American Business Abroad: Ford on Six Continents documents the first sixty years of Ford Motor Company's international expansion. Ford Motor Company introduced Americans to the first affordable car. Based on Ford's extraordinary company archives, this book traces the company's rise as a multinational enterprise. Following the export of the sixth car produced by the company, Ford opened its first plant abroad in its second year of business and quickly expanded around the world, building a business that by the mid 1920s spanned six continents. It faced wars, nationalism, numerous government restrictions and all the perils of operating across borders. First published in 1964, this book has lasting value in reminding readers of the long and uneven path of globalization. This new edition includes a new introduction by the author examining the impact and legacy of the study. It remains a major contribution to global economic history. In addition, Ford's history offers useful lessons today for both participants in the global economy and students of international business.

With Korea already on its way to becoming the next major front in world trade and international commerce--it is now the United States' seventh largest bilateral trading partner--American firms that realize the potential opportunities of establishing an early presence there stand to realize substantial profits. This pioneering book is the first to provide a step-by-step guide to establishing an active export operation in Korea. Writing for both business executives who want to expand their export operations and professionals who study and analyze international trade, the author offers a thorough discussion of company evaluation, product selection, overseas business practices, local customs, and Korean outlets. The focus throughout is on the practical strategies and procedures involved in setting up and maintaining a successful export operation in Korea, making this an indispensable source for international sales managers, strategic planners, and marketing executives.

The author begins by analyzing company strategies and shows how the individual firm can evaluate its own export capacities. The second section discusses products and product groups likely to sell well in Korea. Part III places trade within its social context and explores Korean trade policies, the importance of culture, and the dominance of government in Korean trade. Because exporting trends are moving toward joint-ventures, the author notes, these cultural considerations take on additional significance. The cultural practices that must be observed by traders active in Korea are examined in a group of chapters that describe how the Korean import market works, how U.S. suppliers compare with Japan, how to gain access to the Korean markets, and how insiders view Korean practices. The last two sections emphasize Korean protocol and outlet procedures. Among the topics covered here are customs and traditions, Korean business etiquette, establishing distribution systems, consumer markets, service outlets, and business prospects. Numerous tables and figures amplify points made in the text.

This edited collection highlights the unique cultural and socioeconomic elements of China and the strong influence of those elements on women leaders in the nation. The authors present perspectives on women leaders' current state of working conditions and balancing of personal and professional lives in diverse contexts while discussing commonalities and differences across sectors in China and drawing comparisons with Asian and non-Asian contexts. Chapters will explore cultural contexts that hinder career advancement, family roles for women, government policies and educational opportunities that support women's development, and finally the future for women in China. The book provides a thorough assessment of the situation of women in China for scholars in leadership, management, international relations, and human resource development.

This book examines the role of government fiscal and non-fiscal incentives in spurring innovation and entrepreneurship in developed and developing economies. It explores and examines the role of government programs in different stages of firm growth pre-startup, startup, and scale-up. By developing a theoretical framework and reviewing international evidence, the book identifies the best combination of government incentives to stimulate innovation and entrepreneurship, and provides concrete policy recommendations for decision-makers. Some of the issues tackled in this book include national innovation policy, innovation support programs, effectiveness of the support, challenges associated with the programs, risk-sharing and partnerships for innovation. This book is of interest to academics, students, practitioners, policymakers, governmental and non-governmental organizations as well as other stakeholders who wants to be informed about the challenges, progress and current trend in stimulating innovation and entrepreneurship.

Written by leading scholars, this new third edition provides readers with a comprehensive and authoritative examination of emerging markets across the globe. Fully updated in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and other recent macro drivers, the authors present analytical frameworks, tools and best practice insights to help readers develop a critical understanding of the growth economies presented within the book, alongside their common characteristics, evolution, and significance in the global economy. Making use of original cases encompassing countries including Brazil, China, Russia, Thailand, Turkey and Uzbekistan, the authors explore the unique challenges and opportunities for emerging markets throughout the world today, including the rising middle class, partnering, and negotiation techniques. This text is essential reading for international business students, researchers and practitioners focused on business in emerging markets.

