"Steganography" is the art of communicating a secret message, hiding the very existence of a secret message. This is typically done by hiding the message within a non-sensitive document. S"teganalysis" is the art and science of detecting such hidden messages. The task in steganalysis is to take an object (communication) and classify it as either a steganogram or a clean document. Most recent solutions apply classification algorithms from machine learning and pattern recognition, which tackle problems too complex for analytical solution by teaching computers to learn from empirical data.

Part 1of the book is an introduction to steganalysis as part of the wider trend of multimedia forensics, as well as a practical tutorial on machine learning in this context. Part 2 is a survey of a wide range of feature vectors proposed for steganalysis with performance tests and comparisons. Part 3 is an in-depth study of machine learning techniques and classifier algorithms, and presents a critical assessment of the experimental methodology and applications in steganalysis.

Key features: Serves as a tutorial on the topic of steganalysis with brief introductions to much of the basic theory provided, and also presents a survey of the latest research.Develops and formalises the application of machine learning in steganalysis; with much of the understanding of machine learning to be gained from this book adaptable for future study of machine learning in other applications. Contains Python programs and algorithms to allow the reader to modify and reproduce outcomes discussed in the book.Includes companion software available from the author's website.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 2008 Pacific Rim Knowledge Acquisition Workshop, PKAW 2008, held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in December 2008 as part of 10th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2008.

The 20 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions and went through two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in topical sections on machine learning and data mining, incremental knowledge acquisition, web-based techniques and applications, as well as domain specific knowledge acquisition methods and applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the joint conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: ECML PKDD 2008, held in Antwerp, Belgium, in September 2008.

The 100 papers presented in two volumes, together with 5 invited talks, were carefully reviewed and selected from 521 submissions. In addition to the regular papers the volume contains 14 abstracts of papers appearing in full version in the Machine Learning Journal and the Knowledge Discovery and Databases Journal of Springer.

The conference intends to provide an international forum for the discussion of the latest high quality research results in all areas related to machine learning and knowledge discovery in databases. The topics addressed are application of machine learning and data mining methods to real-world problems, particularly exploratory research that describes novel learning and mining tasks and applications requiring non-standard techniques.

Volume IX of the Transactions on Rough Sets (TRS) provides evidence of the continuing growth of a number of research streams that were either directly or indirectly begun by the seminal work on rough sets by Zdzis law Pawlak (1926- 1 2006) .OneoftheseresearchstreamsinspiredbyProf.Pawlakisroughset-based intelligent systems, a topic that was an important part of his early 1970s work on knowledge description systems prior to his discovery of rough sets during the early 1980s. Evidence of intelligent systems as a recurring motif over the past twodecadescanbefoundintherough-setliteraturethatnowincludesover4,000 2 publications by more than 1,600 authors in the rough set database . This volume of the TRS includes articles that are extensions of papers in- 3 cludedinthe?rstconferenceonRoughSetsandIntelligentSystemsParadigms . In addition to research on intelligent systems, this volume also presents papers that re?ect the profound in?uence of a number of other research initiatives by Zdzis law Pawlak. In particular, this volume introduces a number of new advances in the fo- dations and applications of arti?cial intelligence, engineering, image processing, logic, mathematics, medicine, music, and science. These advances have sign- icant implications in a number of research areas such as attribute reduction, approximation schemes, category-based inductive reasoning, classi?ers, classi- ing mappings, context algebras, data mining, decision attributes, decision rules, decision support, diagnostic feature analysis, EEG classi?cation, feature ana- sis, granular computing, hierarchical classi?ers, indiscernibility relations, inf- mationgranulation, informationsystems, musicalrhythm retrieval, probabilistic dependencies, reducts, rough-fuzzy C-means, rough inclusion functions, rou- ness, singing voice recognition, and vagueness. A total of 47 researchers are represented in this volu

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Workshop on Web Mining, WebMine 2006, held in Berlin, Germany, September 2006. Topics included are data mining based on analysis of bloggers and tagging, web mining, XML mining and further techniques of knowledge discovery. The book is especially valuable for those interested in the aspects of Web 2.0 and its inherent dynamic and diversity of user-generated content.

