This book brings together the work of noted authorities in the field of multinational enterprises who explain and debate the merits of internalization theory as the new general theory of the multinational enterprise. Alternatives to internalization, such as licensing, joint ventures and other contractual arrangements are also evaluated. There are many applications to actual businesses, such as in the hotel, fish, food and banking industries. Also considered are regional office location and applications of the theory to Canada, Japan, the former Yugoslavia, the UK and USA.

It is clear that although the human resource management field has been drastically affected by global competition over the last twenty years, most of the research and publications in the field are geared to providing corporations with an understanding of their business environment. This book takes an entirely different approach by looking at the job and career markets from the point of view of individuals who are searching for new strategies to find, develop and manage their careers in a global environment. Not only does it provide the individual with the tools necessary to evaluate various domestic and international career markets, but it also presents strategies to help them package and market their skills and competencies at home and abroad. With the help of this vital guidebook to the global job market, readers will:

Learn how to research national markets to spot new career opportunities

Find information on dynamic regions and companies where careers are flourishing

Find out about professional & skill certifications that help with global employment

Learn how to build and mobilize personal and professional networks

Learn about international oriented business sectors and career opportunities

Identify education and training opportunities at home and abroad

Create practical strategies for developing and managing their career

As global competition forces firms to adjust rapidly to changing market conditions, affecting the structure and content of jobs, careers and career markets around the world, the need for individuals to be proactive is becoming clear. This book offers readers the tools they need to evaluate and manage their career environment and personal career profiles, and ultimately, to have a rewarding career.

This volume, based on a series analysis using up to date econometric technique, systematically investigates the role that exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) have played in China's development process, and questions the received wisdom that exports and FDI are always an unalloyed blessing. It focuses on the transmission mechanisms through which exports and FDI influence growth and economic development and investigates the impact of exports and FDIs on employment, development financing and productivity growth, amongst other issues, in China. MARKET 1: Postgraduates and scholars in the fields of international trade, development economics, and globalization

This volume considers problems which can be serious obstacles in international marketing but which are much less difficult in domestic marketing, such as cultural differences; the establishing and maintaining of relationships with customers' and the special problems for firm strategy and organisation arising from the internationalisation process.

This volume examines how joint ventures work in practice. Drawing on extensive personal experience and using case study examples where appropriate, the author analyses the various stages, discusses the problems of partner selection, implementation and control and points out the various benefits and pitfalls. He draws out the implications for improving practice and discusses how the experience of joint ventures affects the theory of the multinational enterprise.

This book considers the question of the impact of multinationals on Sweden. Based on extensive original research the book examines the benefits and drawbacks of multinationals for Sweden. It relates the Swedish case of multinationals to theories of multinational enterprise and to theories of industrial change. It reviews the extensive debate within Sweden on the question and discusses the policy options available to Sweden. It argues that the mix within a multinational and the spatial distribution (either at home or abroad) of production, research and development, marketing and central functions is important in determining whether a multinational has a beneficial or adverse effect on a country like Sweden. As a small open economy which is considerably affected by movements in international trade Sweden provides the rest of the world with a unique example of the impact of multinational enterprises in terms of both outward and inward foreign direct investment.

This thorough, comprehensive introduction to international financial management provides an expert guide to the workings of international capital markets, the financing of international business, the complexities of international taxation and the use of financial instruments such as swaps and options. Written by professionals, the book guides the reader through each key topic, targeting the issues underpinning successful financial strategy in the global markets of the 1990s.

Marketing strategy is constantly adapting in the changing environment of International Business. This book draws together an eminent and international body of researchers to analyse recent changes in world markets and marketing practices. It analyses, codifies and challenges existing literature on the subject; it offers industry specific studies of international marketing practices and their relative successes; and it presents valuable research findings on the increasingly important markets of China and Japan. The book is a three-fold contribution to the study and practice of International Marketing. Blending empirical studies with critical theory, the collection sheds much desired light on this important and often-neglected area.

