This monograph will put the biogenic marine lipids of many organisms in perspective. Volume 1 of 2.

Learn about the state of the art in building artificial membranes and synthetic biological devices, and in constructing mathematical models for their dynamics at multiple time and spatial scales with this comprehensive book. Drawing on recent advances in bioengineering and biochemistry, it describes how to engineer tethered bilayer lipid membranes, bioelectronic interfaces, high-resolution biosensors, and diagnostic devices for non-invasive cellular measurements and electroporation. Multi-physics models combining atomistic (molecular dynamics and coarse-grained molecular dynamics), mesoscopic (Poisson-Nernst-Planck), and macroscopic (reaction-rate theory) dynamics provide a complete structure-to-function description of these devices. Experiments and dynamic models explain how anti-microbial peptides penetrate membranes, how molecular machine biosensors built out of artificial membranes can detect femtomolar concentrations, and how electroporation can be controlled. Supported by atomistic simulation code online, this is essential reading for researchers, students and professionals in bioengineering, chemical engineering, biophysics, applied mathematics, and electrical engineering.

In recent years, scientific evidence supporting the relationship between diet and health has emerged. This has led to a growing interest in full and healthy food habits, in which fruits and vegetables are abundant (particularly in the Mediterranean diet) and act as sources of natural antioxidants as well as play major roles in preventing certain diseases. It is estimated that 80% of cardiovascular disease, 90% of type 2 diabetes mellitus cases and one third of cancerous processes, could be avoided including changes in lifestyle and diet improvements. Specifically, the increment on scientific reports relating the intake of antioxidant compounds and the maintenance of health has increased noticeably. The importance of dietary antioxidants lies in its ability to preserve foods containing them, and to perform the in vivo contribution of natural antioxidants. There are several scientific studies demonstrating the positive effect of exogenous and endogenous antioxidants against degenerative diseases, various cancers and diseases related to aging caused by oxidative attacks. Lipid peroxidation is thought to be an important factor in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases and in the process of ageing, but its measurement in vivo has been difficult. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate methods for measurement of lipid peroxidation in vivo that are suitable for clinical investigations, and to apply these methods in animal and human studies investigating basal conditions and situations associated with increased lipid peroxidation. Over the course of the past 25 years, more than 3800 articles have been published in the field of IsoP research by numerous investigators around the world. Numerous excellent reviews have been written describing the formation, chemical synthesis, and biological activities of IsoPs, as well as their potential use as biomarkers of diseases. This review will provide a brief historical perspective on the discovery of IsoPs with its primary focus on recent clinical research in the field. In conclusion, the simultaneous measurement of several biomarkers of lipid peroxidation is a promising approach for future studies investigating the possible role of lipid peroxidation in vivo under basal conditions and in the pathology of diseases.

Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid and natural constituent of a number of foods, particularly vegetable oils. On the basis of proven beneficial health effects it is also a possible ingredient in processed functional foods. However, due to its high energy content it is not recommended to increase the consumption of any particular fat, but to substitute other lipids with oleic acid. While there is a well-established consensus that replacing saturated fats in the diet with oleic acid or other unsaturated fats contributes to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels, a series of other effects has also been studied, including the modulation of inflammatory markers, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, gastrointestinal functions and even various cancers. This book discusses oleic acid's health effects, as well as its production, and how it is used.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid of the omega-3 (n-3) series that has received substantial attention due to its pivotal roles in biological functions including brain and visual development, cognition, inflammatory responses and with decreasing risk or mortality with cardiovascular diseases. This book reviews the properties of DHA, as well as its functions and effects on health. Chapter One reviews the literature on the effects of DHA in bone health with a focus on the growth period. Chapter Two examines recent trends in research leading to the obtaining of bioactive lipids able to deliver DHA with a high bioavailability. Chapter Three discusses DHA's protective effect on organ function and inflammatory response in burns. Chapter Four considers the effects of dietary DHA on CVD risk factors, and in particular its actions on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction.

Obesity and diabetes develop as a complex result of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors and are characterized by increased lipogenesis and lipid accumulation in many tissues. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes are a critical regulator of lipogenesis and catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), mainly oleoyl- (18:1n9) and palmitoleoyl-CoA (16:1n7). These MUFAs are the major fatty acid substrates for the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol esters, wax esters and membrane phospholipids. There are 4 SCD isoforms (SCD1-4) in mice and two (hSCD1 and hSCD5) expressed in humans. At first glance, stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme would be considered a housekeeping enzyme because it synthesizes oleate a well-known fatty acid that is abundant in many dietary sources. However numerous studies have shown that SCD is a very highly regulated enzyme that features in so many physiological processes ranging from fat differentiation, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, inflammation and cancer. The editor's studies using stearoyl-CoA desaturase knockout (SCD1-/-) mice and studies of other investigators using pharmacological approaches to reduce SCD1 expression in mouse tissues have all established that the expression of SCD1 gene isoform represents a key step in partitioning of lipids between storage and oxidation. High SCD expression favors fat storage leading to obesity while reduced SCD expression favors fat burning and leanness. Although these studies clearly illustrated that SCD1 expression is involved in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, questions remain in the elucidation of the mechanisms involved and role of SCD1. This book includes chapters by leading researchers on SCD Genes in the brain, heart, muscle, liver metabolism, Colitis, and more.

