Due to their unique flexibility and high reproducibility, lasers have been traditionally used in processes such as cutting, drilling, machining, welding or cladding. In recent years, with the development of ultrafast laser sources, (ie: laser sources emitting pulses with durations ranging from picoseconds to femtoseconds), lasers also emerged as a new and promising tool for the texturing of virtually all kinds of surfaces. In Chapter One, a brief overview of the lasers and techniques utilised in micro- and nano-surface modifications is presented, followed by a detailed discussion of the surface chemistry and topography effect on bacteria aggregation and adhesion. Also, the role of the laser-induced superficial patterns on the response and sensitivity of bio-implants will be explored in depth. Chapter Two reports on cardiovascular laser application by using the open-irrigated ELMA catheter RytmoLas as an intriguing alternative for catheter ablation of arrhythmias. Chapter Three describes a novel feature designed for ELAI in which different colouration codes for the different metals are applied, enabling a good regional allocation of a specific metal within the tissues. Chapter Four focuses on laser ablation processing of metallic and polymeric thin films used in microelectromechanical systems technology for the fabrication of microfluidic devices with integrated electrodes on printed circuit boards (PCB-MEMS). Chapter Five presents typical micro and nanotextured surfaces created by direct irradiation under stationary and non-stationary conditions and the mechanisms behind their development and growth are discussed. Chapter Six describes a novel three-dimensional (3-D) fabrication process of micro-scale shell resonator made of single-crystal diamond (SCD). Chapter Seven discusses the data about structural and morphological characteristics of nano-sized transition-metal oxides of zirconium and molybdenum produced by laser ablation in water.

Lasers can alter the surface composition and properties of materials in a highly controllable way, which makes them efficient and cost-effective tools for surface engineering. This book provides an overview of the different techniques, the laser-material interactions and the advantages and disadvantages for different applications. Part one looks at laser heat treatment, part two covers laser additive manufacturing such as laser-enhanced electroplating, and part three discusses laser micromachining, structuring and surface modification. Chemical and biological applications of laser surface engineering are explored in part four, including ways to improve the surface corrosion properties of metals.

This book provides detailed and current information on using fullerenes (bucky-balls) in photodynamic therapy (PDT), one of the most actively studied applications of photonic science in healthcare. This will serve as a useful source for researchers working in photomedicine and nanomedicine, especially those who are investigating PDT for cancer treatment and infectious disease treatment. The book runs the gamut from an introduction to the history and chemistry of fullerenes and some basic photochemistry, to the application of fullerenes as photosensitizers for cancer and antimicrobial inactivation.

Pathogens such as viruses and bacteria are among the greatest threats to human health worldwide. In today's era of population growth and international travel, new technologies are desperately needed to combat the spread of known and emerging pathogens. This book presents a new concept for pathogen inactivation called selective photonic disinfection (SEPHODIS). The SEPHODIS technology inactivates pathogens by mechanical means, a total paradigm shift from traditional chemical and physical methods. The unique strength of SEPHODIS resides in its capability to inactivate pathogens while preserving desirable materials such as human cells and proteins. The technology also avoids the need to use chemicals, drastically reducing the risk of side effects. These properties make SEPHODIS ideal for important biomedical applications such as safeguarding blood products and therapeutics against pathogens, as well as producing effective and safe vaccines to combat infectious disease. Written in a style that is both technically informative and easy to comprehend for the layman reader, this book illustrates the story of SEPHODIS from its initial discovery and bench studies to its real-world applications.

Laser Scanning devices (LADAR for Laser Detection and Ranging) are used in construction projects to capture as-built data. They can rapidly generate large unstructured point clouds. This study describes an experiment in which an I-beam on a concrete floor surface is scanned, and the resulting point cloud data used to calculate its pose. Two approaches for segmenting potential target objects are described. Principal axis analysis is used to determine the pose of the I-beam. Bounding boxes are then formed around it and compared to an ideal bounding box generated from the known geometric specifications of the I-beam of interest. A separate laserbased site measurement system (SMS) was used to measure points on the Ibeams to form reference data for estimating the closeness of fit of computed pose of the I-beam to measured pose of the I-beam. Three spheres were used as a means of registering the scan and SMS axes.

Materials and Reliability Handbook for Semiconductor Optical and Electron Devices provides comprehensive coverage of reliability procedures and approaches for electron and photonic devices. These include lasers and high speed electronics used in cell phones, satellites, data transmission systems and displays. Lifetime predictions for compound semiconductor devices are notoriously inaccurate due to the absence of standard protocols. Manufacturers have relied on extrapolation back to room temperature of accelerated testing at elevated temperature. This technique fails for scaled, high current density devices. Device failure is driven by electric field or current mechanisms or low activation energy processes that are masked by other mechanisms at high temperature. The Handbook addresses reliability engineering for III-V devices, including materials and electrical characterization, reliability testing, and electronic characterization. These are used to develop new simulation technologies for device operation and reliability, which allow accurate prediction of reliability as well as the design specifically for improved reliability. The Handbook emphasizes physical mechanisms rather than an electrical definition of reliability. Accelerated aging is useful only if the failure mechanism is known. The Handbook also focuses on voltage and current acceleration stress mechanisms.

