must be innovative and sustainable when setting up operations in new countries and markets. The AIB-LAT book series presents research findings and theoretical developments in international business, with special emphasis on studies focusing on internationalization, innovation and sustainability in Latin America - three increasingly interconnected and important issues for firms around the world. Latin America continues to gather business and academic attention as the region plays a growing role in the global economy. The chapters of this volume will further readers' understanding of how business enterprises from and in Latin America strive to create and implement sustainable and innovative solutions while developing their international operations by presenting research findings from top scholars working in the region.

Global companies are facing a new, pressure to develop leaders with global mindsets. The war for managerial talent has never been so intense. Companies and business schools need not only to fine tune practices and models, but redesign current paradigms and create more effective and sustainable ways to invest in leadership development.

The world of business has always been considered quick and unforgiving, but it is certainly getting even quicker and less forgiving as we enter the new "millennium." New problems have given rise to new approaches while some, but not all, old problems yield new solutions. The theme of this volume "Strategies and organizations in Transition" reflects a world in which variety, change, and unique perspectives are interwoven into the fabric of 21st-century business. The volume articles presented here represent a combination of empirical business research and practical business insight covering a wide range of current and future business issues, with specific emphasis upon the changing dynamics. Articles of particular interest such as Neil Kay's examination of cooperative strategies from a transaction cost theoretical basis, Srinivasan and Brush's examination of modern vertical relationships, and Ryman and Fryxell's analysis of the impact of technology on the health care system are all likely to have implications well beyond the pages of this volume. Equally, "Strategies and Organizations in Transition" also contains Bennett and Stamper's groundbreaking exploration of the complex area of discretionary workplace behaviour and Curt Stiles' exploration of product diversity and specialization in industry. With a more academic focus, Dean and Bamford provide a conceptual examination and interpretation of various economic disequilibrium theories of classical economists as a foundation for extending entrepreneurial research, while Ling, Lubatkin and Schulze explore the relationship between altruism and the governance of family firms. The volume also attempts to further extend the realm of traditional business concerns by its inclusion of two papers that underscore how traditional business and Government constraints impact those wishing to engage in space related entrepreneurial activity.

Seamlessly blending academic rigour and practicality, this textbook provides an introduction to global business strategy. Assuming a born global perspective, Global Strategic Management is supported by ample pedagogical features, including numerous case studies and examples featuring both established multinationals and unknown SMEs from across the globe. The book takes an applied approach to global business strategy, emphasising functional parts of international business (managing marketing, operations, HR and finance). The text has been widely updated to incorporate the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic, such as work from anywhere and deglobalization. New to this fifth edition is increased material on sustainability and corporate social responsibility, including discussion of climate change, NGOs and sustainable development goals. Subjects such as the impact of technology, cryptocurrency and global strategy in the digital space are discussed in more detail, while the conflict in Ukraine is also considered.

For the first time, here is the complete history of the International Finance Corporation (IFC). In the fifty years since the end of World War II, the world of development finance has grown rapidly. One of the many financial institutions which cropped up to help war-torn countries with their reconstruction was the IFC. International Business Expansion Into Less-Developed Countries examines the success of the IFC in its wide variety of public sector development activities. Covering thirty-five years of IFC operations, the book thoroughly evaluates the formulation of the concept of the IFC and its evolution as a viable global development finance agency. It is the most complete and up-to-date treatment available of the IFC.The administration and operational procedures are described in detail as are case examples of financial development in all regions. Problems encountered by the IFC and new and future activities of the IFC are discussed. Scholars of economic development and international financewill find the unusual way in which the IFC was established and the case examples presented a highly valuable reference, as will students of international studies and organizations.

As the international economy globalises, there is a need for national infrastructure systems to adapt to form a global infrastructure system. This network of networks aids mobility between national systems as a means of supporting their territorial needs and preferences. This reflects a strategic approach to state infrastructuring as nations seek to utilise these physical systems to support and enhance their territoriality. Providing a thorough examination through the lens of economic infrastructure, the book addresses the forces of integration and fragmentation in global networks. This book explores the trend towards the development of regional infrastructure systems within the context of territorial strategy. Regional systems emerge out of states seeking to position themselves within the international system. Colin Turner identifies the diverse processes that are driving regional infrastructures, as well as examining the formal and informal patterns of integration that are shaping developments. This book is ideal for international political economy and regional development scholars who seek an advanced understanding of current regional infrastructure systems. It will also serve as a vital tool for practitioners who need to understand the implications for policy-making.

