This book explores whether the judicial developments related to the Supplementary Protection Certificate (SPC) regulation correspond to the objectives of the European legislator. Examining the role of SPCs for medicinal products in the European patent system, it highlights both the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the respective judgements of the member states’ national courts. With rigorous analysis of the relevant case law, Supplementary Protection Certificates for Medicinal Products provides a unique and holistic insight into the interaction of the SPC system with the Unified Patent Court, as well as with the principles laid down by competition law. Accompanied by specific proposals suggesting legislative change, the analysis of doctrinal issues demonstrates how the regulatory concerns regarding the instrumentalization of the SPC regulation can be resolved. Providing a vertical overview of the regulatory issues related to the provision for SPCs for medicinal products, this comprehensive book will be an essential read for scholars in the fields of biotechnology and pharmaceutical law and intellectual property law. With insights into the interaction of the SPC system with the unified patent system, it will also appeal to both legal practitioners and policymakers in the field.

As a conflict ends and the parties begin working towards a durable peace, practitioners and peacebuilders are faced with the possibilities and challenges of building new or reformed political, security, judicial, social, and economic structures. This Handbook analyzes these elements of post-conflict state building through the lens of international law, which provides a framework through which the authors contextualize and examine the many facets of state building in relation to the legal norms, processes, and procedures that guide such efforts across the globe. The volume aims to provide not only an introduction to and explanation of prominent topics in state building, but also a perceptive analysis that augments ongoing conversations among researchers, lawyers, and advocates engaged in the field. The Research Handbook on Post-Conflict State Building provides keen insights for faculty, graduate and undergraduate students in programs related to peace and conflict, governance, and international justice and law. Practitioners such as United Nations staff, government officials, international institution and think tanks engaged in post-conflict state building will glean important lessons and guidance from the Handbook's chapters. Contributors include: T. Beckelman, S.-T. Bounfour, M.J. Day, M. de Hoon, Y.M. Dutton, R. Friedrich, C.M. Goebel, S.L. Hodgkinson, D.E.W. Johnson, R. Kraemer, C.D. Kreutzner, J.C. Levy, A.C. Mann, B. McGonigle Leyh, N. Narayan, S. Pearlman, F.J. Pecci, R.M. Perito, D.J. Planty, B. Popken, M. Sterio, J. Trahan, G. Visoka, P.R. Williams, J.P. Worboys

Harvard Law School is one of the premier law schools in the world. It as well as other top schools draws thousands of applicants from the best colleges and companies. With only a limited number of slots for so many talented applicants, the admissions officers have become more and more selective every year, the competition has become fierce, and even the best and brightest could use an edge.
This completely new edition of "55 Successful Harvard Law School Application Essays" is the best resource for anyone looking for that edge. Through the most up-to-date sample essays from the Harvard Law School students who made the cut and insightful analysis from the staff at "The Harvard Crimson," it shows you how best to:
* Argue your case effectively
* Arrange your accomplishments for maximum impact
* Avoid common pitfalls
"55 Successful Harvard Law School Application Essays "guides you toward writing essays that do more than simply list your background and accomplishments. These are essays that reveal your passion for the law as well as the discipline you bring to this demanding profession and will help you impress any admissions department. The all-new essays and straightforward and time-saving advice will give you all the insider tips you'll need to write the essays that will get you into the best law schools in the world.

In recent years the UNCHR has expressed increasing concern at how war, violence and persecution have resulted in an age of unprecedented mass displacement. The global financial crisis, the rise of populist leaders, and the growth of anti-EU parties, raises the need to interrogate the 'refugee', 'migrant', 'citizen', 'stateless', 'legal', and 'illegal' as concepts. This Research Handbook maintains that refugees need to be seen as core indicators of the failure of national, international, economic, and political governance, and provides critical analyses of the legal ordering of refugees, and gives a glimpse at what the future of refugee law could - and should - look like. Bringing together experts in the field, the innovative and groundbreaking chapters provide a critical perspective on the legal landscape for refugees at a time when the politics and legitimacy of transnational regulatory governance are in question as never before. In an age of growing ethnic nationalism and anti-immigrant rhetoric, the contributing authors examine key issues surrounding refugees and migration, and build a new outlook on social justice, as the post-war international order ends. With its informative analysis and moving accounts, this Research Handbook will be a critical tool for students of law, especially those with an interest in human rights and migration. Its insights will also be valuable for policy practitioners and policymakers. Contributors include: S. Barichello, M. Bolhuis, E. Bruce-Jones, E. Darling, M. Giuffre, C. Higgins, Y. Holiday, N. Honkala, M. Ineli-Cigar, S. Juss, T. Khan, J. Lehman, P. Mathew, J. Mitchell, R. Moffatt, V. Moreno-Lax, B. Ni Gharainne, K. Ogg, J. Rikhoff, J. Schultz, M. Scott, J. Simeon, S. Singer, V. Stoyanova, N.F. Tan, S. Taylor, J. Wessels, J. Wijk, T. Wood