The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship program of China's 'One Belt One Road' initiative, created to boost economic cooperation between China and Pakistan with significant political and economic implications in the region. This book looks at critical issues when developing capabilities of cross-cultural management, adaptation and adjustment through cross-cultural understanding and network building from the CPEC case study. The book highlights the importance of acculturation experience, cross-cultural networking, networking behaviour (guanxi vs. hawala), and factors influencing cross-cultural adjustment, which would enhance the overall performance of 'One Belt One Road' projects in general. It looks at how the Chinese and Pakistani employees' national cultures affect their behaviour while working on the CPEC projects. The book offers insights into what cross-cultural adjustments are effective in creating improved individual and organizational performance. In an increasingly globalized world in which the practice of working with people from multiple cultural background is more of a norm, this book will be a useful reference for those who are interested to achieve success in multi-cultural settings.

A concise narrative with cases and examples of controversial corporate behaviour interwoven throughout. Provides a deep analysis of ethical issues such as universalism in ethics, the proper grounding of human rights, the legitimacy of moral agency for multinational corporations, and the authority of host country laws for students. From one of the leading academics in business ethics and globalisation. Aimed at upper level students, the book presents important issues, challenging students to develop an awareness and understanding of these topics, as well as building their analytical skills.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of Halal in logistics, supply chain management and the future implications for the Halal industry. It discusses a wide range of Halal logistics practices and theories in Japan, Korea, Spain, Oman, and SEA countries. The book examines technology applications, regulatory and certification procedure, Halal management system and quality control, sustainability and as well as challenges for the logistics and Halal supply chain in the pandemic context. The book also looks at how to navigate the complexity of the Halal logistics to achieve business sustainability. It uses a multidisciplinary approach to provide insights on the Halal logistics and supply chain study. This book hopes to fill an existing gap and enrich the literature on Halal logistics and supply chain management specifically in the West, Middle East and regions in Asia. This will be a useful reference to those who would like to learn more about this industry.

Under the current multilateral trading system, most business entities have turned their attention away from focusing exclusively on their domestic market to the management of international business transactions on the global market. Around the world, this trend has increased the demand for education and training on the principles of international trade and, more practically, the administration of international business transactions.

This book aims to give upper-level undergraduates and graduate students a comprehensive understanding of the administrative and practical aspects of international commerce. It seeks to provide students, as the potential future practitioners of international trade, with the ability to gather and administrate the information needed to decide on and manage complex international business transactions, including in- and outsourcing problems, exports and imports.

This open access book brings together narratives of inbound and outbound expatriate entrepreneurship in Japan to provide a comprehensive overview of international entrepreneurship in the region. Through in-depth interviews with expatriate entrepreneurs, policymakers, and additional stakeholders it provides the reader with a solid understanding of the current landscape of international entrepreneurship as it relates to Japan and the challenges for policymakers. The topics addressed in this book include definitions of expatriate entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship policy development and implementation, concepts of mindset, cultural brokerage, community, and identity as they relate to Japanese self-initiated expatriate entrepreneurs working in South East Asia and to non-Japanese self-initiated expatriate entrepreneurs working in Japan. Additionally, the book provides an overview of issues connected to regional development and economic growth in Asia. Illustrated through carefully chosen cases from Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Indonesia and developed by connecting these cases to policy and interdisciplinary studies, this book is highly recommended to scholars, policymakers and practitioners who seek an in-depth and up-to-date integrated overview of the field of expatriate entrepreneurship in Asia.

Exploring how infrastructure is - and can be - used by states as part of their territorial strategy, this timely book examines how core economic infrastructures including transport, energy, information and water support states' territorial objectives. Colin Turner analyses each of these infrastructures, looking at the main adaptive tensions acting both upon them and upon national infrastructure systems (NIS) as a whole. Offering a holistic view on NIS, the book deciphers how states engage in infrastructuring as a means of securing and enhancing their territoriality. Assessing the role that both hard and soft infrastructure systems play, chapters highlight how these can enable and be supported by economic infrastructures. Turner conceptualises the National Information Infrastructure System, looking at the pressure upon infrastructure to retain its capability to support and enable a state's territorial strategy. Public policy and regional studies scholars will appreciate the integrated approach to NIS offered in this book. It will also be beneficial to policy makers looking to better understand debates on policy design around NIS, and practitioners implementing these systems.

