The PUILS series delivers up-to-date reviews of progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science, a newly emerging interdisciplinary research field spanning atomic and molecular physics, molecular science and optical science, which has been stimulated by the recent developments in ultrafast laser technologies. Each volume compiles peer-reviewed articles authored by researchers at the forefront of each their own subfields of UILS. Every chapter opens with an overview of the topics to be discussed, so that researchers unfamiliar to the subfield, as well as graduate students, can grasp the importance and attractions of the research topic at hand; these are followed by reports of cutting-edge discoveries. This eleventh volume covers a broad range of topics from this interdisciplinary research field, focusing on ultrafast dynamics of molecules in intense laser fields, pulse shaping techniques for controlling molecular processes, high-order harmonics generation and attosecond Photoionization, femtosecond laser induced filamentation and laser particle acceleration.

The unique feature of laser beams to deliver intense light at a specific photon energy makes lasers useful and enabling in the processing of advanced materials. The availability of high-intensity laser sources over a wide spectral and temporal range has inspired advances in both the fundamental understanding of laser-solid interactions and the application of lasers in materials processing and characterization. This progress has resulted in a growing acceptance of lasers in material and device synthesis. For instance, pulsed-laser deposition has emerged as an important process for growing high-quality metal-oxide thin films, including high-Tc superconductors, dielectric materials, magnetoresistive materials and semiconducting oxides. This book, first published in 2001, brings together materials science and technology communities to discuss recent progress of laser ablation both in fundamental studies and applications. Topics include: fundamentals of laser desorption and ablation; laser-driven nanoparticle formation; laser direct writing; lasers in micromachining and surface modification; laser-based deposition of oxides and pulsed-laser deposition.

This volume includes a collection of papers presented in Symposium TT, Laser-Material Interactions at Micro/Nanoscales, at the Spring 2011 Materials Research Society Meeting held April 2011 in San Francisco, California. Laser-material interactions are of fundamental importance in a wide range of materials-related research and areas of technology, including green energy, photonics, electronics, environmental studies, biomedical imaging, medical treatment, and optical spectroscopy. This symposium provided an interdisciplinary forum for scientists and engineers from different fields to discuss the physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical phenomena that occur during laser-material interactions at micro and nano scales. Research addressing new materials, processes, structures, and surfaces synthesized by these methods for emerging fields was discussed. The symposium was well attended and received a large number of abstract submissions in the areas of ultrafast laser processing, laser ablation and deposition, process controls, nanomaterials, surface modification, laser materials interactions, polymerization, lithography, and novel approaches in laser processing.

Generally a laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) is defined as "a device which uses a quantum mechanical effect, stimulated emission, to generate a coherent beam of light from a lasing medium of controlled purity, size, and shape." Laser material processing represents a great number of methods, which are rapidly growing in current and different industrial applications as new alternatives to traditional manufacturing processes. Nowadays, the use of lasers in manufacturing is an emerging area with a wide variety of applications, for example, in electronics, molds and dies, and biomedical applications.The purpose of this book is to present a collection of examples illustrating the state of the art and research developments to lasers in manufacturing, covering laser rapid manufacturing, lasers in metal forming applications, laser forming of metal foams, mathematical modeling of laser drilling, thermal stress analysis, modeling and simulation of laser welding, and the use of lasers in surface engineering.This book can be used as a research book for a final undergraduate engineering course or as a subject on lasers in manufacturing at the postgraduate level. Also, this book can serve as a useful reference for academics, laser researchers, mechanical, manufacturing, materials or physics engineers, or professionals in any related modern manufacturing technology.

Contents

1. Laser Rapid Manufacturing: Technology, Applications, Modeling and Future Prospects, Christ P. Paul, Pankaj Bhargava, Atul Kumar, Ayukt K. Pathak and Lalit M. Kukreja.2. Lasers in Metal Forming Applications, Stephen A. Akinlabi, Mukul Shukla, Esther T. Akinlabi and Tshilidzi Marwala.3. Laser Forming of Metal Foams, Fabrizio Quadrini, Denise Bellisario, Erica A. Squeo and Loredana Santo.4. Mathematical Modeling of Laser Drilling, Maturose Suchatawat and Mohammad Sheikh.5. Laser Cutting a Small Diameter Hole: Thermal Stress Analysis, Bekir S. Yilbas, Syed S. Akhtar and Omer Keles.6. Modeling and Simulation of Laser Welding, Karuppudaiyar R. Balasabramanian, Krishnasamy Sankaranarayanasamy and Gangusami N. Buvanashekaran.7. Lasers in Surface Engineering, Alberto H. Garrido, Ruben Gonzalez, Modesto Cadenas, Chin-Pei Wang and Farshid Sadeghi.