This timely book examines the reform of maritime law under the influence of environmental principles and the effects of these changes in the legal relationships between maritime stakeholders. Providing an integrated assessment of the use of environmental principles in the governance of shipping and maritime law, it argues that normative barriers supported by short term financial interests, the balance of power between states and the technocratic character of the IMO are delaying necessary changes to support sustainable development and thus endanger the marine environment. Offering a complete review of the environmental impacts of shipping, Michael Tsimplis analyses the compatibility of maritime conventions with environmental norms, developing a methodology using publicly available documents of the International Maritime Organisation. He discusses what would be required in terms of governance for sustainability in the maritime sector, proposing a number of ways of removing barriers within a strategy of zero discharges, zero emissions, and zero impact. Scholars and students of maritime and environmental law will find this book's analysis of how environmental principles affect both public and private law aspects of the shipping sector illuminating. It will also be of interest to policy makers and regulators in the maritime and environment sectors looking for an overview of the issues involved in improving environmental performance in shipping. - Regina Asariotis, United

This book studies three interrelated frontiers in civil justice from European and national perspectives, combining theory with policy and insights from practice: the interplay between private and public justice, the digitization of justice, and litigation funding. These current topics are viewed against the backdrop of the requirements of effective access to justice and the overall goal of establishing a sustainable civil justice system in Europe. With perspectives from an impressive selection of contributors the book takes on a pan-European perspective and zooms in on several European jurisdictions, thereby providing a holistic exploration of current civil justice debates and frontiers. It includes chapters dedicated to the interaction between public and private justice, the digitisation of both private dispute resolution and court litigation, including the rapid development and use of advanced forms of Artificial Intelligence, and the funding of justice, especially collective actions and settlements by means of private funding and common funds. Addressing these key issues in the current European debate on civil justice, this book will be an ideal read for academics and policy makers interested in the most recent frontier developments and innovations. Legal practitioners will also benefit from the insight into complex topics such as litigation funding, legal conflicts in a digital age, and resolving disputes in a private setting.

Examining the role of shareholders in modern companies, this timely book argues that more should be expected of shareholders, both morally and legally. It explores the privileged position of shareholders within the corporate law system and the unique rights and duties awarded to them in contrast to other corporate actors. Introducing the concept of shareholders as responsible agents whose actions and inactions should be judged on that basis, Stephen Bottomley unites a number of distinct corporate governance discussions including stewardship, activism and shareholder liability. The Responsible Shareholder argues that when companies cause harm to the environment, inflict injury on workers, or commit financial fraud, it is not just the actions of the directors, managers, advisers or regulators that should be scrutinized. Instead of consigning shareholders to a passive or marginal role in the drive for greater corporate responsibility, this book recommends that it is time to hold this key constituency in the company decision-making structure accountable. Comparative and interdisciplinary, this book will be a key resource for students and scholars of corporate law and governance, business law and insolvency law. It will also be of value to company law policy makers, corporate interest groups and think tanks engaged in corporate law reform.

This thoroughly updated and revised second edition combines practical and theoretical analyses to cover a wide array of cutting edge issues in international environmental law (IEL). The Research Handbook provides a comprehensive view of the complexity of IEL, both as a field in its own right, and as part of the wider system of international law. Expert contributors examine the key theories and concepts of IEL governance and provide an in-depth analysis of IEL principles, supplemented in this new edition by a consideration of the significant actors involved in international environmental law-making and governance. Chapters go on to discuss practical issues, such as dispute settlement and compliance, and analyse selected environmental protection regimes, as well as including a brand new section covering IEL litigation in relation to human rights and climate change. Providing a thorough examination of the major topics in the field, this Handbook will be an indispensable resource for scholars and students of international environmental law. Practitioners and policymakers will also find it useful for its coverage of developments in environmental litigation and the actors involved.

