Faseroptische Komponenten und Systeme sind heute unverzichtbar im Bereich der Datenubertragung, der Sensorik und Messtechnik, der Materialbearbeitung und in der Medizintechnik. Bei hohen Lichtleistungen in Glasfasern mit kleinen Querschnitten treten dabei nichtlineare optische Effekte auf, die in einigen Anwendungen gezielt genutzt werden konnen, aber in anderen Fallen storend sind.

Aufbauend auf den Grundlagen der linearen Ausbreitung von Lichtwellen in Glasfasern werden in diesem Buch die nichtlinearen faseroptischen Effekte grundlegend und systematisch behandelt. Schwerpunkte sind dabei die Auswirkungen und Anwendungen der stimulierten Raman- und Brillouin-Streuung. Spezielle Aspekte der nichtlinearen Faseroptik werden am Beispiel der Raman-Faserlaser vertieft.

Das Buch zeichnet sich durch fundierte theoretische Grundlagen, Angabe reprasentativer Zahlenwerte und anschauliche Beispiele aus. In kurzen Exkursen werden Zusammenhange aufgezeigt und weiterfuhrende Informationen gegeben. Zahlreiche Literaturangaben ermoglichen eine selbststandige weitere Vertiefung in einzelne Themen."

This volume describes the theory and practical implementation of three techniques for the generation of blue-green light: nonlinear frequency conversion of infrared lasers, upconversion lasers, and wide bandgap semiconductor diode lasers. In addition, it looks at the various applications that have driven the development of compact sources of blue-green light, and reflects on the recent application of these lasers in high-density data storage, color displays, reprographics, and biomedical technology.

Introduction to Laser Science and Engineering provides a modern resource for a first course in lasers for both students and professionals. Starting from simple descriptions, this text builds upon them to give a detailed modern physical understanding of the concepts behind light, optical beams and lasers. The coverage starts with the nature of light and the principles of photon absorption and transmission, leading to the amplified and stimulated emission principals governing lasers. The specifics of lasers and their application, safe use and future prospects are then covered, with a wealth of illustrations to provide readers with a visual sense of optical and laser principles.

Written by those at the forefront of VCSEL research and development, provides a clear insight into the physics of VCSELs, as well as describing details of their fabrication and the massive range of their application. The chapters cover VCSEL design, emission from microcavities, growth, fabrication, and characterization, long and short-wavelength VCSELs, optical data links, and free space optical processing.

"This engagingly written text provides a useful pedagogical introduction to an extensive class of geometrical phenomena in the optics of polarization and phase, including simple explanations of much of the underlying mathematics." -Michael Berry, University of Bristol, UK "The author covers a vast number of topics in great detail, with a unifying mathematical treatment. It will be a useful reference for both beginners and experts...." -Enrique Galvez, Charles A. Dana Professor of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University "a firm and comprehensive grounding both for those looking to acquaint themselves with the field and those of us that need reminding of the things we thought we knew, but hitherto did not understand: an essential point of reference." -Miles Padgett, Kelvin Chair of Natural Philosophy and Vice Principal (Research), University of Glasgow This book focuses on the various forms of wavefield singularities, including optical vortices and polarization singularities, as well as orbital angular momentum and associated applications. It highlights how an understanding of singular optics provides a completely different way to look at light. Whereas traditional optics focuses on the shape and structure of the non-zero portions of the wavefield, singular optics describes a wave's properties from its null regions. The contents cover the three main areas of the field: the study of generic features of wavefields, determination of unusual properties of vortices and wavefields that contain singularities, and practical applications of vortices and other singularities.

One of the key advances in photonic technology in recent years is the development of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, or VCSELs. These devices have a huge range of potential applications in areas such as communications, printing, and optical switching. This book, first published in 1999, provides a clear insight into the physics of VCSELs, as well as describing details of their fabrication and applications. All of the book's contributors are at the forefront of VCSEL research and development. Together they provide complete and coherent coverage of the current state-of-the-art. The opening chapters cover VCSEL design, emission from microcavities, growth, fabrication, and characterization. These are followed by chapters on long and short-wavelength VCSELs, optical data links, and free space optical processing. The book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in electrical engineering, applied physics, and materials science. It will also be an excellent reference volume for practising engineers in the photonics industry.