With the rapid development and drastic change of the world economy, "Digital Finance", "Internet Finance", "Science and Technology Finance" have become new hotspots, which also represent the future trend of economy development in the era of big data. Enterprises are facing more uncertainty, opportunities coexist with challenges. There are more possibilities for economic development and enterprise management to accelerate the integration of cutting-edge research results, to deepen hot topics discussion and to promote opinion exchanges among academic and business circles. The Sixth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM2021) was successfully held online on October 16-17, 2021, and aimed to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academics as well as industry professionals from all over the world to present their latest research findings and development activities in economic and business management. These proceedings include 51 accepted articles selected from 94 submissions.

This book surveys the landscape of supermarket retailing in Africa, showing how this expanding part of the retail sector is changing consumerism on the continent. Drawing on research covering retail formats, consumer behaviour, strategies, operation research, ICT, relationship marketing, and market linkage, the book investigates the many factors impacting the growth of supermarkets in Africa. The contributors employ theories, concepts, and methods in order to help us to understand changing consumer behaviour, the strategies used by suppliers to access supermarkets, the role of service suppliers in the growth of the sector, and ultimately how supermarkets can assist in making the market linkage between producers and consumers in Africa. The chapters provide a comprehensive exploration of modern retail, discussing its growth and future, identifying consumer preferences, as well as suggesting solutions to the challenges that retailers and suppliers on the continent face in developing the sector. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of the retail sector and retail management in Africa.

Covers the changing trends in the event tourism industry The influence and role of social media and other technology. The contribution of women in events and festivals. The impact of event tourism in economic development on local communities.

This book is based on the review of literature on different themes related to business and management in the Asia Pacific context. All seven chapters included in this book explore the past, present and future of business and research. They cover diverse topics in the Asia Pacific context ranging from different ways of thinking to innovation implementation and efficiency, responsible tourism, internal marketing to leadership. This book will be useful for researchers, practitioners and policy makers. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the Asia Pacific Business Review.

Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic and entrepreneurial regions in the world. Despite its entrepreneurial nature, the study of entrepreneurship has largely been on North America and Europe. This book showcases the entrepreneurial capabilities that are taking place in Southeast Asia from a digital innovation perspective. The book questions the role of entrepreneurship in the Southeast Asian context. It also provides a historical analysis of how entrepreneurship is influenced by the history of individual Southeast Asian countries. It goes on to examine heritage tourism to explore how entrepreneurship is embedded in cultural and social endeavours, and explores how digital technologies and innovations are leading change in the region's business ecosystems. The book closes by examining the effects of the pandemic from a risk management perspective to show the interrelationship between crisis management and innovation, before highlighting areas for future research. The comprehensive coverage of different countries within Southeast Asia regarding their entrepreneurial initiatives will enrich the existing literature and will be a useful reference to scholars researching entrepreneurship.

The international business sector has been completely revolutionized due to shifts in global economy, digitization, and the Internet. Integrating New Technologies in International Business: Opportunities and Challenges explores the rapid changes in technology that have affected businesses and social environments that are offering new challenges and opportunities for small to mid-size enterprises (SMEs) and start-ups. It highlights how businesses in emerging economies are implementing the new technological innovations to compete in the global market. The chapters in the volume provide valuable insight on many cutting-edge topics on new technology in the business environment and the new digital world, or Industry 4.0, including: Internet of Things (IoT) and customer relationship management Cross-cultural management Artificial intelligence Social media advertising Multichannel banking Digital payment technology Blockchain technology Augmented reality Eye-tracking analysis This book will be a valuable resource for business leaders and managers, industry professionals, business scholars, regulatory stakeholders, policymakers, faculty and students, and those who are interested in the current trends in the state of global digitization in industrial markets. The information provided here will help readers find the most appropriate approaches for taking advantage of these new technologies.

