This book brings together in one volume information about the neurobiological, genetic, and behavioral bases of reading and reading disabilities. In recent years, research on assessment and treatment of reading disability (dyslexia) has become a magnet for the application of new techniques and technologies from neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. This interdisciplinary fusion has yielded numerous and diverse findings regarding the brain basis of this syndrome, which are discussed in this volume by leading researchers. Intervention approaches based on such research are presented. The book also calls for research in specific directions, to encourage the field to continue moving into the bold frontier of how the brain reads.

The volume is essential reading for a range of researchers, clinicians, and other professionals interested in reading and reading disability, and also commemorates the tenth anniversary of the Extraordinary Brain Conferences hosted by The Dyslexia Foundation.

Preferences are assumed to play a crucial role in many phenomena that are studied in learning psychology, social psychology, consumer science, emotion research, and clinical psychology. Given the pervasive impact that preferences have on behaviour, it is important to know where these likes and dislikes come from. Although some preferences are genetically determined, most stem from learning that took place during the lifetime of the individual. In this special issue, the editors focus on one such type of learning: associative learning of likes and dislikes, that is, changes in liking that are due to the pairing of stimuli. Prior studies on evaluative conditioning have shown that pairing an affectively neutral stimulus with an affectively positive or negative stimulus will change the liking of the originally neutral stimulus. The papers that are part of this special issue explore the relevance of evaluative conditioning for social psychology, provide new data about the impact of contingency awareness, attention, and extinction trials on evaluative conditioning, and examine whether pairing stimuli can also result in the transfer of non-evaluative stimulus properties.

This volume contains an Open Access Chapter Stuart A. Karabenick was a prolific scholar and a co-editor of the Advances in Motivation and Achievement book series. At the time of his passing on August 1st, 2020, he was a Professor Emeritus at Easter Michigan University and a Research-Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan. Throughout his long career in Educational Psychology, Dr. Karabenick conducted research in several areas, and with dozens of collaborators. This volume memorializes Dr. Karabenick by asking some of his collaborators and former students to contribute chapters in the research topic that they worked on with him. The collection begins with a reprint of an article that was published just before Dr. Karabenick passed away, sharing the wisdom he had acquired during his long and distinguished career. The book contains three chapters about help- seeking - one of the topics that Dr. Karabenick examined most frequently in his research - followed by three chapters about teacher motivation and professional development. Next, there are chapters about self-regulation, another of Dr. Karabenick's favorite research topics. The volume culminates with chapters on a variety of topics: uses of technology to help foster student self-regulation, defining, measuring, and fostering a sense of relevance among students, and improving research through high-quality cognitive pretesting procedures. Volume 22 provides insights into the many contributions that Dr. Karabenick made to the field of Educational Psychology and the important role he played in the lives of his students, collaborators, and friends.

Psychologists have spent thousands of years studying the learning processes of the white rat, yet until recently they have neglected the laboratory of everyday social behavior for studying learning in man. In this book the leading experts in learning theory and pharmacology examine the role of learning mechanisms in smoking. The results provide new insights into the study of learning and determine new directions for future research on smoking and its control.

Two opening essays establish the framework for the volume. One is a thorough review of research on controlling smoking behavior, and the other is a review of findings on the personality of the smoker and the non-smoker. A second part includes four essays. The first discusses the role played by habit in smoking, defining habit in terms of "fixed behavior patterns, over learned to the point of becoming automatic, and marked by decreasing awareness and increasing dependency on secondary rather than primary reinforcement." The second discusses mechanisms of self-control, concentrating on humiliation or the realization of "membership in an ethically repugnant class" as one typical means of achieving such control. The third is an excellent statement of the reinforcement position, and the fourth discusses the role of nicotine as an addictive agent. Part three presents the views of sociologists on smoking behavior and goes on to discuss the effects of prolonged alcohol ingestion on the eating, drinking, and smoking patterns of chronic alcoholics.

In its new approach to the study of smoking and learning behavior this book is of continuing interest to psychologists, psychiatrists, medical doctors, public health officers, teachers--anyone interested in the scientific study and practical control of smoking behavior. It is valuable collateral reading for courses in experimental psychology, social psychology, and health education on both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

"William A. Hunt" (1903-1986) was professor of psychology at Loyola University, Chicago. He was also chairman of the Department of Psychology at Northwestern University. During World War II, he headed the Navy's clinical psychology program. He has served as a member of the Medical Advisory Group to the Administrator of Veterans Affairs, the Army's Scientific Advisory Panel, and the Community Research and Resources Panel of the National Institutes of Mental Health, as well as being for many years a consultant to the Surgeons General of both the Army and Navy.