Rather different problems can be lumped together under the general term 'laser control of atoms and molecules'. They include the laser selection of atomic and molecular velocities for the purpose of Doppler-free spectroscopy, laser control of the position and velocity of atoms (i.e. laser trapping and cooling of atoms), and laser control of atomic and molecular processes (ionization, dissociation) with a view of detecting single atoms and molecules and particularly separating isotopes and nuclear isomers. Over the last decades the principal problems posed have been successfully solved, and many of them have evolved remarkably in the subsequent investigations of the international research community. For example, the solution of the problem of laser cooling and trapping of atoms has given birth to the new field of the physics of ultracold matter, i.e. quantum atomic and molecular gases. The laser non-coherent control of uni-molecular processes has found an interesting extension in the field of laser coherent control of molecules. The concept of laser control of position has been successfully demonstrated with microparticles (optical tweezers), concurrently with investigations into atomic control. The laser photo-ionization of molecules on surfaces has led to the development of novel techniques of laser-assisted mass spectrometry of macromolecules, and so on. The aim of this book is to review these topics from a unified or 'coherent' point of view. It will be useful for many readers in various fields of laser science and its applications.

This volume describes the theory and practical implementation of three techniques for the generation of blue-green light: nonlinear frequency conversion of infrared lasers, upconversion lasers, and wide bandgap semiconductor diode lasers. In addition, it looks at the various applications that have driven the development of compact sources of blue-green light, and reflects on the recent application of these lasers in high-density data storage, color displays, reprographics, and biomedical technology.

Written by those at the forefront of VCSEL research and development, provides a clear insight into the physics of VCSELs, as well as describing details of their fabrication and the massive range of their application. The chapters cover VCSEL design, emission from microcavities, growth, fabrication, and characterization, long and short-wavelength VCSELs, optical data links, and free space optical processing.

This book gathers the latest research from around the globe on the subject of lasers and optics research. It discusses topics that include selective laser sintering/melting and laser erosion with Nd: YAG lasers; pulsed laser deposition of nanostructured oxides; high efficiency diode pumped Nd - YAG lasers and in the micro- and nano-structuring of solids; and, features of polarisation and intensity profile of output beam from a dual-crystal solid-state laser system and context-sensitive recurrent filters for visual motion analysis.

An optical lattice is formed by the interference of counter-propagating laser beams, creating a spatially periodic polarization pattern. The resulting periodic potential may trap neutral atoms via the Stark shift. Atoms are cooled and congregate in the locations of potential minima. The resulting arrangement of trapped atoms resembles a crystal lattice. This book presents current research from across the globe in the study of optical lattices, including optical lattices prepared by laser treatment on polymers, peculiarities of magnetooptical properties in crystals with mixed valence centers; the interplay of optical lattices with localized nonlinearity and matter wave dark solitons in optical superlattices..

This second edition of C02 Laser Cutting , examines, and in places updates, the whole subject of co2 laser cutting. As with the original, the style is conversational and readable, with mathematical treatments kept to a minimum to give it its uniquely accessible feel. The discussion covers the cutting of metals and non metals on a wide range of levels, from practical advice and processing parameters to explanations of the physical and chemical reactions which take place in the cut zone. Materials covered include steels, wood, ceramics, polymers and non-ferrous alloys, and the information is taken from an extensive range of experimental and commercial results. The cutting process is dealt with in two ways: Practically - for the hands-on operator. Technically - for the researcher or scientist. The user-friendly yet informative style makes this both a practical handbook and research textbook, and is invaluable to anyone concerned with laser cutting, from job shop machine operators to post graduate researchers.