Physics of laser crystals has been constantly developing since the invention of the laser in 1960. Nowadays, more than 1500 wide-band-gap and semiconductors crystals are suitable for the production of the laser effect. Different laser devices are widely used in science, medicine and communication systems according to the progress achieved in the development of laser crystal physics. Scintillators for radiation detection also gained benefit from these developments. Most of the optically active materials offer laser radiations within the 500 to 3000 nm region with various quantum efficiency which fit the usual applications. However, new crystals for laser emissions are needed either in the blue, UV and VUV - region or far IR- region, especially for medicine, computer microchip production and for undiscovered practical uses. Scientific problems of the growth and properties of laser crystals are discussed in numerous books and scientific journals by many scientists working in the field. Therefore, we thought that joint discussions of the scientific and technical problems in laser physics will be useful for further developments in this area. We have proposed to held a Workshop on Physics of Laser Crystals for attempting to induce additional advances especially in solid state spectroscopy. This NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) was hold in Kharkiv * Stary Saltov th nd (Ukraine) on august 26 - September 2 , 2002, and was mainly devoted to the consideration 0 f modem approaches and Iast results in physics of laser crystals.

Silicon, the leading material in microelectronics during the last four decades, also promises to be the key material in the future. Despite many claims that silicon technology has reached fundamental limits, the performance of silicon microelectronics continues to improve steadily. The same holds for almost all the applications for which Si was considered to be unsuitable. The main exception to this positive trend is the silicon laser, which has not been demonstrated to date. The main reason for this comes from a fundamental limitation related to the indirect nature of the Si band-gap. In the recent past, many different approaches have been taken to achieve this goal: dislocated silicon, extremely pure silicon, silicon nanocrystals, porous silicon, Er doped Si-Ge, SiGe alloys and multiquantum wells, SiGe quantum dots, SiGe quantum cascade structures, shallow impurity centers in silicon and Er doped silicon. All of these are abundantly illustrated in the present book.

This is a new and greatly expanded edition of what has become one of the best-known introductions to the principles, techniques, and applications of optical holography. Where necessary, existing sections have been updated, and two new chapters, on holographic optical elements and advanced techniques in holographic interferometry, have been added. The book begins by presenting the theory of holographic imaging, the characteristics of the reconstructed image, and the various types of holograms. Practical aspects of holography are then covered (including optical systems, light sources, and recording media), as are the production of holograms for display, colour holography and computer-generated holograms. A variety of the applications of holography are then discussed in detail, such as high-resolution imaging, holographic optical elements, information storage and processing, and holographic interferometry, including vibration analysis and holographic interferometry with photorefractive crystals. This book assumes only undergraduate training in science or engineering and contains more than 1,000 selected references; anyone wishing to learn more about optical holography, as well as established researchers and engineers in this field, will find it invaluable.

This is a new and greatly expanded edition of what has become one of the best known introductions to the principles, techniques and applications of optical holography. Where necessary, existing sections have been updated to cover several new techniques and applications and two new chapters have been added. After presenting the theory of holographic imaging and the various types of holograms, the author covers practical aspects of holography, as well as the production of holograms for display, color holography, and computer generated holograms. He then discusses a variety of applications of holography in detail, such as high resolution imaging, information storage and processing, vibration analysis, and holographic interferometry. Containing more than 1000 selected references, this book will be invaluable to anyone wishing to learn more about optical holography, as well as to established researchers and engineers in this field.