Neal E. Miller's pioneering work in experimental psychology has earned him worldwide respect. This second in a two-volume collection of his work brings together forty-three of Miller's most important and representative essays on learning, motivation, and their physiological mechanisms. They were selected on the basis of their current relevance and their historical significance at the time they were published. In order to emphasize the main themes, essays on a given topic have been grouped together.

"Learning, Motivation, and Their Physiological Mechanisms" begins when the author first discovered the thrill of designing and executing experiments to get clear-cut answers concerning the behavior of children and of rats. The first study was one of the earliest ones on the behavioral effects of the recently synthesized male hormone, testosterone. The second was one of the earliest studies demonstrating the value of using a variety of behavioral techniques to investigate the motivational effects of a physiological intervention. The next studies investigated the satisfying and rewarding effects of food or water in the stomach versus in the mouth and the thirst-inducing and reducing effects of hyper- and hypotonic solutions, respectively, injected into the brain. The last study describes a technique devised for extending the analysis of the mechanism of hunger to the effects of humoral factors in the blood.

The study is completed with an examination of trial-and-error learning that was motivated by direct electrical stimulation of the brain and rewarded by the termination of such stimulation. Other studies show that the stimulation via such electrodes not only elicits eating, but also has the principal motivational characteristics of normal hunger. The conclusion deals with a series of experiments that overthrows strong traditional beliefs by proving that glandular and visceral responses mediated by the autonomic nervous system are subject to instrumental learning, which can be made quite specific.

The present special issue presents an overview of recent developments and controversies in research on human contingency learning. Contributions range from purely fundamental, theoretical analyses, over empirically oriented reports, to more applied contributions, reflecting the breadth of scope of contemporary research on human contingency learning. Taken together, these papers attest to the richness and diversity of current research on human contingency learning and identify key issues to be addressed in future research.

Learning is among the most basic of human activities. The study of, and research into, learning forms a central part of educational studies. The well-respected and established authors, Jarvis and Parker, not only focus on the psychological processes of human learning, but they also examine the importance of the relationship between the body and the mind. For the first time, this book considers how our neurological, biological, emotional and spiritual faculties all impact on human learning. Topics covered include: the biology of learning personality and human learning thinking and learning styles gender and human learning life cycle development and human learning emotional intelligence and learning morality and human learning learning in the social context. Drawing on material from the worlds of science and social science, and with contributions from international authors, this book will be of interest to academics in a wide range of disciplines.

Since its first edition, An Introduction to Theories of Learning has provided a uniquely sweeping review of the major learning theories from the 20th century that profoundly influenced the field of psychology. In this tenth edition, the authors present further experimental evidence that tests many of the fundamental ideas presented in these classic theories, as well as explore many of the advances in psychological science and neuroscience that have yielded greater insight into the processes that underlie learning in human beings and animals. The four main goals of this text are to define learning and to show how the learning process is studied (Chapters 1 and 2), to place learning theory in historical perspective (Chapter 3), and to present essential features of the major theories of learning with implications for educational practices (Chapters 4 through 16). The authors retained the best features of earlier editions while making revisions that reflect current research and scholarship, including coverage of active learning and the testing effect, information for problem solving in ravens, data illustrating the neurobiological basis of the cognitive map and spatial learning, new research on brain plasticity and its role in learning as well as the impact of poverty on brain and cognitive development, and new evidence that challenges the notion of learning styles. Complete with chapter summaries, discussion questions, and a glossary, this text is essential reading for theories of learning and applied cognitive psychology courses. See "Support Material" below for new online resources. Instructor resources include PowerPoint slides and a testbank containing over 500 questions (in both Microsoft Word and GIFT file formats). Student resources include chapter summaries, discussion questions, and a glossary of key terms.