Bayesian optimization is a methodology for optimizing expensive objective functions that has proven success in the sciences, engineering, and beyond. This timely text provides a self-contained and comprehensive introduction to the subject, starting from scratch and carefully developing all the key ideas along the way. This bottom-up approach illuminates unifying themes in the design of Bayesian optimization algorithms and builds a solid theoretical foundation for approaching novel situations. The core of the book is divided into three main parts, covering theoretical and practical aspects of Gaussian process modeling, the Bayesian approach to sequential decision making, and the realization and computation of practical and effective optimization policies. Following this foundational material, the book provides an overview of theoretical convergence results, a survey of notable extensions, a comprehensive history of Bayesian optimization, and an extensive annotated bibliography of applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Autonomous Intelligent Systems: Agents and Data Mining, AIS-ADM 2007, held in St. Petersburg, Russia in June 2007.

The 17 revised full papers and six revised short papers presented together with four invited lectures cover agent and data mining, agent competition and data mining, as well as text mining, semantic Web, and agents.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed joint post-proceedings of 3 consecutive International Workshops on Learning Classifier Systems that took place in Chicago, IL, USA in July 2003, in Seattle, WA, USA in June 2004, and in Washington, DC, USA in June 2005 - all hosted by the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO.

The 22 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from the workshop contributions. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge representation, mechanisms, new directions, as well as application-oriented research and tools. The topics range from theoretical analysis of mechanisms to practical consideration for successful application of such techniques to everday datamining tasks.

This volume contains a collection of the papers presented during the First International ACM-L Workshop, which was held in Tucson, Arizona, on November 8, 2006, during the 25th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, ER 2006. The workshop focused on enhancing the fundamental understanding of how to model continual learning from past experiences and how to capture knowledge from transitions between system states.

Active conceptual modeling is a continual process of describing all aspects of a domain, its activities, and changes from different perspectives based on our knowledge and understanding.

Included in this state-of-the-art survey are 11 revised full papers, carefully reviewed and selected from the workshop presentations. Rounded off with 4 invited lectures and an introductory and motivational overview, these papers represent the current thinking in conceptual modeling research.

This volume of the Transactions on Rough Sets commemorates the life and work of Zdzislaw Pawlak (1926-2006), whose legacy is rich and varied. It presents papers that reflect the profound influence of a number of research initiatives by Professor Pawlak, introducing a number of new advances in the foundations and applications of artificial intelligence, engineering, logic, mathematics, and science.

In machine learning applications, practitioners must take into account the cost associated with the algorithm. These costs include: Cost of acquiring training data Cost of data annotation/labeling and cleaning Computational cost for model fitting, validation, and testing Cost of collecting features/attributes for test data Cost of user feedback collection Cost of incorrect prediction/classification Cost-Sensitive Machine Learning is one of the first books to provide an overview of the current research efforts and problems in this area. It discusses real-world applications that incorporate the cost of learning into the modeling process. The first part of the book presents the theoretical underpinnings of cost-sensitive machine learning. It describes well-established machine learning approaches for reducing data acquisition costs during training as well as approaches for reducing costs when systems must make predictions for new samples. The second part covers real-world applications that effectively trade off different types of costs. These applications not only use traditional machine learning approaches, but they also incorporate cutting-edge research that advances beyond the constraining assumptions by analyzing the application needs from first principles. Spurring further research on several open problems, this volume highlights the often implicit assumptions in machine learning techniques that were not fully understood in the past. The book also illustrates the commercial importance of cost-sensitive machine learning through its coverage of the rapid application developments made by leading companies and academic research labs.

This book contains a selection of revised papers from the 4th Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction (MLMI 2007), which took place in Brno, Czech Republic, during June 28-30, 2007. As in the previous editions of the MLMI series, the 26 chapters of this book cover a large area of topics, from multimodal processing and human-computer interaction to video, audio, speech and language processing. The application of machine learning techniques to problems arising in these ?elds and the design and analysis of software s- portingmultimodalhuman-humanandhuman-computerinteractionarethetwo overarching themes of this post-workshop book. The MLMI 2007 workshop featured 18 oral presentations-two invited talks, 14 regular talks and two special session talks-and 42 poster presentations. The participants were not only related to the sponsoring projects, AMI/AMIDA (http://www.amiproject.org) and IM2 (http://www.im2.ch), but also to other largeresearchprojects onmultimodalprocessingand multimedia browsing,such as CALO and CHIL. Local universities were well represented, as well as other European, US and Japanese universities, research institutions and private c- panies, from a dozen countries overall.