This concise and accessible book provides a detailed introduction to the fundamental principles of atomic physics at an undergraduate level. Concepts are explained in an intuitive way and the book assumes only a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and electromagnetism. With a compact format specifically designed for students, the first part of the book covers the key principles of the subject, including the quantum theory of the hydrogen atom, radiative transitions, the shell model of multi-electron atoms, spin-orbit coupling, and the effects of external fields. The second part provides an introduction to the four key applications of atomic physics: lasers, cold atoms, solid-state spectroscopy and astrophysics. This highly pedagogical text includes worked examples and end of chapter problems to allow students to test their knowledge, as well as numerous diagrams of key concepts, making it perfect for undergraduate students looking for a succinct primer on the concepts and applications of atomic physics.

In this book emphasis is laid on laser including its operation, different types, properties like coherence and monochromaticity, beam propagation, theoretical treatment of atom-field interaction, semi-classical laser theory, non-linear effects, quantum properties, photon concept and coherent states etc. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

This book presents the first comprehensive collection of solved problems in laser physics covering both fundamental and applied aspects of laser science and technology. The framework of the book, including structuring of topics and notations, closely follows that adopted in the Principles of Laser book by Professor O. Svelto. The collection of problems presented in this book appears therefore a natural complement to Svelto's textbook for testing and developing the skills acquired in the reading of the theory; however, it may also be a useful support to any general textbook on laser physics, wherein problems are usually not solved in detail. We remark that this is, to our knowledge, the first book to provide a complete and satisfactory set of solved problems in such a highly developing field of science and technology. The problems fall mainly into three distinct categories: (i) numerical/applied problems, which help the reader to become confident and familiar with the basic concepts and methods of laser physics, and to acquire a feeling for numerical parameters entering in real-world laser systems; (ii) complementary problems, that present in detail demonstrations of some analytical parts not given in the textbook; and (iii) advanced problems, aimed either to provide a deeper understanding of the subject or to cover more recent developments in the field. Audience: This book is primarily intended for undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, and chemistry. However, it may also be a useful tool for industrial professionals working in the field of laser technologies and laser applications, as well as for researchers interested in basic aspects of real-world lasers andrelated fields.

An invaluable text for the teaching, design, and development of gas sensor technology. This excellent resource synthesizes the fundamental principles of spectroscopy, laser physics, and photonics technology and engineering to enable the reader to fully understand the key issues and apply them in the design of optical gas absorption sensors. It provides a straightforward introduction to low-cost and highly versatile near-IR systems, as well as an extensive review of mid-IR systems. Fibre laser systems for spectroscopy are also examined in detail, especially the emerging technique of frequency comb spectroscopy. Featuring many examples of real-world application and performance, as well as MATLAB computer programs for modeling and simulation, this exceptional work is ideal for postgraduate students, researchers, and professional engineers seeking to gain an in-depth understanding of the principles and applications of fibre-optic and laser-based gas sensors.

Laser-Beam Interactions with Materials treats, from a physicist's point of view, the wide variety of processes that lasers can induce in materials. Physical phenomena ranging from optics to shock waves are discussed, as are applications in such diverse fields as semiconductor annealing, hole drilling and fusion plasma production. The approach taken emphasizes the fundamental ideas and their interrelations. The newcomer is given the necessary important background material, while the active research worker finds a critical and comprehensive review of the field.

Silver-Halide Recording Materials gives a detailed analysis of the theory, the characteristics, the manufacturing, and the processing methods of silver-halide materials used for the recording of holograms. Emphasis is placed on the selection of suitable silver-halide materials for conventional as well as special holographic applications. A detailed account of current developing and bleaching methods used in the production of silver-halide holograms is given. The author also supplies a large number of recipes for different types of processing baths. The text is complemented by a comprehensive list of references which will facilitate further study. The monograph will be suitable for courses in holography, where the student possesses some background knowledge about the general holographic process and the holographic technique.

This second edition in paperback provides an up-to-date review of the state of the art in different generation processes for ultrashort laser pulses. Inaddition, extensive applications in a wide range of fields - in physics,engineering, chemistry, and biology - are discussed: Eight chapters dealwith the following topics: -the generation of picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses -nonlinear wave interactions - new investigations in solid-state physics - recent progress in optoelectronics - advances in coherent material excitations - ultrafast vibrational lifetimes and energy redistribution in liquids - new observations of chemical reactions in the liquid state - the primary processes of important biological systems The book is essential reading for scientists and engineers who want to know what is going on in this rapidly advancing field. It should also interest graduate students and others who seek an introduction to laserpulses.

