This book explores four key issues in the world economy: the changing context of international business, the continuing pace of economic integration, international joint ventures and knowledge management. More specifically the book explores how each of the issues affects the strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The book takes into account the moral basis of global capitalism, made all the more important after the events of September 11th, 2001.

This innovative new text brings together the disciplines of economics and social anthropology to provide a refreshing and unique perspective on international business. The bridge building nature of transaction cost economics is utilised to provide coherence for a dialogue of ideas, concepts and methods of analysis. The unique approach spanning both theory and practice, provides new insights into some of the central issues in international business including international joint venture strategy, the internationalization process and organizing for innovation in multinational companies.

Leadership has never been more important to the cultural industries. The arts, together with museums and heritage sites, play a vital part in keeping economies going, and, more importantly, in making life worth living. People in the sector face a constant challenge to find support for their organizations and to promote the value of culture. Leadership and management skills are needed to meet the mission of creative arts and cultural organizations, and to generate the income that underpins success. The problem is, where can you learn these essential skills? The Cultural Leadership Handbook written by Robert Hewison and John Holden, both prime movers in pioneering cultural leadership programmes, defines the specific challenges in the cultural sector and enables arts leaders to move from 'just' administration to becoming cultural entrepreneurs, turning good ideas into good business. This book is intended for anyone with a professional or academic interest anywhere in the cultural sector, anywhere in the world. It will give you the edge, enabling to you to show creative leadership at any level in a cultural organization, regardless of whether your particular interest is the performing arts, museums and art galleries, heritage, publishing, films, broadcasting or new media.

Written by a renowned international business scholar with particular expertise in Latin America Provides a broad, academic treatment of the region emphasizing both macro and micro level issues Demonstrates that the countries that make up Latin America have unique cultures and political economies, and discusses how these differences impact on business strategies for the region Second edition has been substantially revised and updated to include emerging political themes that impact upon business practices, along with fresh cases and examples Includes chapters not usually covered in other books, such as entrepreneurship, leadership, HRM, sustainability, income inequality, social responsibility, and transparency

The extent to which organisational performance is related to the Human Resource policies and practices adopted has been a question debated by both academics and practitioners for the past two decades. This book takes the debate into the international field by drawing upon the well respected Cranet data set, which provides longitudinal and comparative data drawn from 40 countries across the world. International Human Resource Management highlights the dominant institutional factors embedded in the societal contexts of different cultures which impact on corporate HR policies and practices, and illustrates how these variables influence Human Resource Management and performance. It examines how the HR function can impact upon HR policies and influence organisational performance. It also discusses the role of the HR department; specifically, how the distribution of responsibilities between HR managers and line managers moderates the relationship between HR strategic integration and organizational performance. Finally, it investigates the impact of societal factors on the strategic integration of female HR directors. These contributions show the complexity of the relationship between HRM and organisational performance, and modify the current prevailing models of this relationship, where scant attention has been paid to institutional forces and the cultural, economic and social contexts in which organisations are located.

This book was originally published as a special issue of The International Journal of Human Resource Management.

Sir Alan Walters ex-chief economic advisor to PM Margaret Thatcher Whether it succeeds or fails, Europe is everyone's concern. The idea of a united Europe has been entertained, even partially at least, achieved, inter alia, CharlemagI e, Napoleon, Hitler, and in our da)' by Spaak, Monet and Chancellor Kohl: the first three by military conquest, the last three by "negotiation" and the creation of integrating institutional arrangements. The motives varied from the twisted paranoia of the Nazis to the idealism of SpaaklMonet/Kohl in avoiding conflicts and wars. Under the protection of NATO the European Coal and Steel Community soon was transformed into the EEC by the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The massive reduction of trade barriers, particularly between France and Germany, was rewarded by vigorous growth over the next 15 years. Even as late as 1972, when Britain acceeded to the Treaty of Rome, the EEC was thought to be lar ely a customs union: in de Gaulle eyes the EEC was simply a collection of sovereISJ: l states who cooperated primarily on trade. Each state however enjoyed a veto; deCIsions had to be unanimous.