This is a new and greatly expanded edition of what has become one of the best known introductions to the principles, techniques and applications of optical holography. Where necessary, existing sections have been updated to cover several new techniques and applications and two new chapters have been added. After presenting the theory of holographic imaging and the various types of holograms, the author covers practical aspects of holography, as well as the production of holograms for display, color holography, and computer generated holograms. He then discusses a variety of applications of holography in detail, such as high resolution imaging, information storage and processing, vibration analysis, and holographic interferometry. Containing more than 1000 selected references, this book will be invaluable to anyone wishing to learn more about optical holography, as well as to established researchers and engineers in this field.

In den letzten Jahren haben Laseranwendungen in der Fertigungstechnik zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der seit 1973 in zweij{hrigem Turnus in M}nchen stattfindende internationale Kongre~ gibt, in Verbindung mit der bedeutendsten internationalen Fachmesse der Optoelektronik, einen ]berblick }ber den aktuellen Stand in Forschung, Technik und Medizin. InFortsetzung dieser Tradition vermittelt der 11. Internationale Kongress LASER 93 neue Erkenntnisse aus Grundlagenforschung, Entwicklung und Anwendung in der Praxis. Um dem breitgef{cherten Interessensspektrum von Forschern, Ingenieuren, [rzten und industriellen Anwendern Rechnung zu tragen, wurde der Kongre~ in neun Fachkongresse unterteilt. Der Band Laser in der Technik umfa~t folgende Themenkreise: Moderne Festk]rperlaser, Optische Me~- und Pr}ftechnik, Laser in der Fertigung, Optoelektronische Komponenten und Systeme, Laser in der Forschung, Microsensorik und Faseroptik, Optische Kommunikation und Informations}bertragung.

The ultra-bright femtosecond X-ray pulses provided by X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) open up opportunities to study the structure and dynamics of a wide variety of systems beyond what is possible with synchrotron sources. This book introduces the principles and properties of currently operating and future XFELs, before outlining applications in materials science, chemistry and biology. Edited by pioneers in this exciting field, and featuring contributions from leading researchers, this book is ideal for researchers working with XFELs, synchrotron radiation, ultrafast and femtosecond crystallography and femtosecond spectroscopy.

Laser Fundamentals provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the physical and engineering principles of laser operation and design. Simple explanations, based throughout on key underlying concepts, lead the reader logically from the basics of laser action to advanced topics in laser physics and engineering. Much new material has been added to this second edition, especially in the areas of solid-state lasers, semiconductor lasers, and laser cavities. This 2004 edition contains a new chapter on laser operation above threshold, including extensive discussion of laser amplifiers. The clear explanations, worked examples, and many homework problems will make this book invaluable to undergraduate and first-year graduate students in science and engineering taking courses on lasers. The summaries of key types of lasers, the use of many unique theoretical descriptions, and the extensive bibliography will also make this a valuable reference work for researchers.

This concise and accessible book provides a detailed introduction to the fundamental principles of atomic physics at an undergraduate level. Concepts are explained in an intuitive way and the book assumes only a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and electromagnetism. With a compact format specifically designed for students, the first part of the book covers the key principles of the subject, including the quantum theory of the hydrogen atom, radiative transitions, the shell model of multi-electron atoms, spin-orbit coupling, and the effects of external fields. The second part provides an introduction to the four key applications of atomic physics: lasers, cold atoms, solid-state spectroscopy and astrophysics. This highly pedagogical text includes worked examples and end of chapter problems to allow students to test their knowledge, as well as numerous diagrams of key concepts, making it perfect for undergraduate students looking for a succinct primer on the concepts and applications of atomic physics.

Dieses Lehrbuch vermittelt die Photochemie als innovatives und vielseitiges Konzept fur die Gestaltung eines modernen und nachhaltigen Chemieunterrichts. Es ist eine absolute Pflichtlekture fur aktive Chemielehrer und Lehramtsstudierende und mit seinen Experimenten auf das 21. Jahrhundert ausgerichtet.

Although the basic principles of lasers have remained unchanged in the past 20 years, there has been a shift in the kinds of lasers generating interest. Providing a comprehensive introduction to the operating principles and applications of lasers, this second edition of the classic book on the subject reveals the latest developments and applications of lasers. Placing more emphasis on applications of lasers and on optical physics, the book's self-contained discussions will appeal to physicists, chemists, optical scientists, engineers, and advanced undergraduate students.