In the World Library of Educationalists series, international experts themselves compile career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces--extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, major theoretical and/practical contributions--so the work can read them in a single manageable volume. Readers will be able to follow the themes and strands of their work and see their contribution to the development of a field.
A developmental psychologist by training, Howard Gardner has spent the last 30 years researching, thinking and writing about the development and education of the mind. He has contributed over 30 years researching, thinking and writing about the development and education of the mind. He has contributed over 30 books and 700 articles to the field. He is best known for his critique of the notion that intelligence is one single human intelligence that can be assessed through psychometric tests. Instead Gardner developed the theory of "multiple intelligence" which states that an individual has eight relatively autonomous intelligence:
- Language
- Music
- Emotional
- Logical-mathematical
- Spatial
- Kinesthetic
- Creative
- Interpersonal (understanding oneself)
This theory has proved popular, particularly with those who see the IQ testing a relatively narrow set of abilities.
In this book, he brings together over 20 of his key writings in one place. The book begins with a specially written Introduction, which gives an overview of Howard's career and contextualizes his selection in this book. Through his selection we can see the development of his thinking as well as the development of the field. This is the onlybook that offers this insight into this great scholar's work.

Reconceptualizing Disability in Education provides an essential critical exploration of problematic discourses, practices, and pedagogies that inform how disability is presently understood and responded to within the field of education. Luigi Iannacci interrogates and destabilizes ableist grand narratives that dominate every aspect of how disability is linguistically, bureaucratically, procedurally, and pedagogically configured within education. Ultimately, this book seeks to forward human rights for people with disabilities in educational contexts by clarifying and operationalizing inclusion so that it is not just a model necessitated by a hierarchy of legality, but rather a set of beliefs and practices based on critical analyses and a reconceptualization of current understandings and responses to disability that prevent inclusion and human rights from being realized. As the book is grounded in reconceptualist theorizing, it draws on multiple perspectives-including critical disability theory, post-modernism, critical theory, critical pedagogy, and social constructivism-to deconstruct and destabilize what is currently taken for granted about disability and those ascribed disabled identities within education. A variety of personal, professional, research experiences and data are offered and drawn on to critically address questions regarding philosophical, epistemological, pedagogical, organizational, economic, and leadership issues as they relate to disability in education. Critical incidents, interviews, documents, and artifacts are drawn on and narratively presented to explore how disability is presently configured in language, identification, and placement processes, discourses, pedagogies, and interactions with students deemed disabled, as well as their parents/caregivers. This critical narrative approach fosters alternative ways of thinking, speaking, being, and doing that forward a human rights focused model of disability that sees as its mandate the amelioration of people with disabilities within education.

This book explores the ways in which discourses of religious, racial, and national identity blur and engage each other in the medieval West. Specifically, the book studies depictions of Muslims in England during the 1330s and argues that these depictions, although historically inaccurate, served to enhance and advance assertions of English national identity at this time. The book examines Saracen characters in a manuscript renowned for the variety of its texts, and discusses hagiographic legends, elaborations of chronicle entries, and popular romances about Charlemagne, Arthur, and various English knights. In these texts, Saracens engage issues such as the demarcation of communal borders, the place of gender norms and religion in communities' self-definitions, and the roles of violence and history in assertions of group identity. Texts involving Saracens thus serve both to assert an English identity, and to explore the challenges involved in making such an assertion in the early fourteenth century when the English language was regaining its cultural prestige, when the English people were increasingly at odds with their French cousins, and when English, Welsh, and Scottish sovereignty were pressing matters.

Learning is among the most basic of human activities. The study of, and research into, learning forms a central part of educational studies. The well-respected and established authors, Jarvis and Parker, not only focus on the psychological processes of human learning, but they also examine the importance of the relationship between the body and the mind. For the first time, this book considers how our neurological, biological, emotional and spiritual faculties all impact on human learning.
Topics covered include:

• the biology of learning
• personality and human learning
• thinking and learning styles
• gender and human learning
• life cycle development and human learning
• emotional intelligence and learning
• morality and human learning
• learning in the social context.

Drawing on material from the worlds of science and social science, and with contributions from international authors, this book will be of interest to academics in a wide range of disciplines.