Irwin asserts that the federal government, in the name of preserving national security, has imposed such additional regulation on American businesses that their competitive position in global markets has been severely compromised. In his well-written, cogently argued account of the impact of national security regulations on competitive freedom, Irwin demonstrates that federal government agencies--the Departments of State, Commerce, and Defense; the National Technical Information Services; the Federal Communications Commission; and others--all attempt to micromanage the firM's decision to sell, buy, invest, innovate, and compete internationally. In addition, Irwin shows, jurisdictional disputes among the various federal agencies for control over corporate economic activities further exacerbate the problem by hampering the corporation's ability to react quickly to market conditions. As his analysis clearly illustrates, the end result is a price/cost squeeze on U.S. firms that handicaps their ability to compete with overseas rivals.

Some of the results of increased government oversight Irwin identifies directly threaten overall U.S. competitiveness abroad. U.S. corporations find that the compliance cost of regulation is privatized, thus lifting total costs. The combination of dampened revenues and inflated costs curtails the resources for future product development--a vital factor in maintaining market position. And, Irwin demonstrates, this federal policy which acts to reward offshore rivals at the expense of U.S. firms is grounded on political consensus: the political right favors export control while the political left supports import control. The effect of this dual policy emphasis, Irwin argues, is a national security policy that serves to punish the U.S. firm in an environment of increased global risk, competition, and rivalry. Students of international business and public policy, as well as government decision makers themselves, will find Irwin's study enlightening and provocative.

This is a study of Chinese expatriates who are working for American clients that seek joint ventures and other business relationships with mainland Chinese business and governmental organizations. The main focus of the study is how these Chinese middlemen and women work to create harmonious business relationships between members of the two very different cultures. The data and the interpretations will be of keen interest to any American business seeking to conduct joint ventures and other forms of commerce in China. The research will also be of interest to any Chinese organization seeking to work more effectively with Americans.

Dr. Lam explains the problems of U.S. and Chinese negotiators--as perceived by Chinese expatriate middlemen--thus bringing a new depth of understanding. The study shows how Chinese expatriates, acting as middlemen, attempt to establish trust and bridge the cultural differences between U.S. and Chinese negotiators in the pre-negotiation stage as preparation for formal negotiations of joint ventures and cooperative projects. Different types of Chinese expatriates are highlighted and this classification illustrates how each type will act in negotiations and what might hinder them from doing what American clients want or need. A representative of each type is described in detail at the end of each chapter. Finally, Dr. Lam provides training strategies to Chinese expatriates and American negotiators.

Mini-set C:Philosophy & Religion re-issues 4 volumes originally published between 1924 and 1973 and examines the ancient religions of Persia as well as Christianity in Persia. For institutional purchases for e-book sets please contact [email protected] (customers in the UK, Europe and Rest of World)

Do clusters matter to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship regional outcomes? Why (or why not)? These questions, anchored in the current gap between the interest in clusters and entrepreneurship and the little research on their joint impact on regional development, are the lei motiv of this book. In effect, near 400 million people are starting or running new businesses, half of them in developing countries. Also, hundreds of cluster initiatives have been launched in all the regions of the world arguing that, among other benefits, they promote entrepreneurship and employment growth. Yet, both academics and policymakers know little about the joint impact of entrepreneurship and clusters on regional development. The reason is the wide diversity of theoretical and policy approaches to define and measure clusters and entrepreneurship, and to evaluate their effect on regional development.
"Entrepreneurship and Regional Development" aims at answering the questions and filling the relevance-rigor gap that motivates this book by reviewing the latest studies, elaborating and testing a socio-economic theory of clusters, and providing implications for academics and policymakers.