Driven both by real industrial needs and curiosity for fundamental research, edible oil structuring has emerged as a subject of growing interest with applications in real food systems. With contributions from leading research groups around the world, this book provides a comprehensive and concise overview of the field with special emphasis on the updates from the last 5 years. New insights into the mechanism of gelation in mono- and multicomponent gels are discussed for several categories of previously known structuring agents along with the potential food applications of some of these systems. In addition, use of alternative methods to explore structuring properties of hydrophilic biopolymers are presented with illustrative examples. Some new concepts such as bio-based synthesis of supergelators, foamed oleogels and use of innovative dispersion techniques give a broader picture of the current research in edible oil structuring. This book will be of interest to students, academics and scientists involved in the research of edible oil structuring. It will be an important reference as it provides current information on the state-of-the-art of the field.

"Handbook of Chromatography: Analysis of Lipids" provides a valuable review of state-of-the-art applications of chromatographic techniques (TLC, GC, HPLC) and other analytical techniques. Much of this volume is devoted to applications of HPLC (including supercritical fluid chromatography) in the analysis of lipids such as fatty acids, oxygenated fatty acids, enantiomeric acyl- and alkylglycerols, and lipoproteins. The handbook also provides extensive coverage of applications of combinations of various chromatographic techniques used in the analysis of ozonides, anacardic acids, glycerophospholipids, products of lipolysis, artifacts and contaminants in edible fats, acylated proteins, non-caloric lipids, lipophilic vitamins, acyl-Coenzyme A thioesters, dolichols, mycolic acids, technical fats and fat products, and liposomes.
"Handbook of Chromatography: Analysis of Lipids" will be a useful reference for oil chemists, biochemists, fat science technologists, and other scientists involved in lipid research.

Our brain is recognized by all specialists as the most complex entity created in nature. Regarding the extraordinary capacities of its functioning, still incompletely known, the control of the brain by our dietary lipids may seem very improbable to many people. Yet, research has shown that an imbalance in the intake of essential fatty acids is related to conditions as prevalent as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Research on psychological disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, aggressiveness and suicidal behavior are discussed in this text. Several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis are also explored. Several observations prove that not only are omega-3 fatty acids actively involved in maintaining the noble functions of our brain, but other lipids, including cholesterol, liposoluble vitamins (A, D and E) and some carotenoids play roles as well and are presented in this book. Dietary Lipids for Healthy Brain Function focuses on this important research for human health. This book brings readers, doctors, dietitians and nutritionists arguments that could improve brain development in young people, prevent many nervous diseases and slow down the age-related decline of higher brain functions. This book provides helpful information to improve health in the young as well in the old, using practical and personalized recommendations for preventing and treating nervous pathologies. Features: * Focuses on the importance of dietary lipids on the proper brain functioning. * Provides relevant references demonstrating the efficiency of dietary lipids to maintain a healthy brain. * Introduces lipid sources and describes their roles by lipid groups in behavior issues and various chronic nervous diseases.

Extensively revised, reorganized, and expanded, the third edition of the industry standard, The Lipid Handbook reflects many of the changes in lipid science and technology that have occurred in the last decade. All chapters have been rewritten, many by new authors, to match the updated thinking and practice of modern lipid science and bring a fresh perspective to twenty years of tradition. Retaining the general structure of the previous editions, The Lipid Handbook with CD-ROM, Third Edition collates a wide range of information into a single volume. New contributions highlight the latest technologies utilized in today's lipid science such as chromatographic analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An entirely new chapter is devoted to non-food uses such as lipids as surfactants, cosmetics, and biofuels. Expanded sections illustrate a growing emphasis on lipid metabolism and the nutritional, medical, and agricultural aspects including human dietary requirements and disorders of lipid metabolism. The dictionary section is vastly expanded to cover chemical structure, physical properties, and references to thousands of lipid and lipid related molecules. The handbook now includes a CD-ROM that allows instant access to tabulated and referenced information and can be searched either as the full text or by structure or substructure. Drawing from the best minds in the field, The Lipid Handbook with CD-ROM, Third Edition presents the latest technological developments and the current and future directions and applications of lipid science to the next generation of researchers.

Most plasma lipid abnormalities reflect an interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors. This volume describes plasma lipid transport, the various categories of plasma lipid disorders and the relationship between plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic disease. It examines the contrasting role of LDL and HDL in atherogenesis and also describes the possible contributions of VLDL and chylomicrons. Cell surface receptors and other key proteins playing an important role in plasma lipoprotein regulation and metabolism are discussed, and the possible contribution of oxidative damage to LDL atherogenicity is considered. There is a final reflection on the effects of these disorders on endothelial function. The information provided should be useful to physicians and scientists interested in plasma lipid transport and how abnormalities of plasma lipids and lipoproteins relate to disease states.