Once realized, the potential of large-scale quantum computers promises to radically transform computer science. Despite large-scale international efforts, however, essential questions about the potential of quantum algorithms are still unanswered. Automatic Quantum Computer Programming is an introduction both to quantum computing for non-physicists and to genetic programming for non-computer-scientists. The book explores several ways in which genetic programming can support automatic quantum computer programming and presents detailed descriptions of specific techniques, along with several examples of their human-competitive performance on specific problems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning, SEAL 2006, held in Hefei, China in October 2006.

The 117 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 420 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on evolutionary learning, evolutionary optimisation, hybrid learning, adaptive systems, theoretical issues in evolutionary computation, and real-world applications of evolutionary computation techniques.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory, ALT 2007, held in Sendai, Japan, October 1-4, 2007, colocated with the 10th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2007.

The 25 revised full papers presented together with the abstracts of 5 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. The papers are dedicated to the theoretical foundations of machine learning; they address topics such as query models, on-line learning, inductive inference, algorithmic forecasting, boosting, support vector machines, kernel methods, complexity and learning, reinforcement learning, unsupervised learning and grammatical inference.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th Industrial Conference on Data Mining, ICDM 2006, held in Leipzig, Germany in July 2006. Presents 45 carefully reviewed and revised full papers organized in topical sections on data mining in medicine, Web mining and logfile analysis, theoretical aspects of data mining, data mining in marketing, mining signals and images, and aspects of data mining, and applications such as intrusion detection, and more.

This book presents the refereed post-proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning Systems. Twenty full papers were chosen from among the many submissions. Papers are organized into sections covering anticipatory aspects in brains, language, and cognition; individual anticipatory frameworks; learning predictions and anticipations; anticipatory individual behavior; and anticipatory social behavior.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Machine Learning, ECML 2006, held, jointly with PKDD 2006. The book presents 46 revised full papers and 36 revised short papers together with abstracts of 5 invited talks, carefully reviewed and selected from 564 papers submitted. The papers present a wealth of new results in the area and address all current issues in machine learning.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Machine Learning, ECML 2007, held in Warsaw, Poland, September 17-21, 2007, jointly with PKDD 2007.

The 41 revised full papers and 37 revised short papers presented together with abstracts of 4 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 592 abstracts submitted to both, ECML and PKDD. The papers present a wealth of new results in the area and address all current issues in machine learning.

This volumecontains paperspresentedatthe 20thAnnualConferenceonLea- ing Theory (previously known as the Conference on Computational Learning Theory) held in San Diego, USA, June 13-15, 2007, as part of the 2007 Fed- ated Computing Research Conference (FCRC). The Technical Program contained 41 papers selected from 92 submissions, 5 open problems selected from among 7 contributed, and 2 invited lectures. The invited lectures were givenby Dana Ron on PropertyTesting: A Learning T- oryPerspective, andbySantoshVempalaon SpectralAlgorithmsforLearning and Clustering. The abstracts of these lectures are included in this volume. The Mark Fulk Award is presented annually for the best paper co-authored by a student. The student selected this year was Samuel E. Moelius III for the paper U-Shaped, Iterative, and Iterative-with-Counter Learning co-authored with John Case. This year, student awards were also granted by the Machine LearningJournal.Wehavethereforebeenabletoselecttwomorestudentpapers forprizes.Thestudents selectedwereLev Reyzinforthe paper LearningLarge- Alphabet and Analog Circuits with Value Injection Queries (co-authored with Dana Angluin, James Aspnes, and Jiang Chen), and Jennifer Wortman for the paper Regret to the Best vs. Regret to the Average (co-authored with Eyal Even-Dar, Michael Kearns, and Yishay Mansour). The selected papers cover a wide range of topics, including unsupervised, semisupervisedand activelearning, statistical learningtheory, regularizedlea- ing, kernel methods and SVM, inductive inference, learning algorithms and l- itations on learning, on-line and reinforcement learning. The last topic is part- ularly well represented, covering alone more than one-fourth of the total."