This book illustrates the history of Atomic Physics and shows how its most recent advances allow the possibility of performing precise measurements and achieving an accurate control on the atomic state. Written in an introductory style, this book is addressed to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as to more experienced researchers who need to remain up-to-date with the most recent advances. The book focuses on experimental investigations, illustrating milestone experiments and key experimental techniques, and discusses the results and the challenges of contemporary research. Emphasis is put on the investigations of precision physics: from the determination of fundamental constants of Nature to tests of General Relativity and Quantum Electrodynamics; from the realization of ultra-stable atomic clocks to the precise simulation of condensed matter theories with ultracold gases. The book discusses these topics while tracing the evolution of experimental Atomic Physics from traditional laser spectroscopy to the revolution introduced by laser cooling, which allows the manipulation of atoms at a billionth of a degree above absolute zero and reveals new frontiers of precision in atomic spectroscopy.

A seminal early text on lenticular and holographic imaging, Takanori Okoshi's "Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques" provides analysis and insights into the fundamentals of 3-D perception and the creation of 3-D imagery as well as a history of its technological development.

Thermal treatment of materials occupies a significant, increasing proportion of MSE activity and is an integral component of modern curricula as well as a highly monetized component of industrial production. Laser processing of materials offers advantages over conventional methods of processing. Some of these advantages include fast processing, precision of operation, low cost and local treatment. Analytical modeling of laser processing gives insight into the physical and mathematical aspects of the problem and provides useful information on process optimization. This work from Professor Yilbas, a world-recognized expert in laser materials processing, provides the necessary depth and weight of analysis, collating mathematical and physical modeling and experimentation with the necessary discussion of applications. It meets coherence in topics with high technical quality. It encompasses the basics of laser processing and provides an introduction to analytical modeling of the process. Fundamentals and formulation of the heating process are presented for numerous heating conditions.
Detailed analytical solutions for laser heating problems (including thermal stress) aids analysis of linkage between process parameters, such as laser pulse and laser intensity, and material response, such as temperature and stress Encompasses practical solutions to thermal heating problems (unlike the length solutions of numerical schemes) Extensive fourier and non-fourier treatments and consequent analysis provides improved understanding of mathematical transformations

This book presents current research in the study of lasers. Topics discussed include recent progress of high peak power solid state lasers; laser annealing of composite materials with metal nanoparticles; optical properties of rare earth ions induced by femtosecond laser; high intensity laser-matter interactions; low-dimensional models for characterising mode-locked fibre lasers; single-frequency fibre laser; ZnO nanostructures deposited by laser ablation; diode laser forming of steel parts and laser cladding.

"Semiconductors and Semimetals" has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. Originally widely known as the "Willardson and Beer" Series, it has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. The series publishes timely, highly relevant volumes intended for long-term impact and reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field. The volumes in "Semiconductors and Semimetals" have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in academia, scientific laboratories and modern industry.
The series publishes timely, highly relevant volumes intended for long-term impact and reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field.

In this book, various multivariate statistical techniques are applied in order to assess and predict the experiment. There are developed multiple linear and quasilinear regression and other parametric and non-parametric models for modelling laser efficiency and output power. The best models are obtained using non-parametric method of multivariate adaptive regression splines which can account for the local changes in the behaviour of the investigated quantities and possess powerful predictive capabilities. The obtained results can be considered a first attempt and foundation for the statistical processing of the accumulated experimental data for guiding future experiment in the field of lasers

Starting with basic physics, this monograph is written in 12 chapters and covers: laser beam propagation in atmosphere and effects like molecular absorption and scattering, random refraction and dispersion affecting intensity and collimation; laser sources like solid state and OPO, gaseous, semiconductors; optical resonators used for better beam quality and frequency stability are discussed; pumping/excitation of laser materials and cooling devices; Q-switching techniques like mechanical, electro-optics and passive elements for generation of giant pulse; electronics, optics and thin film technology including fabrication and specifications of critical components used in range finders; photo multiplier, avalanche photodiodes, MCT and InSb detectors are described for laser echo detection; design of ranging system, including assembly and testing, recent development; laser safety and precautions for operation and maintenance of ranging systems (318 pages, 248 references, 133 figures and 21 photos).