In Entrepreneurship and Sustainability the editors and contributors challenge the notion that not-for-profit social entrepreneurship is the only sort that can lead to the alleviation of poverty. Entrepreneurship for profit is not just about the entrepreneur doing well. Entrepreneurs worldwide are leading successful for-profit ventures which contribute to poverty alleviation in their communities. With the challenge of global poverty before them, entrepreneurs continue to develop innovative, business-oriented ventures that deliver promising solutions to this complex and urgent agenda. This book explores how to bring commercial investors together with those who are best placed to reach the poorest customers. With case studies from around the World, the focus of the contributions is on the new breed of entrepreneurs who are blending a profit motive with a desire to make a difference in their communities and beyond borders. A number of the contributions here also recognize that whilst much research has been devoted to poverty alleviation in developing countries, this is only part of the story. Studies in this volume also focus upon enterprise solutions to poverty in pockets of significant deprivation in high-income countries, such as the Appalachia region of the US, in parts of Europe, and the richer Asian countries. Much has been written about the achievements of socially orientated non-profit microfinance institutions. This valuable, academically rigorous but accessible book will help academics, policy makers, and business people consider what the next generation of more commercially orientated banks for the 'bottom billion' might look like.

Through a series of international case studies, the nature and the geographical implications of the development of multinational corporations is examined. The volume concentrates on the latter Post-War period of corporate restructuring and readjustment in response to world-wide recession in the mid-1980s. The volume is divided into two parts. In the first each of the chapters considers a particular aspect of the problem of how multinational corporations have developed. In the second part the chapters consider different aspects of the economic and social impacts of these corporations. The common theme that links all the papers is their emphasis on careful historical analysis of different forms of spatial organisation and their transformation into other, different forms.

David S. Wu negotiated and managed the first and only profitable venture for AlliedSignal (now Honeywell) in the 1990s. After spending eight years in Asia to deliver US$40 million profit on US$300 million sales for Danaher, Tyco, RRDonnelley and Honeywell, he returned to the US to write this fact-filled book to help companies organize for profitable growth in China.

He establishes the analytical framework through Business Life Cycle and Career Life Cycle concepts together with case studies like those used at top MBA schools, focusing on the US$30-50 billion annual expenditure on expatriates. His "30 minute workbook to build your China ventures" gives you a chance to examine and prioritize issues in your company so you can focus on areas with the greatest impact in a continuous improvement environment.

"David S. Wu has written a terrific book on doing business in China. Don't miss this guide into the land of the world's first capitalists."

--Dr. Bob Rosen, CEO of Healthy Companies International and Author of "Global Literacies" (2000), "Leading People" (1996) and "Healthy Company" (1991)

"David S. Wu is an astute executive with a deep knowledge of international commerce in general and China in particular. Let him be your personal guide "through the looking glass," to view and assimilate the issues of doing business in China in fascinating and important new ways."

--John Lucht, Author of "Rites of Passage at $100,000 to $1 Million+"

International Management and Intercultural Communication consists of cases of direct observation and personal involvement in a wide variety of communication challenges in international management settings, and discusses them in terms of management theories. The cases explore interactions across national cultures and regional boundaries, demonstrating both traditional and unusual approaches to problems that sooner or later are likely to challenge all managers who operate internationally. The book is presented in two volumes. Volume 1 contains case studies concerning different aspects of international management and intercultural communication in business, marketing and politics. Volume 2 deals with cases of international management in social and educational settings.

For the business and government relationship in Japan, the pre-war period was an era of considerable change. Framed by Japan's nation-building efforts, the relationship adapted and evolved with the often fluid economic and political circumstances. As both business and government had vested interests in the direction and success of Japan's industrialization process, on one level they became partners. At the same time, though, they were both stakeholders in the fiercely competitive iron and steel industry. This book explores how that partner-competitor relationship worked during the amalgamation of this strategic industry from 1916 to 1934, demonstrating how both parties engaged in meaningful negotiation through the open forum of the Shingikai - or Councils of Deliberation - throughout the pre-war period. Drawing upon the original minutes of the debates, it shows the ways in which the participants defended their vested interests and sought to forge agreement, taking the forum seriously as a means of influencing outcomes, and not simply as a mere exercise of artifice deployed to shroud the real locus of decision-making. Business-Government Relations in Prewar Japan is an important contribution to the literature on the relationship between government and business in pre-war Japan.