This book explores the benefits of deploying Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the health care environment. The authors study different research directions that are working to serve challenges faced in building strong healthcare infrastructure with respect to the pandemic crisis. The authors take note of obstacles faced in the rush to develop and alter technologies during the Covid crisis. They study what can be learned from them and what can be leveraged efficiently. The authors aim to show how healthcare providers can use technology to exploit advances in machine learning and deep learning in their own applications. Topics include remote patient monitoring, data analysis of human behavioral patterns, and machine learning for decision making in real-time.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory, ALT 2006, held in Barcelona, Spain in October 2006, colocated with the 9th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2006.

The 24 revised full papers presented together with the abstracts of five invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 53 submissions. The papers are dedicated to the theoretical foundations of machine learning.

Machinelearningis arapidlymaturing?eldthataims toprovidepracticalme- ods for data discovery, categorization and modelling. The She?eld Machine Learning Workshop, which was held 7-10 September 2004, brought together some of the leading international researchers in the ?eld for a series of talks and posters that represented new developments in machine learning and numerical methods. The workshop was sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences - search Council (EPSRC) and the London Mathematical Society (LMS) through the MathFIT program,whose aim is the encouragementof new interdisciplinary research.AdditionalfundingwasprovidedbythePASCALEuropeanFramework 6 Network of Excellence and the University of She?eld. It was the commitment of these funding bodies that enabled the workshop to have a strong program of invited speakers,and the organizerswish to thank these funding bodies for their ?nancial support. The particular focus for interactions at the workshop was - vanced Research Methods in Machine Learning and Statistical Signal Processing. These proceedings contain work that was presented at the workshop, and ideas that were developed through, or inspired by, attendance at the workshop. The proceedings re?ect this mixture and illustrate the diversity of applications and theoretical work in machine learning. We would like to thank the presenters and attendees at the workshop for the excellent quality of presentation and discussion during the oral and poster sessions. We are also grateful to Gillian Callaghan for her support in the orga- zation of the workshop, and ?nally we wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their help in compiling the proceedings.

This self-contained introduction to machine learning, designed from the start with engineers in mind, will equip students with everything they need to start applying machine learning principles and algorithms to real-world engineering problems. With a consistent emphasis on the connections between estimation, detection, information theory, and optimization, it includes: an accessible overview of the relationships between machine learning and signal processing, providing a solid foundation for further study; clear explanations of the differences between state-of-the-art techniques and more classical methods, equipping students with all the understanding they need to make informed technique choices; demonstration of the links between information-theoretical concepts and their practical engineering relevance; reproducible examples using Matlab, enabling hands-on student experimentation. Assuming only a basic understanding of probability and linear algebra, and accompanied by lecture slides and solutions for instructors, this is the ideal introduction to machine learning for engineering students of all disciplines.

This volume contains the papers presented at the 16th Annual International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory (ALT 2005), which was held in S- gapore (Republic of Singapore), October 8-11, 2005. The main objective of the conference is to provide an interdisciplinary forum for the discussion of the t- oretical foundations of machine learning as well as their relevance to practical applications. The conference was co-located with the 8th International Conf- enceonDiscoveryScience(DS2005). Theconferencewasalsoheldinconjunction with the centennial celebrations of the National University of Singapore. The volume includes 30 technical contributions, which were selected by the program committee from 98 submissions. It also contains the ALT 2005 invited talks presented by Chih-Jen Lin (National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan) on "Training Support Vector Machines via SMO-type Decomposition Methods," and by Vasant Honavar (Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA) on "Al- rithmsandSoftwareforCollaborativeDiscoveryfromAutonomous, Semantically Heterogeneous, Distributed, Information Sources. " Furthermore, this volume - cludes an abstract of the joint invited talk with DS 2005 presented by Gary L. Bradshaw (Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA) on "Invention and Arti?cial Intelligence," and abstracts of the invited talks for DS 2005 presented by Ross D. King (The University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK) on "The Robot Scientist Project," and by Neil Smalheiser (University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA) on "The Arrowsmith Project: 2005 Status Report. " The c- plete versions of these papers are published in the DS 2005 proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 3735).