This book covers the entire field of tunable lasers, with the exception of dye lasers. Following an introductory chapter on common general principles, the remaining chapters - all written by leading experts in the field - each treat a particular class of tunable laser or process. In each case, a theoretical treatment is combined with a detailed practical description of the lasers and their operation. The book is written so as to be readily accessible to researchers and students alike. It is especially intended to enable the non-expert to choose the most appropriate tunable laser for a specific application. In this second edition an added chapter with extensive references to recent literature reviews the advances that haveoccured since the publication of the original edition.

Enhancement cavities are passive optical resonators in which continuous-wave laser radiation or pulses of a frequency comb are coherently overlapped, allowing for a power and intensity scaling of up to several orders of magnitude. A prominent application is the table-top generation of bright, laser-like radiation in spectral regions where direct laser action is inefficient or not available at all, via intracavity nonlinear optical processes. However, to exploit the full capacity of this technique further progress is needed. This thesis covers central problems of enhancement cavities, such as finding limitations in scaling the circulating power, measuring cavity parameters with high accuracy, tailoring transverse modes and coupling out radiation generated in the cavity. Unprecedented intracavity laser powers were demonstrated, surpassing previous results by an order of magnitude. As an application, harmonics of the fundamental 1040-nm radiation up to the 21st order are generated. Besides reporting these fine experimental results, the thesis provides an excellent introduction into the physics of enhancement cavities, supported by more than 140 references.

The third edition of Dye Lasers has been prepared in response to demand for an updated version of this well-known Topics volume. The classic chapters on continuous-wave dye lasers and properties of dye lasers are unchanged, but are now complemented by an additional chapter on continuous-wave dye lasers that takes account of recent advances. The chapters on principles of operation and mode-locking of dye lasers have been updated. Finally, the chapter on applications, which was originally written when a synopsis was still possible, has been eliminated completely in this edition, since nowadays dye lasers have penetrated almost all fields of science and technology and applications have become innumerable. In its place there is a new chapter on wavemeters. This book provides an excellent introduction to dye lasers and contains much useful information for scientists and engineers who deal with their applications.

This book is devoted to the investigations of non-stationary electromagnetic processes. The investigations are undertaken analytically mainly using the Volterra integral equations approach. The book contains a systematic statement of this approach for the investigations of electrodynamics phenomena in the time domain and new results and applications in microwave techniques and photonics. Particular consideration is given to electromagnetic transients in time-varying media and their potential applications. The approach is formulated and electromagnetic phenomena are investigated in detail for a hollow metal waveguide, which contains moving dielectric or plasma-bounded medium, and dielectric waveguides with time-varying medium inside a core.

It was a greatest pleasure for me to learn that Springer-Verlag wished to produce a second edition of my book. In this connection, Dr. H. Lotsch asked me to send hirn a list of misprints, mistakes, and inaccuracies that had been noticed in the first edition and to make corresponding corrections without disturbing the layout or the typo graphy too much. I accepted this opportunity with alacrity and, moreover, found some free places in the text where I was able to insert some concise, up-to-date information about new lasing compounds and stimulated emission channels. It was also possible to increase the number of reference citations. The reader of the second edition hence has access to more complete data on insulating laser crystals. However, sections on laser-crystal physics have not been updated, because a satisfactory de scription of the progress made in the last ten years in this field would have required the sections to be extended enormously or even a new book to be written. Moscow, July 1989 ALEXANDER A. KAMINSKII Preface to the First Edition The greatest reward for an author is the feeling of satisfaction he gets when it becomes c1ear to hirn that readers find his work useful. After my book appeared in the USSR in 1975 I received many letters from fellow physicists inc1uding colleagues from Western European countries and the USA."