Although much information is available about the trade provisions of NAFTA, little has been written on its provisions governing the international transfer of labor. For multinationals to remain competitive in the world market, they not only must access international markets for their products, but also the labor force to help them "provide" products. This book is a review of the immigration provisions of NAFTA and a step-by-step guide to help corporate management utilize them in their hiring practices. It also provides a reference source for legal material not easily found elsewhere, a description of the laws and the procedures they govern, a detailed description of how to complete INS forms, and checklists and suggestions to help do so. A unique guide for human resource executives and for their colleagues in the academic community interested in international business practices.

Part I provides a brief overview of the standard immigration provisions that relate to all NAFTA visas. Part II discusses the legal requirements for business persons, treaty traders and investors, and intracompany transferees who enter the United States to conduct business. Part III describes in detail how the United States businesses can hire Canadian and Mexican professionals. Step-by-step descriptions note important differences in the procedures for professionals from Canada and Mexico. The authors describe what professionals qualify, how to complete INS form, obtain TN status for professional employees, apply for extensions, and change or end employment. One chapter is devoted to issues relating to the professional's family. Part IV discusses supplementary issues of the effect of strikes, employer legal obligations, and obtaining permanent residence. The Appendixes include the full text of chapter 16 of NAFTA, relevant laws, INS forms, and checklists and addresses that businesses will find useful for preparing and filing INS petitions.

In contrast to the vibrant development in global market entry activities, extant research on the subject is running out of steam. For example, countertrade, a major form of entry mode, has grown to 15 percent of the world trade but studies on the topic have dwindled to naught. The practice of gray market has expanded to include everything from batteries and cars to computers and mobile phones. However, research on gray market has become scarce. Research stagnancy does not limit to micro-marketing issues. The role of government in market entry has received little attention in spite of the active roles many governments, such as the Chinese and Indian governments, have played in creating a favorable environment to attract foreign direct investment and promote export. Written by a group of internationally renowned scholars, this volume of the "Advances in International Marketing" is devoted to bridge a knowledge gap between the practice of international market entry and the availability of research-based insights and principles for guiding that practice. Among the articles, Samiee discusses countertrade from a marketing viewpoint and introduces a unique marketing process perspective. Zou, Taylor, and Fang examine government influences on MNC's control over its foreign market venture. Li and Li investigate channel control in new product export. Mullen, Sashi, and Doney's case study highlights the complex issues in gray market from the perspective of both manufacturers and parallel marketers. Kopp and Zeng review the changes in Chinese patent laws and discuss market entry issues related to intellectual property rights.

This book connects a buying psychology driven by American beliefs and values with a company's go-to market strategy, the goal being to sensitize readers to how the cultural values of a particular country or region can impact the business environment. The book also addresses the reasons behind these differences and therefore begins with a detailed cultural comparison of the United States and Europe, and assessments of how these characteristics impact their respective markets and customer behavior differently. Another aspect that sets this book apart is that it argues for sound decision-making processes as the first priority in any international business strategy. Readers are provided detailed insights into the variables a European company needs to understand before it makes its "go/no-go" decision, along with the tools needed to evaluate the probability of success and the risks of going to market. Once a company decides to enter the US market, the book then offers a highly customer-centric approach to developing and executing an effective market strategy.

International businesses struggle to be competitive and influential at the global market level. With the new ideas in the management and leadership disciplines, hard skills are losing or are believed to be losing their strategic relevance while soft skills are praised and highly sought after. The Handbook of Research on International Business and Models for Global Purpose-Driven Companies, a pivotal reference source, provides vital research on international business management strategies and applications within internal organizations that allow companies to strategically position themselves for increased success in the global economy. While highlighting topics such as organizational culture, internal communication, and generational workforce, this publication explores leadership disciplines as well as the methods of handling multicultural organizations. This book is ideally designed for entrepreneurs, executives, managers, business professionals, human resource officials, researchers, academicians, and students.

The United States lost one third of its factory jobs in the past decade as jobs were outsourced offshore, mostly to Asia. Jobs that require a college degree are next to go. China will award six times as many degrees this year as they did ten years ago and any job that can be digitized will be 'tradable'. Estimates of the number of vulnerable jobs range from a low 11 million to a staggering 56 million 'middle class' jobs. The median United States household income has already dropped by seven percent since 2000 and without dramatic changes in the American workforce that trend will become a disaster for middle class Americans.