Supervisors, project managers and CEOs should find this book useful as it deals with an emerging global reality - culturally diverse people of both genders in the workplace. The new workplace environment demands that employees be selected, evaluated and promoted on the basis of performance competency, regardless of sex, race, religion or place of origin. Focusing on workplace diversity instead of concepts of "majority" and "minority" allows managers to offer all personnel equal opportunities. Affirmative action is now aimed at developing human potential Diversity is becoming a worldwide phenomenon. Written from the North American viewpoint, this book examines the key concepts that drive American plants and offices today which are likely to be realities overseas tomorrow, and the concepts espoused in this book can be applied universally The book fills a gap in management education and development. It is a practical manual designed to teach and encourage managers to lead and strengthen the human resources of an organization.

In its Fourth Edition, this textbook explores how economic activity is organised from a new institutional economics perspective. Using transactions costs as a continuing theme, the book delivers the necessary skills to understand the evolution of organisational forms and the strengths and weaknesses of different varieties of private and public governance. The importance of entrepreneurship is emphasised throughout. Public policy concerning competition, regulation and the public utilities is used to illustrate the involvement of subjective judgements about transactions costs in all types of organisational choice. Key features of the Fourth Edition: ? Using impartial analysis, Martin Ricketts evaluates business enterprise through Neoclassical, Austrian and Evolutionary economics, allowing students to learn the strengths and weaknesses of each methodological perspective? Using a clear conceptual framework, the author explains principal-agent theory and the transaction cost paradigm in detail? The chapters are designed around a set of classic papers, giving students an understanding of the historical development of the discipline? Updated examples emphasise the applicability to different technological circumstances and the dynamic nature of studying economic organisation? Additional examples are included for teachers to further discussion or create extended seminar work. A key resource for advanced undergraduate courses or an excellent introductory text at graduate level, this Fourth Edition will provide students of economics, business and political economy with a greater awareness of how business enterprises operate and adapt in response to technological change and competition.

Leadership in Post-Colonial Africa examines the leadership concepts and lessons that emerged during and after the attainment of independence with insightful studies of Africa's first female presidents, gangster elitism, Nelson Mandela, and beyond.

Essential reading for students studying International Business at Undergraduate and Postgraduate level, this text is based on the US book 'International Business' 7 th Edition by Michael R. Czinkota, Ilkka A. Ronkainen, and Michael H. Moffett. Presenting an up-to-date and complete exploration of international business issues and practice, the text is built upon a strong foundation of theory and includes current examples, cases and insights showing how global businesses apply these concepts. The text examines the role and impact of culture and also includes numerous current world maps, helping learners develop and refine a global perspective. Building on the strengths of the original work, the new text covers topics that are included in European International Business courses, eg, The Nature of International Business, Economic Integration, International Financial Markets and Emerging Issues in International Business. The new text will provide a more critical approach and will be condensed into 15 chapters.

This book aims to review the postwar interactions of Japan with Asia. The Japanese factory production system, kaizen, has been shared in Asia. This book collects more diverse topics from Japan's interactions with China, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Hong Kong. Each chapter provides details on how the business, political, and cultural interactions enrich both sides. The findings are then used to suggest the possibility of a de-facto Asian Community and Japan's role in the present and post-COVID-19 world.

Paradigms are shifting. The capitalist market model, or "extended order," whose globalization forces support the business methods of multinational corporations, is giving way to the "Global Village" model--one of justice, virtue, stability, and national sovereignty. Sullivan contends that by creating conditions for opposition, globalization may be dooming itself. Here he explains the shifting paradigm and considers its likely impact on corporate conduct.

Companies ignoring the growing chorus of discontent with globalization do so at their peril. But those who adapt to new realities will not merely survive--they will prosper. This book details the adaptations that corporations need to implement to safeguard their roles in the future:

Corporate governance bodies will increasingly include NGO representatives and employees.

Justice, stability, virtue, and national cultural identity will become corporate goals, alongside the profit motive.

Customer relationships will become enriched by mutual obligations and trust.

Risky global corporate strategies will have less appeal than more stable avenues of action.