This comprehensive Research Handbook offers an innovative analysis of environmental law in the global South. It contributes to an important reassessment of some of the major concepts underlying environmental law, from a perspective that emphasises how their application affects poor and marginalised people as well as the wider ecosystems in which they live. Through legal analysis of environmental issues themselves, rather than the often limited discussion of existing legal instruments, this Research Handbook discusses areas rarely prioritised in environmental law, such as land rights, and underlines how these intersect with issues including poverty, livelihoods and the use of natural resources. Featuring contributors largely from, or working in, the global South with a variety of approaches and backgrounds, the Research Handbook challenges familiar narratives around development and sustainability in this context and provides new insights into environmental rights and justice. Researchers and postgraduate students will find this Research Handbook's unique perspective invaluable, particularly in the context of a growing interest in 'people-centric' environmental law. Policymakers and activists in the global South will also be interested in its analysis of key issues and suggestions for alternative models and future policy. Contributors include: S. Adelman, U. Baxi, V. Bhagat-Ganguly, S. Bhattacharjee, L. Bhullar, C.R. Bijoy, P. Cullet, J. Dehm, B. Gebremichael, K. Gill, S. Gopalakrishnan, E. Grant, M. Gupta, T. Kaime, P. Kameri-Mbote, A.H. Khan, M. Kidd, K. Kohli, S. Koonan, A. Kothari, L. Kotze, F. Lesniewska, L. Lohmann, M. Menon, F. Padel, U. Ramanthan, J. Razzaque, G. Sahu, P. Sampat

This edition of finding your way in academic writing, the authors focused on the theme of writing as thinking. The authors focus on a new theme: "applying knowledge to writing performance". This shift introduces readers to the notion of applying knowledge sourced from literature, as well as knowledge sourced from data in field research. Therefore, this title is new in a number of ways. In this edition the organising construct is the application of knowledge, field research writing is introduced, and field research writing is integrated with literature research writing.

This volume of the Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law provides thorough and detailed coverage of the changing meanings and roles of water law, from the local to the global. It examines the rules of ownership, rights of use, and dispute resolution that address access, allocation, and protection of water resources. Written by leading scholars and practitioners from across the globe, the volume is organised into thematic parts, beginning with an overview of fundamental concepts in water law, as well as pervasive issues such as the interplay of water law, governance and politics, and the water-energy nexus. Entries then discuss topics in international, regional, and national water law, before exploring broader questions about the intersections between water law and areas such as development, infrastructure, and indigenous rights. The volume also offers insights into potential future directions of water law and governance in response to the increasingly pressing ecological issues. This authoritative volume will be a vital resource for all scholars and students of environmental law. Practitioners, policy makers and water managers will also find its accessible discussion of complex topics in water law particularly beneficial.

This timely book presents a detailed analysis of the role of law and regulation in the utilisation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the media sector. As well as contributing to the wider discussion on law and AI, the book also digs deeper by exploring pressing issues at the intersections of AI, media, and the law. Chapters critically re-examine various rights and responsibilities from the perspectives of incentives for accountable utilisation of AI in the industry. Featuring chapters from leading scholars in the field, Artificial Intelligence and the Media provides a timely and in-depth research-based contribution to complex themes - especially at the interface of new technology (including AI) with media and regulation. Analysing both legislative and ethical solutions, chapters explore what "AI" and "accountability" mean in terms of media practices, principles, and power relations, as well as how to address the AI revolution with informed law and policy in order to incentivise accountable utilisation of AI and to reduce negative societal impacts. Offering ideas for further research in the area, this book is key reading for academics and researchers in the fields of information and media law, regulation, and technology law. It may also interest media law practitioners, with research-based guidance for everyday practices and tools to prepare for future developments in the area.

The Fundamental Principles of Effective Trial Advocacy guides the trial lawyer in developing a winning theory and using it throughout every phase of the trial. The text focuses in depth on each phase of the trial from opening statement to examination-in-chief, cross-examination and final argument.

The book also examines the characteristics of effective trial lawyers, the rhetorical techniques that enhance the persuasive force of advocacy and the basic principles of formulating effective questions.