REVIEWS: "The first edition of this annual directory covers artistic holography, with future plans to include other aspects of this fast-developing technology. The non-technical introductory text describes holographic processes and a glossary defines terms. A well-organized international directory, arranged in four sections, includes vendors by type, procedures, sellers, holography in education and equipment. Each section provides a chart with vendors and categories followed by an alphabetical list of companies by country, with addresses, telephone numbers, and category codes. The chart on education quickly identifies museums and workshops. RECOMMENDED .. as the most current and comprehensive directory of holography." - Library Journal******************************"This work is packed with a wide variety of information about the holography industry. The cover and several insert pages illustrate different types of holograms covered in the text. Librarians will find the topical chapters, which explain and illustrate most areas in holography, very worthwhile. Chapter 10 provides conventional MarketPlace information, such as copyright holder, manufacturer, chain of distribution, distributor, wholesaler, and retailer. It also covers the year in review. Chapters 11 through 13 deal with holography business, business by category, and individuals in the industry. The volume concludes with a bibliography and glossary, which explains such terms as cross talk, embossed hologram, rainbow hologram, and shadowgram. " - American Reference Books Annual*********************************"The latest edition presents many changes: an enhanced layout, new contributions and hologram science, numerous samples, and addresses of all hologram companies in the world. As a standard library reference, it packs in everything businesses need for acquiring, selling and understanding holographs and their applications." - The Bookwatch******************************"Holography MarketPlace is an extensive international directory of display holography. It is edited by Franz Ross and Elizabeth Yerkes, and published by Ross Books of Berkeley, CA. It begins with an introduction to holography for the beginner and explains display holography with chapters on types of holograms, artwork, contracts, producers, buying and selling holograms, education, equipment and supplies, a bibliography, and an excellent glossary.The chapter on producers lists by country with a chart of the various services claimed to be offered. This directory is a tremendous effort and has produced a useful list of holography resources.Holography MarketPlace belongs on every holographic reference shelf and will likely get even better with the coming issues. I commend Franz Ross for seeing the importance of holography and being courageous enough to publish books in this little understood field of science and art; includes charts for quick reference. Of special note is the bibliography of over 200 holography books and articles and a listing of University of California library call letters "- L.A.S.E.R. NEWS**************************************"Bearing a startling hologram of a skull on its front cover, this volume is a complete, up-to-date reference guide to its subject. For the uninitiated, the first two chapters give a thorough introduction to this complex technology. There is also a chapter on available educational facilities, plus a glossary of technical terms.As publishers, Ross Books are in the unique position of offering advertising pages which are collector's items in themselves, in this case from American Bank Note Hologaphics (4pp), Light Impressions and Max Image." - EuroPrinter

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. The State of the Art in High-Power Laser TechnologyFilled with full-color images, High-Power Laser Handbook offers comprehensive details on the latest advances in high-power laser development and applications. Performance parameters for each major class of lasers are described. The book covers high-power gas, chemical, and free-electron lasers and then discusses semiconductor diode lasers, along with the associated technologies of packaging, reliability, and beam shaping and delivery. Current research and development in solid-state lasers is described as well as scaling approaches for high CW powers, high pulse energies, and high peak powers. This authoritative work also addresses the emergence of fiber lasers and concludes by reviewing various methods for beam combining. Coverage Includes: Carbon dioxide lasers Excimer lasers Chemical lasers High-power free-electron lasers Semiconductor laser diodes High-power diode laser arrays Introduction to high-power solid-state lasers Zig-zag slab lasers ThinZag high-power laser development Thin disk lasers Heat capacity lasers Ultrafast solid-state lasers Ultrafast lasers in the thin disk geometry The National Ignition Facility laser Optical fiber lasers Pulsed fiber lasers High-power ultrafast fiber laser systems High-power fiber lasers for industry and defense Beam combining

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is at present one of the most interesting technique for thin film deposition. In the PLD process a film is formed by ablating a solid target with energetic laser pulses and collecting the material of interest on a substrate placed a few cm from the target. According to its ability to carry the stoichiometry from the target to the substrate and to its relatively high growth rate (~0.1 nm/pulse), PLD is an attractive technique for compound thin film deposition. This technique offers the possibility of depositing thin films on room-temperature or low-temperature substrates, due to the high energy of the species forming the laser plasma plume expanding from the target to the substrate. This book reviews research on the depositon of c-BN films by using PLD, ion-assisted PLD and other laser-assisted procedures.