Employee relations will increasingly take into account workers' growing desire for meaningful labor whose rewards entail more than financial remuneration.

Managers will become more like public servants and less like independent agents.

The persistence of these trends--accelerated by the growing power of the Internet to bring far-flung activists together in pursuit of common goals--threatens the existing order as never before.

"Defense Acquisition Management" is a "reader," that is, it is a collection of articles on various aspects of Defense Acquisition Management. It was prepared by the faculty of the International Defense Acquisition Resource Management (IDARM) program, a division of the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School's School of International Graduate Studies. It is the initiative of Dr. Elisabeth Wright, the IDARM Program Manager. The name for the IDARM program was not chosen without careful thought. The program is intended for an international audience, and therefore focuses on the practices of the U.S. system only where it employs or embodies a "best practice" that can have universal application.

Acquisition resource management describes the program's integrated approach to defense program management, defense contracting, and defense logistics management. The chapters in this book encompass the core components of the IDARM Program curriculum: acquisition management, which includes systems engineering and, within it, requirements determination and logistical planning; the negotiation of contracts and agreements, as well as the settlement of disputes; and procurement and contracting processes. It also includes two chapters on specialized subjects in defense acquisition: research and development, and U.S. weapons sales to foreign governments.

The country of origin of goods and services can have positive or negative effect on customers' intentions to purchase. This book analyzes the impact of this effect on the international development of Italian companies in emerging markets. The chapters refer to a wide range of issues, including made-in effects in relation to ethnocentrism and to corporate social responsibility in small and medium-sized enterprises; the interactions and synergistic effects between product-related made-in images and the images of places as tourism destinations; distribution channel issues; 'made-in topics' in relation to emerging markets; and a review of the relevant literature on country of origin effects. The contributors propose strategies and tools that companies might leverage to develop their international marketing and suggest policies that might strengthen these efforts. This original work will prove to be a valuable resource for students and researchers of international marketing and strategy as well as policy makers. Contributors: B. Balboni, L. Battaglia, G. Bertoli, G. Bortoluzzi, T. Bursi, E. Cedrola, A. De Chiara, P. de Luca, A. De Nisco, B. Francioni, S. Grappi, G. Mainolfi, V. Marino, E. Martinelli, M. Matarazzo, F. Musso, M.R. Napolitano, A. Pagano, T. Pucci, R. Resciniti, C. Simoni, D. Vianelli, M. Vignola, L. Zanni

This book shifts the debate on knowledge transfers within multinational corporations (MNCs) back to its core: How can we increase the effectiveness of cross-border transfers of knowledge? Several perspectives on international knowledge flows, from control issues to cultural barriers, are integrated into a comprehensive framework. Based on a sample of leading MNCs, empirical results show which managerial mechanisms have to be implemented to increase the benefit from knowledge transfers in headquarters and subsidiaries.

'Written in a clear and straightforward style, and well grounded in succinct and pertinent analysis...It will prove a boon to students and practitioners alike as moves proceed towards European integration.' - British Book News;This volume identifies and analyses the extent to which the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are likely to attract inward foreign direct investment (FDI) to the turn of the century. Although these countries have been growing recipients of FDI, Western multinationals remain cautious and are slow to commit large investment sums. The book covers the contextual and thematic aspects of FDI as well as empirical country studies (including the Commonwealth of Independent States, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia) which address the legal environment for FDI, its magnitude and motives and industrial breakdown. The final section discusses the potential for closer economic and political integration in Europe.

The book provides an analytic framework for grand strategy and applies the framework to illuminate the grand strategies of the Great Powers of the twenty-first century: India, China, Russia, and the United States. The book also uses Coca-Cola as a case study to illustrate the potential influence of grand strategy on business strategy. The analysis is rigorous, logical, fact-based, historically rooted, and well-sourced with abundant endnotes to encourage further exploration by readers.