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) was created in 1919 by business leaders who described themselves as 'merchants of peace' and whose motto was 'world peace through world trade'. Since then a number of initiatives, including the founding of the WTO in 1995, have provided the proper regulatory conditions for a dramatic increase in world trade. This has generated unprecedented growth and allowed many countries to enjoy great gains in wealth and welfare. Yet despite these gains we are still far from achieving the ICC's goal of world peace through world trade. This 2010 book provides a broad overview of the forces that shape international trade and global interdependence, showing business leaders and entrepreneurs how we can address the shortcomings of the multilateral trading system. Most importantly, it shows how we can turn international trade into one of the key global instruments to achieve peace and prosperity in the twenty-first century.

This book gives an in-depth research on digital business environment as well as its indicators analysis by means of collecting huge data and cases in China. Additionally, it's on the first try to apply bibliometric method to business environment literature review. The main contents of this book contain the research on the connotation and evaluation indicator system of digital business environment, and a series of excellent practices in improving the business environment in China in the aspects of digital infrastructure construction, digital market order, digital security, digital government application, digital literacy and innovation, etc. The expected readers are scholars who study business environment-related topics, groups interested in digital business environment, businessmen and officials. The most significant features of this book lie in its novel topics and detailed cases, which can help readers to have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of China's digital business environment construction.

The forces of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA) in today's world are shaping businesses and calling into question the wisdom of existing business models. VUCA challenges businesses to digitalize and transform in ways they had not contemplated before. This book looks at how successful businesses have revitalized and innovated their business models. It illustrates through cases how these businesses have adapted to new forms of globalization through the lens of Business Model Innovation (BMI) theories in a digital world. This book's chapters are divided into three sections. The first section examines the existing literature, the second section focuses on business processes and behaviour, and lastly the third section presents four case studies of sustainable international businesses from sectors such the fashion and digital services industry. Paying attention to business decisions and outcomes, the contributors critically examine which theories and practices would be most applicable for a digitally transforming world. This book provides insights that will interest researchers and academics in the fields of sustainable business, organizational change, and digital transformation, amongst others. Its observations into sustainable digital transformation may also interest business leaders and consultants.

In the past China's capital market featured prevalent state ownership and a weak legal environment. It has, however, achieved very substantial development in the past two decades. China has surpassed Japan as the world's second-largest stock market and has also emerged as a leading player in green bonds and Fintech markets. The chapters in this book provide insights on Chinese listed firms and advance the understanding of China's unique institutions. Some important questions are covered including the governance role of foreign investors in partially privatized firms, the financial implications of political connections, the "Chinese model" of commercial banks and regulatory reforms that promote the marketization of the stock markets, among others. These studies have important implications for other emerging economies, on the recent China-US trade conflicts and about the Trump administration's complaints about the role of the Chinese government in capital markets. This book selectively includes the most influential articles from two special issues of The European Journal of Finance, which were based on selections of papers presented at a series of conferences on the Chinese Capital Markets.

As the second edition of Global Business Strategy, this book provides novel insights on how a firm can formulate a successful approach toward its global business from both the Western and Asian perspectives. In this respect, the book's overall goal is to bridge the gap between these two different viewpoints. This second edition includes more recent business theories, techniques, and cases within the field of global business strategy. Specifically, it includes new theories and techniques like creating shared value (CSV), the global value chain, platform strategy, and business ecosystem. They are shown to be important tools for enhancing competitiveness and maintaining sustainability among firms in today's rapidly changing international business environment. This is very much evident today given the critical challenges arising from the trade tensions between the United States and China, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and digital transformation, and the unprecedented disruptions brought on by the coronavirus pandemic. We hope that this book will serve as a useful companion for students, business practitioners, policymakers, and the more general readers interested in issues related to competitiveness and business.

China is now the global counting house, trading Western debt and cashing Western obligations - financially, socially and diplomatically. By 'buying' its own democratic electorate with easy credit, the West has ceded power to the Chinese.
China's primary goal, however, is internal stability and external security, aiming neither for international dominance nor military confrontation. Its governing Party has a national mandate - of, by and for the people - a main street mandate for a resurgent China.
Mackinnon and Powell show how China is determining its destiny. This book interprets China's policy of gradual global expansion and the alternatives it offers to open capitalism and liberal democracy. It sifts constants from variables to reveal a China positioning itself for recognition as an equal.