It is expected that ongoing advances in optics will revolutionise the 21st century as they have the last quarter of the 20th. Such fields as communications, materials science, computing and medicine are leaping forward based on developments in optics. This series presents leading edge research on optics and lasers from researchers around the globe.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Take Your Imagination to Another DimensionThis wickedly inventive guide explores the art and science of holography and shows you how to create your own intriguing holograms using inexpensive materials. Holography Projects for the Evil Genius explains the tools and techniques you need to know to represent three dimensions on a flat, two-dimensional plane. Using easy-to-find components and equipment, this do-it-yourself book presents a wide variety of holography projects--including science fair ideas--that are guaranteed to impress. You'll find detailed guidelines and parameters as well as discussions of the theory behind the practice. Holography Projects for the Evil Genius: Features step-by-step instructions and helpful illustrations for each project Allows you to customize your projects Includes details on the scientific principles behind the projects Removes the frustration factor--all required parts are listed, along with sources Enlightening coverage of: The history of holography Human vision basics Practical optics How to bend and distort laser light to form a hologram Holographic chemistry Setting up your holography workshop Working with lasers, glass plates, and film Basic to advanced holographic setups Advanced holographic chemical preparations Computer-generated holography Electronic circuits for holographers

This book presents and discusses a promising technology for fabrication of the one- and two-dimensional nanoperiodic structures on the solid surfaces by direct two- and four-beam standing wave pulsed laser modification. This method being developed extensively at present is very promising for application in nanoelectronics, data storage, integrated optics, and is considered to be a promising alternative to X-ray lithography in a wide range of applications.

Beam is the story of the race to make the laser, the three intense years from the birth of the laser idea to its breakthrough demonstration in a California laboratory. The quest was a struggle against physics, established wisdom, and the establishment itself. In 1954, Charles Townes invented the laser's microwave cousin, the maser. The next logical step was to extend the same physical principles to the shorter wavelengths of light, but the idea did not catch fire until October 1957, when Townes asked Gordon Gould about Gould's research on using light to excite thallium atoms. Each took the idea and ran with it. The independent-minded Gould sought the fortune of an independent inventor; the professorial Townes sought the fame of scientific recognition. Townes enlisted the help of his brother-in-law, Arthur Schawlow, and got Bell Labs into the race. Gould turned his ideas into a patent borth ation and a million-dollar defense contract. They soon had company. Ali Javan, one of Townes's former students, began pulling 90-hour weeks at Bell Labs with colleague Bill Bennett. And far away in California a bright young physicist named Ted Maiman became a very dark horse in the race. While Schawlow proclaimed that ruby could never make a laser, Maiman slowly convinced himself it would. As others struggled with recalcitrant equipment and military secrecy, Maiman built a tiny and elegant device that fit in the palm of his hand. His ruby laser worked the first time he tried it, on May 16, 1960, but afterwards he had to battle for acceptance as the man who made the first laser. Beam is a fascinating tale of a remarkable and powerful invention that has become a symbol of modern technology.

Over 20 years ago, world-wide optical communications was not possible; critical pieces of technology in both computing and communication were just emerging. The new communication technology has fuelled the exponential growth of the phenomenon known as the Internet. The exploding demand for Internet access, telecommunications, and broadband services has led to a push for greater light-wave transmission capacity. Optical fibre networks now carry a large amount of voice and data traffic all over the world. This new and important book gathers the latest research from around the globe on the subject of lasers and optics research with related topics such as: low-energy lasers in orthodontics, semiconductor lasers in endoscopy, cooling and manipulating atoms by semiconductor lasers, and others.

This text is designed to introduce engineers-in-training to the basic concepts and operation of 3D imaging LADAR systems. The book covers laser range equations; sources of noise in LADAR signals; LADAR waveforms; the effects of wavefront propagation on LADAR beams through optical systems and atmospheric turbulence; algorithms for detecting, ranging, and tracking targets; and comprehensive system simulation. Computer code for accomplishing the many examples appearing throughout the text is provided. Exercises appear at the end of each chapter, allowing students to apply concepts studied throughout the text to fundamental problems encountered by LADAR engineers. Also included is a CD-ROM with the MATLAB code from the examples.

Lasers are an interesting option as a light source for projection displays, because of their high directivity. As a result, a high brightness light source with a small beam profile, a good beam quality and good collimation characteristics is obtained. This allows the application of small light engines and display panels without loosing much intensity. As a result, a small and quite cheap projector can be gained. If the panel costs are still too high, laser sources can also be used to realize even cheaper architectures that use 1D display modules or a flying spot scanner. Additionally, the laser beam is highly monochromatic, so a projection unit using three primaries can cover a large colour gamut. The intention of this book is to give an overview on state of the art projection techniques, applicable laser sources and challenges in setting up micro- or even high power laser front projection systems.

It is expected that on going advances in optics will revolutionise the 21st century as they began doing in the last quarter of the 20th. Such fields as communications, materials science, computing and medicine are leaping forward based on developments in optics. This series presents leading edge research on optics and lasers from researchers spanning the globe.