Vodafone is one of the most successful global companies of the last 20 years, growing from holder of one of the first two mobile communications licences in the UK, to being a dominant global brand. Whilst its leadership, mergers and acquisitions, and marketing all are well documented, much less is known about how Vodafone really benefited from such endeavours, and how it managed the transformational organizational journey from national to truly global. In this fascinating insight the author provides a unique experiential view into the hidden globalization of Vodafone, in which was created a social network that was engaged in the acquisition and deployment of a global network of mobile technology that now serves a proportionate mobile customer base of 198.6 million (at 31 December 2006). This new book examines how Vodafone has led the industry to a global stage, sharing data and knowledge, negotiating commercial terms and operational excellence, all for significant global aggregation cost synergy advantage. The reader will learn about how the intra-organizational teams were formed within Vodafone and further cooperated within an informal virtual global interorganizational network organization; an invisible structure that gave Vodafone a unique economic advantage. If your global organization is considering undertaking similar transitions, then this book will prove invaluable.

This book begins with an overview of the residential and commercial real estate market; investment and rental market, housing policies, risks and returns and continues with a study of current real estate investors, and the indirect investments in real estate through listed companies. Finally, there is an analysis of the financial real estate market, for the consumer and the developer, and the new products which have been developed for them.

Despite the fact that the African tourism industry is prone to disturbances such as diseases, extreme weather events, civil unrest, wars, and other shocks, nothing could have prepared this destination for the devastating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the absence of government or international agency budget support, the pandemic challenged the African tourism market to its core. The focus of this book is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the African tourism destination market as well as its prospects for recovery. A chapter written by the editorial team introduces the book. Following the introduction, the book offers chapters evaluating the pandemic's impact on African tourism. Chapters in the second part of the book discuss tourism recovery and how some destinations have survived the pandemic. The book concludes with a chapter providing policy recommendations and practical implementation advice. The book is part of a 3 volume series.

Keith Grint argues that the successes and failures of D-Day, on both sides, cannot be explained by comparing the competing strategies of each side. Instead he provides an account of the battle through the overarching nature of the relationship between the leaders and their followers.

This volume in the Academy of International Business Latin America Chapter (AIB-LAT) series presents research findings and theoretical developments in international business, with special emphasis on innovation, geography and internationalization in Latin America. Contributions are based on the best papers from the fourth annual AIB-LAT conference.

As challenges to the era of globalisation emerge, international business grows in importance and complexity as a field of study. This shortform textbook introduces learners to the frameworks within which international business occurs and to the range of actions that companies might undertake in these environments. Owing to an emphasis on cross-border interactions, international business is a politicised field, and this book provides readers with the tools to deepen their understanding not only of the actions that companies might take but also of the economic, societal, cultural and political frameworks affecting how decisions are made. With a refreshing realism in its approach, this book will be perfect brief reading for students required to understand the obstacles that global business practitioners must overcome to succeed.

This book deep dives into emerging consumer trends in the food and beverage industry in Italy, particularly in light of the COVID-19 crisis, and explores how firms have evolved to meet consumer needs and succeed in this challenging context. Through a series of case studies, the authors explore the food and beverage industry's defining characteristics and how each particular sector has become so important to the Italian economy. Drawing on cases that feature small, medium and large enterprises, the authors reveal how firms have adapted their business strategies to meet new customer demands and market trends, highlighting the winning characteristics of the ever-evolving 'Made in Italy' brand, concluding with a recommended strategy of best practices for future implementation. Providing examples that can be studied, applied and analyzed by researchers, students, and practitioners, this unique book offers a detailed understanding of the different innovations and adaptations that companies in the food and beverage sector have put in place in response to ever evolving markets and trends, and how innovation becomes the key to success.

measure of the rate of innovation --research-and-development (R&D) expenditure per employee compared to new patents received per employee -- does not adequately capture a unique feature of SMEs, namely that owners and managers are often themselves innovators. For example, in Japan 52 per cent of SMEs' innovations reported in 1986 were created by employers, whereas in large firms 72 per cent of innovations were created by research technicians. Nevertheless, patchy evidence from Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States indicates that SMEs at least hold their own in terms of innovation compared to large firms. Perhaps most significantly, a recent study indicates that, while the total number of innovations is positively related to R&D expenditures, skilled labour and the degree to which large firms comprise the industry, in innovative industries innovative activity tends to emanate more from SMEs than large firms. This is probably because in industries where large firms dominate, SMEs need to be innovative to survive. There is much information to suggest that in technologies such as micro-electronics, new materials and biotechnology SMEs tend to be in the vanguard of innovation. Small and medium-sized enterprises as exporters. The contribution of SMEs to a national economy from exporting is generally small; for example, in Japan SMEs accounted for only 13 per cent of merchandise exports in 1990.