This book investigates the key factors shaping corporate governance in China and presents a sophisticated study of corporate governance in China from a comparative and historical perspective. Drawing on extensive corporate governance literature, this book articulates why path dependence theory is the most effective framework for interpreting the development path of Chinese corporate governance. Chenxia Shi reviews the historical role of government in commercial development and regulation in dynastic China and in early corporate law-making, followed by an account of China 's legal and economic development over the last three decades. This historical inquiry identifies government control as the key feature of economic and market regulation in China. In particular, this book canvasses the evolution of governance of State-Owned Enterprises and listed companies, major corporate governance problems, regulatory challenges posed by China 's increasing participation in economic globalization, and enforcement difficulties particularly in relation to investor protection, directors duties and accountability. Ultimately, Political Determinants of Corporate Governance in China demonstrates that corporate governance in China is largely determined by political imperatives and those political imperatives have been shaped and re-shaped in a historical process.

More than a decade into the new millennium, the fusion of corporate and state power is the essential defining feature of US foreign policy. This edited volume critically examines the relationship between corporations and the US state in the development of foreign policies related to globalization.

Drawing together a wide range of contributors, this work explores the role of corporations in using US foreign policies to advance the interests of transnational capital in a wide range of contexts, including:

• how US government policies have contributed to the globalization of production and finance
• the ways in which transnational corporations have influenced the US relationship with China, a crucial linkage in the new era of transnational accumulation
• how transnational corporate power has shaped capital-labour relations, humanitarian intervention, structural adjustment policies, low-intensity democracy and the G20 summits
• the "corporate centrism" of the Obama Administration, whose policies have been consistent with the growing power of transnational capital in US foreign policymaking
• the politics and consequences of the embedded relationship between various sectors of the transnational capitalist class, global institutions and the US state, including the limits and contradictions of this relationship during the ongoing capitalist crisis.

This work will be of great interest to students and scholars of both US foreign policy and international political economy.

Ranked as the second most important growing economy in the world, India represents one of the most interesting sourcing and selling markets. A real 'global strategy' cannot ignore it. Using the experiences of leading international companies (including Accenture, DHL and IDS), this book illustrates opportunities, threats and approaches in the management of an offshoring project in India. It clarifies issues concerning FDIs, intellectual property protection and transport/communication, and closes with a detailed description of five in-depth case studies.

This book shows how large an impact the WTO has on developing countries. It assesses the subsidies given and shows how they will be affected by trade liberalization. It looks in particular at the TRIPS agreement and assesses the costs and benefits that it will have for developing countries.

Sub-Saharan Africa, the poorest and least integrated region of the world, now has 15 stock markets. Adventure Capitalism examines the economic and political forces behind this trend and discusses the potential consequences of financial market integration for developing countries. Using a political economy approach, it finds that financial globalization presents a formidable challenge for African policymakers, but is also an opportunity with a range of benefits.

The National Perspectives on the Development of Public Relations: Other Voices series is the first to offer an authentic world-wide view of the history of public relations. It features six books, five of which cover continental and regional groups. This second book in the series focuses on Eastern Europe.

On the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, this book presents the first monographic study of the Hong Kong Basic Law as an economic document. The Basic Law codifies what Gonzalo Villalta Puig and Eric C Ip call free market constitutionalism, the logic of Hong Kong's economic liberty as the freest market economy in the world. This book, which is the outcome of several years of study with the financial support of the General Research Fund of Hong Kong's Research Grants Council, evaluates the public choice rationale of the Basic Law and its projection on the Hong Kong economy, with a focus on the policy development of economic liberty both internally and externally. In the academic tradition of James M Buchanan's constitutional political economy, the book opens with a conceptualisation of free market constitutionalism in Hong Kong. It studies the origins of this concept in the 19th-century classically liberal common law and how it developed into a Hayekian laissez-faire convention under British colonial rule, was codified into the Basic Law and is interpreted and applied by the branches of the Government of the Region. The book closes with remarks on the future of Hong Kong's free market constitutionalism in face of recent challenges as the year 2047 approaches and the 50 years of 'unchanged' capitalist system under the Basic Law come to an end. This book will appeal to students, scholars and practitioners of law, economics, political science and public administration. It will especially appeal to those with an interest in Hong Kong law, international economic law or comparative constitutional law.