With much of the "Asian Miracle" destroyed and much of the Western world's awe for Asian ways of management dissipated, organizations there are changing with such speed that most of our knowledge about them is quickly outdated. Richter takes stock of East Asian management practices, as they are perceived so far, and he discusses the strategies that others propose to help Asian management redesign itself for the future--including a long-term agenda for change based on the cultural heritage of Confucianism. He analyzes the cultural underpinnings of Asian management practices, evaluates the influence of the Asian economic crisis on them, and discusses their potential for guiding Asian firms to a sustainable competitive advantage. He then provides examples of how Asian firms shape up their organizations and describes a short-term agenda to fix the weaknesses in Asian management, at least temporarily. Throughout, Richter avoids talk about "strategic management" as merely a theory: he adopts a broader definition that includes a value system to guide East Asian firms as they re-emerge and redevelop. The result is a challenging, intensely pragmatic analysis for decision-makers at all levels, in all countries and cultures, and it is a new stone in the foundation of academic research and thought. Richter opens with a discussion of the legacy of Confucianism and its impact on Asian management practices. He then proposes three intrinsic characteristics of Asian management: networks, trust, and collectivism. He gives a history of the Asian economic crisis, highlighting the failures of Asia's economic development and the flaws that appeared in its management practices. The third section of the bookevaluates management practices that have emerged since then, and how they are perceived so far. Then, in the concluding section, he presents a new perspective on Asian management, short-term goals (fixing current management weaknesses), and long-term goals (incorporating its long abiding strengths). Throughout, Richter draws on the management theory enunciated by Hofstede and includes examples and case studies of recent developments across the region, and he also includes his own theories as well as those of others. Mr. Richter's book will be a welcome addition to the literature on business and the culture of Asia.

This book provides an examination of the evolution of East Asian regionalism after the late 1990s, analyzing the moves towards free trade agreements and regional cooperation in various fields. It includes intensive analysis of recent developments in regional integration and cooperation in East Asia in various fields. It is a valuable study, focusing on China's growing economic rise and its political and economic influences in East Asia. It includes research concerning business actors' commitments to regional cooperation in both South East Asia and North East Asia. This book analyzes moves towards free trade agreements, cooperation in information technology, energy and environment, and agriculture, by highlighting preferences and actions of governmental and business actors.

In recent decades, there have been significant changes in the way corporate innovation activities are performed. They include changes in the innovation process, flexibility to outsource certain innovation activities, and by far, the most important one, wider choice in the location of innovation. What caught the most attention of is the trend towards globalization of research and development (R&D) and thereby performance of innovation activities away from the home countries. The main concerns relate to the two new trends: First, the multinational corporations (MNCs) locating strategic innovation activities in some countries outside the industrialized world, which can be referred to as 'emerging economies'; and Second, since 2000, some companies from the emerging economies have started entering the global markets with innovative products and services, developed through their own R&D. Both these new developments have managerial implications for companies and policy implications for the host countries (where such R&D is performed), as well as for the home countries of the companies. Further, innovative products and services resulting from R&D activities in emerging economies seem to better address the needs of consumers at the bottom-of-the-pyramid in other developing countries. This book explores and analyzes these issues. This research presented in Global Innovation in Emerging Economies is applicable to both the industrialized and developing worlds, although from different perspectives - the former would like to prevent relocation of R&D from their countries, and the latter want more of R&D-related investments.

With interest in the global environment and the management of ?talent? increasing, understanding the issue of global careers is crucial for students and managers alike.

This exciting book captures broad research extending to a large set of diverse motivations, experiences, and outcomes of international work in global ?for profit? and ?not for profit? organizations and delivers nuanced insights into the management of international employees for firms and governmental/non-governmental organizations.

This text covers global career issues in-depth, working at the intersection of career and international human resource management and using a number of perspectives, such as organizational or individual ones. Chapters include:

• theories, frameworks and concepts
• supporting research/data where relevant
• managerial implications, summaries, learning points, figures and tables.

Illustrated with up to the minute case studies from companies such as Pepsi, Imperial Tobacco, Cadbury Schweppes, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Philips, HSBC, Misys, Philip Morris International and Masterfoods, Global Careers is essential reading for all those studying or concerned with career management, human resource management and international business.

"Rules of origin have emerged as one of the most controversial issues in any trade negotiations. This book analyzes the economics of rules of origin in regional trade agreements. It critically evaluates the empirical aspects, providing fresh perspectives on complex policy-negotiations and rules of origin implementation"--

This volume concentrates on the effect of Japanese trade competition on the UK and Europe, it also provides an illuminating picture of political, social and military conditions in Japan in the early twentieth century.