In recent decades, there has been a phenomenal growth in the field of photonic crystal research and has emerged as an interdisciplinary area. Photonic crystals are usually nanostructured electromagnetic media consisting of periodic variation of dielectric constant, which prohibit certain electromagnetic wave frequency ranges called photonic bandgaps to propagate through them. Photonic crystals elicited numerous interesting features by unprecedented control of light and their exploitation is a promising tool in nanophotonics and designing optical components. The book 'Advances in Photonic Crystals and Devices' is designed with 15 chapters with introductory as well as research and application based contents. It covers the following highlighted features: Basics of photonic crystals and photonic crystal fibers Different theoretical as well as experimental approaches Current research advances from around the globe Nonlinear optics and super-continuum generation in photonic crystal fibers Magnetized cold plasma photonic crystals Liquid crystal defect embedded with graphene layers Biophysics and biomedical applications as optical sensors Two-dimensional photonic crystal demultiplexer Optical logic gates using photonic crystals A large number of references The goal of this book is to draw the background in understanding, fabrication and characterization of photonic crystals using a variety of materials and their applications in design of several optical devices. Though the book is useful as a reference for the researchers working in the area of photonics, optical computing and fabrication of nanophotonic devices, it is intended for the beginners like students pursuing their masters' degree in photonics.

This book contains a selection of papers and articles in instrumentation previously pub lished in technical periodicals and journals of learned societies. Our selection has been made to illustrate aspects of current practice and applications of instrumentation. The book does not attempt to be encyclopaedic in its coverage of the subject, but to provide some examples of general transduction techniques, of the sensing of particular measurands, of components of instrumentation systems and of instrumentation practice in two very different environments, the food industry and the nuclear power industry. We have made the selection particularly to provide papers appropriate to the study of the Open University course T292 Instrumentation. The papers have been chosen so that the book covers a wide spectrum of instrumentation techniques. Because of this, the book should be of value not only to students of instrumen tation, but also to practising engineers and scientists wishing to glean ideas from areas of instrumentation outside their own fields of expertise. In recent years instrumentation has emerged as a discipline in its own right rather than as an adjunct to traditional science and engineering disciplines. This development has been driven partly by the needs of industries for new and improved sensing techniques, and partly by new technological developments such as microprocessors, optical fibres and in tegrated silicon sensors which are revolutionising sensing and signal processing practice."

In umfangreichen morphologischen und funktionellen experimentellen Untersuchungen konnte nachgewiesen werden, daB mit dem Neodym-YAG- Laser ein FistelverschluB moglich ist. Damit steht ein Behandlungsverfahren zur Verfugung, Neugeborenen mit osophago-trachealen H-Fisteln und Sauglingen mit einem Rezidiv einer osophago-trachealen Fistel eine komplizierte Operation zu ersparen. Eine weitere Indikation sind Kinder mit isolierter rekto-urethraler bzw. rekto-vestibularer Fistel. Der nachste Schritt ist die klinische Anwendung der Laserokklusion. Histologische und histochemische Untersuchungen an parenchymatosen Organen nach Einsatz des Neodym-YAG- Lasers - Eine tierexperimentelle Studie K.H. DIETL, B. BOCK, H. MEIER, E. UNSOLD*, G.H. WILLITAL Chirurgische Universitats Klinik Erlangen (Dir. Prof. Dr. F.P. Gall) Kinderchirurgie (Prof. Dr. G.H. Willital) * Gesellschaft flir Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH Munchen, Abteilung Angewandte Optik (Leiter: Prof. Dr. W. Waidelich) EINLEITUNG Die Wechselwirkung der Laserstrahlung mit Gewebe besteht in erster Linie in thermischen Effekten. Die Warme, die bei der Absorption von Laserstrahlung entsteht, bewirkt die Denaturierung von EiweiBstoffen, Hamoglobin z.B. koaguliert bei 63 C innerhalb von Sekunden. Die Folge der Koagulation ist unter anderem der VerschluB von GefaBen. Der Laserschnitt ist daher ein Verfahren mit minimalem Blutverlust.