Originally published in 1987, Being Skilled presents a new model of how children learn to read, and in particular those who learn quickly and precociously. Bringing together ideas from such diverse sources as cognitive and developmental psychology and behaviour analysis perspectives on learning, Stuart McNaughton has produced a more complete theory based on a study of homes and classrooms, and the characteristics of reading behaviour in these settings. Within this theory reading is seen as a symbolic skill with structural properties that partly determine development; but it is also a social practice, in which learning is achieved through problem-solving and the performing of tasks set by particular environments. Drawing on extensive research carried out in Britain, North America and Australasia, McNaughton examines how interactions between teacher and child direct the task of learning to read, and how the relationship between home and school can be a well-matched or a poorly-matched setting in which learning may occur. Being Skilled will appeal to advanced students, researchers and theorists in education and development psychology and to anyone interested in the learning of complex skills.

Originally published in 1973, this book was published in two volumes. In the first volume, the author describes what he sees as the rudiments of three deterministic partial theories of structural learning. The first involves competence, partial theories which deal only with the problem of how to account for the various kinds of behavior of which people are typically capable. Special attention is given to mathematical competence. Nothing is said about learning or performance. The second partial theory is concerned with motivation, learning, and performance under idealized conditions, and is obtained from the first partial theory by imposing further structure on it. This theory says nothing about memory of the limited capacity of human subjects to process information. ... The final theory is obtained from the second by making additional assumptions, which bring memory and finite information processing into the picture. The theory is still partial, however, since no attempt is made to deal with certain ultra-short-term behavioral phenomena which appear to depend directly on particular physiological characteristics.

Originally published in 1994. Until this book was published, the application of computers to educational practice has received little input from psychological theory. Computers and the Collaborative Experience of Learning locates this topic within the contemporary movement of socio-cultural theory, drawing on the writing of Vygotsky and others. Charles Crook reviews psychological approaches to cognition and learning, in so far as they implicitly direct strategy in respect of computer-based learning. He also takes a novel stance in considering how new technology can enhance rather than undermine the social experience of learning and instruction, and can allow teachers to achieve more in the classroom. He argues that computers can provide the conditions for effective collaboration and enhance the social dimension of education. With its unique blend of theory and practice, from the primary school to university settings, Computers and the Collaborative Experience of Learning will be of interest to educational psychologists, as well as psychologists studying group processes, cognition and development.

Originally published in 1976, this title is an edited volume and reflects the major approaches being taken in structural learning at the time. Chapter 1 deals with the basic question of whether competence (knowledge) should be characterized in terms of rules (automata), on the one hand, or associations on the other. The bulk of Chapter 2 is devoted to a series of earlier experiments on rule learning by the editor and his associates. The two contributions in Chapter 3 deal with graph theoretical models. Piagetian models constitute the subject of Chapter 4. Chapter 5 deals with attempts to stimulate human behaviour with a computer. Chapter 6 ranges over a wide variety of competence models, with particular reference to logic and mathematics. In Chapter 7 the editor proposes a new theory of structural learning, together with some empirical results.

What can research in cognitive psychology offer the growth of educational technology and instructional media? Originally published in 1988, this book argues that, for much of its history, educational technology has been concerned with justifying and verifying the basic assumption that the processes and products of technology can improve instructional effectiveness. The result is seen as a systems approach grounded in empiricism and the failure to incorporate much important research in cognitive psychology. The book argues that it is now time for educational technology to come to terms with new ideas in cognitive, and particularly constructivist, psychology and it both advocates and describes the forging of new links between the two disciplines.

Originally published in 1971, this book was a critical introduction to the psychology of human development, learning and assessment. It was written with special attention to the needs of students of education and teachers, keeping in view the practical implications of psychological evidence. The author's purpose was to provide a clear and straightforward account of these matters, while at the same time promoting a thoughtful and critical response. If the book is to be called a textbook, it is so in this best sense.

The ability to learn is of crucial importance in human life, but understanding this ability has proved to be difficult. There have been many attempts to formulate scientific theories based on both animal experiments and human experience; and these have been applied to education and the treatment of psychological disturbance, with a certain amount of success. Originally published in 1984, this incisive guide to the research and its outcomes provides the background to one of the most debated topics in psychology today. Learning Theory and Behaviour Modification introduces the work of major figures, such as Pavlov and Skinner, which has strongly influenced theories in educational and clinical psychology, and formed the basis of the techniques known as 'behaviour modification'. As well as giving examples of these techniques the author relates new ideas about the scope and limits of behaviour modification to recent changes in the views of learning theorists. How much can experiments on animals tell us about human psychology?