President Nixon's new economic policy of August 1971, aggravated by the oil problem since October 1973 caused chaos and uncertainty in the international trade and currency system. There were fears of another 1930s style depression. In addition, a world food shortage and strident claims by developing countries for perpetual sovereignty over resources added another set of difficulties. This volume, written from Japan's standpoint, suggests a new direction for the world and regional economic order. The book tackles two major issues in international economics: Firstly, traditional international trade theory aims only at static maximization in the use of world human and material resources, but, the author stresses more attention should be paid to such dynamic or developmental elements as population growth, immigration, natural resource development, improvement in transfer of technology, economies of scale, direct foreign investment and economic integration in order to create development centres or sectors in the world economy. Secondly, the author discusses how to combine a global and regional approach to economic integration.

"Chinese Big Business and the Wealth of Asian Nations" examines the crucial contribution of Chinese business groups to the rapid growth of South-East Asia. This study examines major Chinese firms and their increasingly important networks in this era of regional interdependence and internationalization of production processes. It draws upon unprecedented empirical detail relating to Chinese firms, their growth patterns, joint ventures with foreign capital, and responses to technological change and competition and contributes to debates on economic networks, the economics of trus, and relations between business and the state in the global economy.

Managers in developing countries, whether operating in the private or public sectors, are constantly aware of the problems of underdevelopment. Effective management of international business activities in developing countries can improve the competitiveness and development prospects of these countries and, in turn, the companies operating within them. But to do so, managers need a developing country perspective on international trade agreements, international finance, foreign exchange, and national financial management. These topics, as well as practical chapters on the management of export production, financing exports, government export programs, and international investment make this very valuable reading for executives and those interested in international business.

Business takes place in an increasingly global environment, crossing political and cultural boundaries that challenge corporate values. The central focus of this successful and innovative text lies in how to make and explain 'best choice' judgments when confronting ethical dilemmas in international business situations.
The newly-updated version of this groundbreaking textbook continues to provide a topical and relevant analysis of the ethical dimensions of conducting business in a global political economy. From a starting point of applied ethics, the book introduces a common set of normative terms and analytical tools for examining and discussing real case scenarios.
Extensive real-world examples, presented in the form of exhibits, cover issues including:

• foreign production, including sweatshops
• export of hazardous products
• testing and pricing of HIV-AIDS drugs
• advertising tobacco, alcoholic beverages and infant formula
• deceptive marketing techniques and bribery
• religious and social discrimination
• cultural impacts from 'music, movies and malls'
• environmental issues, including oil spills, rain forest preservation, global warming and genetically modified foods
• fair trade certification and consumer boycotts
• oil investments in the Sudan, Burma and Nigeria.

To keep pace with the changing landscape of global business, this new edition features:

• updated exhibits that introduce new issues, including internet censorship and privacy, marketing and obesity, dumping electronic waste in Ghana, the costs of bottled water, and Wal-Mart's supplier code in China
• increased coverage of issues arising in emerging markets
• updated descriptions and assessments of relevant international agreements
• seventeen new photographs that were chosen to accompany cases designed for classroom discussion
• "framing questions" to guide discussion of issues in topical chapters
• three additional figures that help depict the ethical analysis process.

The continued globalization of business increases the relevance of this textbook and its unique focus on specifically international ethical challenges faced by business, where governments and civil society groups play an active role. While most business ethics texts continue to focus heavily on ethical theory, this textbook condenses ethical theory into applied decision-making concepts, emphasizing practical applications to real world dilemmas.
Anyone with an interest in the ethical implications of international business, or the business implications of corporate responsibility in the global market, will find this book a thought-provoking yet balanced analysis. Clearly written, this has become the textbook of choice in this increasingly important field.

This book examines infrastructure privatization, worldwide and particularly in the United States, by investment banks as one way to promote economic growth and productivity. More specifically, it focuses on the Macquarie Group Ltd. From its modest beginnings is Australia some forty years ago Macquarie has achieved preeminence as the world's leading non-governmental operator of infrastructure assets. The infrastructure fund model pioneered by Macquarie leases (or buys) staid assets ranging from toll roads to airports, piles on debt, and reaps handsome fees.