Practical and engaging examples distil the fundamental principles and strategies that lead to success in the courtroom.

Projecting a global interdisciplinary vision, this insightful book develops a peer-to-peer learning methodology to facilitate reconciling religion and human rights, both in multilateral contexts and at the national level. Written by leading human rights practitioners, the book illuminates the tension zones between religion and rights, exploring how the 'faith' elements in both disciplines can create synergies for protecting equal human dignity. Ibrahim Salama and Michael Wiener analyse the place of religion in multilateral practice, including lessons learned from the 'Faith for Rights' framework. Based on the jurisprudence of international human rights mechanisms, the book clarifies ambiguities of human rights law on religion. It also unpacks the potential positive role of non-State actors in the religious sphere, demonstrating that the relationship between religion and human rights is not a zero-sum game. Ultimately, the book empowers actors on both sides of the ideological fence between religion and human rights to deconstruct this artificial, politically instrumentalized dichotomy. This innovative book will be a vital resource for faith-based actors, human rights defenders and policymakers working at the intersection between religion, culture and human rights. With the co-authors' commentary on the #Faith4Rights toolkit, it will also be invaluable for peer-to-peer learning facilitators, scholars and students of human rights law, public international law and religious studies.

Searching for paid tasks via digital labour platforms, such as Uber, Deliveroo and Fiverr, has become a global phenomenon and the regular source of income for millions of people. In the advent of digital labour platforms, this insightful book sheds new light on familiar questions about tensions between competition and cooperation, short-term gains and long-term success, and private benefits and public costs. Drawing on a wealth of knowledge from a range of disciplines, including law, management, psychology, economics, sociology and geography, it pieces together a nuanced picture of the societal challenges posed by the platform economy. Chapters present a comprehensive, multidisciplinary overview of the rise of gig work, reflecting on long-term developments in the gig economy and incorporating contemporary developments into the rich theoretical and empirical literature on the topic. Charting new research territory, the book addresses key academic and policy challenges, arming readers with relevant analytical tools and practical solutions to face common problems. This book comprises a key reference for future research on the topic as well as critical policy measures for addressing challenges relating to gig work. Offering an integrated outline of the latest insights, this book is crucial reading for scholars and researchers of the platform economy and gig work, outlining academic insights and empirical research, and illustrating a research agenda for future scholarship. The book's comprehensive approach will also benefit policy-makers, managers and workers as they confront the platform economy's wide variety of legal, economic and management challenges.

Critical theory encapsulates the many connections between theory and praxis. This Research Handbook addresses the broad range of these connections in relation to legal thought. Featuring contributions from leading scholars of law and critical theory, the Handbook confronts the logic of the institutional with its specific challenges right across the broad field of legal thought. The Research Handbook initially addresses the question of definition, tracking the origins and development of critical legal theory along its European and North American trajectories. Thematic connections are made between the development of legal theory and other currents of critical thought including feminism, Marxism, critical race theory, varieties of postmodernism, as well as the various 'turns' (ethical, aesthetic, political) of critical legal theory. Finally, particular legal disciplines are examined, including labour, criminal and intellectual property law, exploring what critical approaches reveal about them with the clear focus on opportunities for social transformation. This comprehensive and forward-looking Research Handbook will be of great interest to adherents of critical legal theory and scholars of jurisprudence more widely, as it provides a valuable analysis of the latest research and thinking in this dynamic field.

This timely Research Handbook offers an insightful review of how legal systems - whether domestic, international or transnational - can and should adjust to fairly and effectively support loss and damage (L&D) claims in climate change law. International contributors guide readers through a detailed assessment of the history and current state of L&D provisions under the UN climate regime and consider the opportunities to fund L&D claims both within and outside the UN climate system. Split into four parts, the Research Handbook investigates the current legal frameworks for L&D across both public international law and domestic law. Chapters explore foundational issues including equity and justice and give a critical assessment of the current state and potential future evolution of international legal systems. The contributing authors also discuss the challenges faced by different legal systems in dealing effectively and fairly with L&D. Providing a comprehensive overview of this important topic, this Research Handbook will be an excellent resource for climate lawyers and policymakers. It will also be an invaluable read for academics and students researching environmental and climate issues.