Originally published in 1974, this introductory text has been designed specifically for teachers in training, and it presents the basic psychological principles governing learning, perception, motivation and the retention of knowledge at the time. The text is carefully tailored for would-be teachers in its clear and informal style, and in its selective aspects of psychology which the teacher can use to advantage in his efforts to assist the child. The book has an eclectic approach to psychological theory, drawing upon the insights of behaviourism, perceptualism and the Gestalt school, as well as the developmental theories of Jean Piaget. The author discusses in some detail theories concerning the nature of intelligence, and the relationship between creativity and intelligence; and he investigates the dynamics of social adjustment, introducing the part that may be played by meditation in helping to solve some of the problems of emotional stress within the learning situation. In his consideration of the management of learning, the author lays much emphasis upon the importance of individual cognitive styles, individualizing instruction and independent learning. In one chapter Dr Mueller is concerned with factors in the measurement of personality and of performance in the classroom, and he reflects upon the specific problem of objectivity in such assessment. Finally, some consideration is given to the problems and characteristics of the socially disadvantaged child and to the role of the teacher in helping to solve some of the learning problems of these children.

Bringing together neurological assessments of reading and cognition, this provocative volume, originally published in 1985, presents eight major and sometimes controversial studies on the parts and patterns of the reading process. With comprehensive coverage ranging from psycholinguistics and education to neurophysiology, these studies highlight new directions in the field at the time. The contributors support an interactive rather than dichotomous model of brain function, and stress individual differences in assessing reading and cognitive skills.

Educational psychology has much to offer teachers and trainee teachers which can be of help to them in their work. In this book, originally published in 1983, leading experts look at a number of important topics in educational psychology. The chapters present detailed overviews of these key issues, survey recent research findings and advances in the subject at the time, and discuss innovative techniques and approaches which are particularly relevant for classroom practice. This book, much needed at the time, will still be extremely useful to mature teachers and to all students of educational psychology.

This is the first book to provide a detailed overview and analysis of autodidactism, or self-education. Autodidacts' strong preference for teaching themselves is likely to manifest itself, in childhood, as a pronounced resistance to formal schooling. However, in later life, an autodidact's passion for learning will emerge as they participate in open or distance learning or even take responsibility for devising, structuring and following their own programme of education.
Beginning and ending with comprehensive and stimulating discussions of learning theories, The Passion to Learn includes fourteen case studies of autodidactism in informal learning situations, all written by authors with specialised knowledge. These wide-ranging case studies reflect the inherent diversity of autodidactism, yet four common themes emerge: emotional/ cognitive balance; learning environment; life mission; and ownership of learning. The final chapter addresses the implications of autodidactism for educational theory, research, philosophy and psychology.
This inquiry into autodidactism provides fresh insight into the motivation to learn. It shows how closely cognition, emotion and sensory perception act together in learning processes and draws upon memory studies, neurobiology, complexity theory and philosophy to illuminate the findings. At a time when such issues as participation in education, lifelong learning and alternative, non-formal modes of teaching and learning are in the forefront of international educational discourse, this fascinating, inspiring and timely book will be of great interest to anyone involved in the practice or policy of teaching and learning.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203329104

Lifelong learning is a phrase often used and discussed by those working in colleges, higher education institutions and local authorities yet it seems few people really agree on what it means and the cope it covers.

This comprehensive book looks into the broad issue of lifelong learning, identifying the different ways it can be interpreted and considering the reasons why lifelong learning appears to be shunned by some. The book looks at different ways lifelong learning can be introduced into society, recognising that it does not just have to be formal training in educational institutions for skill enhancement but can also be a valuable contribution towards social regeneration in a diverse society.

Within the wider context of theories behind lifelong learning the author pays particular attention to:

· Evolving practice
· Finding the missing learners
· Encouraging wider participation
Making Sense of Lifelong Learning will be a valuable resource for anyone involved in developing adult education in universities, colleges, community centres and local authorities. It should also prove useful for staff and students on postgraduate courses which focus on issues of lifelong learning.

In this book Bion describes his use of the term "alpha-function" to conceptualize how the data of emotional experience is processed and digested. This includes his thinking on "contact barriers" and the bearing of "projective identification" on the genesis of thought. A Jason Aronson Book