Sigrid Zobl beschreibt eine low-tec-high-yield-Abformmethode fur synthetische und organische Oberflachen, die schnell, kostengunstig, mit wenig Materialaufwand und ohne aufwandiges Equipment durchfuhrbar ist, um Strukturfarben und eventuell ihre Funktionen zu replizieren. Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit abgeformten 22 organischen Vorlagen stammen aus der Gruppe der Flora und Fauna. Die Autorin zeigt, dass CD-R-Positiv-Abdrucke nicht nur einen direkten Anwendungsbereich als kunstlerisches Stilmittel liefern, sondern dass die positiven Epoxidharz-Abdrucke auch zur Anlage einer Datenbank fur biomimetische Oberflachen dienen koennen. Daruber hinaus liefern die Abdrucke neue Erkenntnisse fur die Grundlagenforschung.

In Laser Physics the interaction of radiation and matter, and the principles of laser operation are treated at a level suitable for fourth-year undergraduate courses or introductory graduate courses in physics, chemistry or engineering. The factors which determine efficiency, wavelength coverage, output power, and beam quality of the different classes of laser are treated both in terms of fundamental theory and practical construction aspects. Details of established types of solid-state, semiconductor, and gas lasers are examined together with the techniques that enable their output to be converted widely across the spectrum. The latest advances in high power fibre lasers, femtosecond lasers, and X-ray lasers are explained. The text is liberally illustrated with more than 300 diagrams. An extensive bibliography is provided, together with numerical problems in each chapter. Solutions are available via the web.
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Daniel Szczepanski zeigt, dass sich die fur die hohe Effizienz noetige Laserintensitat in der Fuge- und Strahltechnik negativ auf das thermische Verhalten der optischen Komponenten auswirkt. Als Folge daraus ist mit einem erhoehten Grataufwurf zu rechnen, der an der Lasereintrittsseite zu beobachten ist. Ebenso sinkt die Genauigkeit des Prozesses mit Folgen fur die Wirtschaftlichkeit des neuartigen Trennverfahrens. Der Einfluss der thermischen Belastung wird vom Autor in zahlreichen Untersuchungen erforscht und bewertet.

Dieses Buch zur Experimentalphysik ist der vierte Band der lange erwarteten Ausarbeitung der uberaus beliebten Vorlesungen von Joachim Heintze. Dieser Band beschaftigt sich mit den Grundlagen zu den Wellenerscheinungen und der Optik, wie sie an der Universitat in den Experimentalphysikkursen im Bachelor-Studiengang gelehrt werden. Die Liebe des Autors fur die Physik und fur spannende und historische Experimente ist in das Buch eingegangen und in allen Kapiteln unvermindert zu spuren.Hier finden Sie alle fur das Bachelor- und das Nebenfachstudium der Physik relevanten Themen in anschaulicher und besonders gut verstandlicher Form mit vielen Abbildungen prasentiert. UEbungsaufgaben mit ausfuhrlichen Loesungen erleichtern die Prufungsvorbereitung. Ob Physik Ihr Hauptfach sein mag oder ein Begleitfach in jedem Fall werden Sie von den klaren Erlauterungen und den eingangigen Darstellungen profitieren und vieles mitnehmen, das Sie auf Ihrem weiteren Weg begleiten wird.

In diesem essential wird erlautert, was die Lichtblattmikroskopie von gewoehnlicher Lichtmikroskopie unterscheidet. Der Autor beleuchtet kurz die Historie solcher Verfahren, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf den technischen Konzepten liegt. Schliesslich werden aktuelle Erscheinungsformen vorgestellt, ohne in die Tiefen der Ingenieurskunst hinabzusteigen. Die Ungewoehnlichkeit der Lichtblattmikroskopie besteht nicht nur darin, dass Betrachtung und Beleuchtung unter einem rechten Winkel stattfinden, vielmehr gewinnt diese Art der Mikroskopie vor allem dadurch, dass durch die Art der Beleuchtung nur ein ganz kleiner Teil des Praparates durchstrahlt wird. Die geeignete Auswahl der optischen Elemente sorgt dafur, dass das beobachtete Bild keine unscharfen Anteile mehr enthalt.