In this Research Handbook, today's leading experts on the law and economics of corporate bankruptcy address fundamental issues such as the efficiency of bankruptcy, the role and treatment of creditors - particularly secured creditors - in the bankruptcy process, the allocation of going-concern surplus among claimants, the desirability of liquidation in the absence of such surplus, the role of contract in bankruptcy resolution, the role of derivatives in the bankruptcy process, the costs of the bankruptcy system, and the special case of financial institutions, among other topics. Chapters trace the historical path of both law and policy analysis, with a focus on how the bankruptcy process serves underlying policy objectives. Proposals to reform corporate bankruptcy are presented. Research Handbook on Corporate Bankruptcy Law includes policy analysis by both lawyers and economists and is thus an invaluable resource to law scholars and students interested in the economic analysis of corporate bankruptcy law, as well as to economics and business scholars and students studying the law of corporate bankruptcy. These pages will prove equally valuable to lawmakers and judges who are interested in policy analysis of corporate bankruptcy. Contributors include: K. Ayotte, D.G. Baird, A.J. Casey, T.H. Jackson, M.B. Jacoby, E.J. Janger, S.J. Lubben, E.R. Morrison, J.A.E. Pottow, R.K. Rasmussen, M.J. Roe, A. Schwartz, M. Simkovic, D. Skeel, R. Squire, G. Triantis, M.J. White, T.J. Zywicki

This incisive book examines the role of Intellectual Property (IP) as a complex adaptive system in innovation and the lifecycle of IP intensive assets. Discussing recent innovation trends, it places emphasis on how different forms of intellectual property law can facilitate these trends. Inventors and entrepreneurs are guided through the lifecycle of IP intensive assets that commercialise human creativity. Utilising a range of sector-specific, interdisciplinary and actor-focused approaches, each contribution offers suggestions on how Europe's capacity to foster innovation-based sustainable economic growth can be enhanced on a global scale. This comprehensive book addresses the role of IP in public-private partnerships and business transactions and further explores how IP law can uphold distributive justice in the innovation society. Chapters span a range of topics of great societal interest, including standard essential patent licensing in the Internet of Things, patent quality concerns under competition law and the role of market-driven and legislative solutions to online music licensing. Intellectual Property as a Complex Adaptive System will be a key resource for students and scholars of IP law, innovation and economics. It will also be vital reading for practitioners, knowledge-intensive industry representatives and innovation and technology transfer specialists.

This cutting-edge book provides a thorough analysis of the transposition of the rules of the EU Damages Directive, examining their impact on the enforcement of competition law and the victim's right to full compensation. It also studies the possible consequences of an anticipated rise in civil damages actions in Europe and how this, in turn, may alter the effectiveness of the enforcement system. Applying insights from an economic analysis of law, Philipp Kirst investigates the effectiveness of the measures prescribed by the Directive that are intended to overcome the potential negative effects of increased private enforcement of competition law, offering concrete legislative proposals to combat these. Kirst focuses on three aspects that are crucial to achieving the Directive's main objectives: the EU leniency programme, the sanctioning methodology, and the allocation of civil liability among joint infringers. Furthermore, the book offers policy recommendations to reconcile both an effective enforcement regime and compensation of victims. Provoking debate on the ways in which a more integrated enforcement regime could be created, this book will be a crucial text for academics in the fields of competition and antitrust law and European law and economics. It will also be a key reference point for practitioners and enforcement agencies.

In this thought-provoking book, Michelle Q. Zang critically examines the practices and outcomes of international economic adjudication through an exploration of a selected group of specialized judicial actors. She draws on an in-depth review of decisions delivered by bilateral, regional and multilateral judiciaries in order to respond to questions surrounding the proliferation and fragmentation of international adjudication, including the concerns and challenges this raises. By disentangling and analysing the relationships between the various economic regimes involved, Zang reveals their substantial influence on the manner of engagement between specific adjudicators embedded in these regimes. The book also provides critical discussion about the development of international economic judiciaries, and explores the role of judicial bodies as regime coordinators within specialized and regional regimes under international law. It demonstrates that despite criticisms of plurality as the dominant phenomenon in international economic adjudication, it is not the sole root of the issues examined. Scholars and students of international law, in particular those interested in international adjudication and international economic law, will find this book to be crucial reading. It will also prove useful for practitioners specializing in international economic dispute settlement.