Over the past few years, concrete technology has advanced quite dramatically thanks to the use of a great variety of additives and admixtures, which have paved the way for the effective development of new-generation concrete mixtures. Among these additives and admixtures, nanomaterials used in construction materials such as paste, mortar, and concrete mixtures have become very popular recently. Much of the previous attention in regard to the utilization of nanomaterials in construction materials was specifically devoted to the characterization of their fresh-state, hydration, microstructure, pore structure, mechanical, transport, and durability properties. However, research into the tailoring of multi-functional properties of construction materials (especially cementitious) with the use of nanomaterials is still in its infancy. Recent Advances in Nano-Tailored Multi-Functional Cementitious Composites aims to capture recent major scientific advances and the current state of the art in multi-functional cementitious composites developed with nanomaterials. The book will provide researchers, engineers, and other stakeholders with an insight into future directions of multi-functional capabilities of cementitious composites. Chapters focus on the large-scale development, characterization, and application of multi-functional cementitious composites addressing the following topics: nano-modified concrete; strain-hardening cementitious composites; self-sensing concrete; self-healing and bacteria-based concrete; self-cleaning concrete; self-consolidating concrete; material/construction technology for 3D printing; thermal insulation capability; green concretes including geopolymer concrete; nanoscale characterization methods; low CO2 reactive magnesia cements; and future developments and challenges of nano-tailored cementitious composites. The book will be an essential reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, materials scientists, and civil engineers working on the development and application of nano-tailored multi-functional cementitious composites.

Composite Laminated: Theories and Their Applications presents the latest methods for analyzing composite laminates and their applications. The title introduces the most important analytical methods in use today, focusing on fracture, damage, multi-physics and sensitivity analysis. Alongside these methods, it presents original research carried out over two decades on laminated composite structures and gives detailed coverage of laminate theories, analytic solutions and finite element models. Specific chapters cover An introduction to composites, Elasticity, Shear, State space theory, Layerwise theories, The extended layerwise method, Fracture and damage mechanics, Multi-physical fracture problems, Analytical methods of stiffened sandwich structures, Progressive failure analysis, and more. This volume offers a comprehensive guide to the state-of-the-art in the analysis and applications of composite laminates, which play a critical role in all types of engineering, from aerospace to subsea structures, including in medical prosthetics, circuit boards and sports equipment.

Polymers for 3D Printing: Methods, Properties, and Characteristics provides a detailed guide to polymers for 3D printing, bridging the gap between research and practice, and enabling engineers, technicians and designers to utilise and implement this technology for their products or applications.

Rare Earth Metal-Organic Framework Hybrid Materials for Luminescence Responsive Chemical Sensors primarily focuses on rare earth functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) hybrid materials for sensing applications. Sections cover an introduction to the field and key concepts like luminescence, rare earth ion luminescence and luminescence response for chemical sensing. Other section emphasize the luminescence response mode and sensing mechanisms of these important materials, including single mode and dual mode sensing, as well as chemical sensing mechanisms. Final sections outline different kinds of sensing analytes by rare earth functionalized MOFs hybrids and delve into emerging application. This book is suitable for materials scientists and engineers, materials chemists, chemists and chemical engineers. In addition, the material is appropriate for those working in academia and R&D in industry.

Radiation Dosimetry Phosphors provides an overview of the synthesis, properties and applications of materials used for radiation dosimetry and reviews the most appropriate phosphor materials for each radiation dosimetry technique. The book describes the available phosphors used commercially for their applications in the medical field for dose measurements. Although radiation dosimetry phosphors are commercially available, continuous efforts have been made by the worldwide research community to develop new materials or improve already existing materials used in different areas with low or high levels of radiation. Moreover, researchers are still working on developing dosimetric phosphors for OSL, ML, LL and RPL dosimetry. This book provides an overall view of the phosphors available, low cost synthesis methods, mechanisms involved, emerging trends and new challenges for the development of emerging materials for radiation dosimetry. It is suitable for those working in academia and R&D laboratories in the discipline of materials science and engineering, along with practitioners working in radiation and dosimetry.

Advances in Engineered Cementitious Composite: Materials, Structures and Numerical Modelling focuses on recent research developments in high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites, covering three key aspects, i.e., materials, structures and numerical modeling. Sections discuss the development of materials to achieve high-performance by using different type of fibers, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene (PE) polypropylene (PP) and hybrid fibers. Other chapters look at experimental studies on the application of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites on structures and the performance of structural components, including beams, slabs and columns, and recent development of numerical methods and modeling techniques for modeling material properties and structural behavior. This book will be an essential reference resource for materials scientists, civil and structural engineers and all those working in the field of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites and structures.

Nanotechnology-Based Smart Remote Sensing Networks for Disaster Prevention outlines how nanotechnology and space technology could be applied for the detection of disaster risks in early stages, using cheap sensors, cheap constellations of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, and smart wireless networks with artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Nanomaterial-based sensors (nanosensors) can offer several advantages over their micro-counterparts, such as lower power or self-powered consumption, high sensitivity, lower concentration of analytes, and smaller interaction distances between the object and the sensor. Besides this, with the support of AI tools, such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, neural networks, and ambient intelligence, sensor systems are becoming smarter when a large number of sensors are used. This book is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers, and environmental scientists who are seeking to understand how nanotechnology-based solutions can help mitigate natural disasters.

Welding Deformation and Residual Stress Prevention, Second Edition provides readers with both fundamental theoretical knowledge about welding deformation and stress as well as unique computational approaches for predicting and mitigating the effects of deformation and residual stress on materials. This second edition has been updated to include new techniques and applications, outlining advanced finite element methods such as implicit scheme, explicit scheme, and hybrid scheme, and coupling analysis among thermal-metallurgy-mechanics. Non-destructive measurement methods for residual stresses are introduced, such as X-ray diffraction, the indentation technique, the neutron diffraction method, and various synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques. Destructive measurement techniques are covered as well, such as block cutting for releasing residual stress, blind hole drilling, deep hole drilling, the slit cutting method, sectional contour method, and general inherent strain method. Various industrial applications of the material behavior and computational approaches are featured throughout.

Recent Advances and Applications of Thermoset Resins, Second Edition provides a reference source for anyone interested in understanding the chemistry, processing, properties, composites and applications of thermoset resins. Sections cover the chemistry of thermoset resins and recent advances in various aspects, including toughening, micro-reinforcement, nano-reinforcement, simultaneous nano-reinforcement and toughening. The book provides detailed information on synthesis, characterization and processing techniques. A critical review of the latest advances in thermoset-based composites and nanocomposites is also presented, along with future directions of research in various areas of thermoset resins. This is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists and advanced students in polymer science, plastics engineering, adhesives and coatings, composites, and materials engineering, as well as R&D professionals, engineers and manufacturers with an interest in thermoset resins and materials for advanced applications.

Applications of Polyurethanes in Medical Devices provides detailed coverage of polyurethane (PU) chemistry, processing and preparation for performant medical devices. Polyurethanes have found many uses in medical applications, due to their biocompatibility, biostability, physical properties, surface polarity, and the ability to suit the field of application. This book enables the reader to understand polyurethane and how this valuable material can be used in medical devices. Sections cover the chemistry, structure, and properties of polyurethane, with in-depth sections examining raw materials, reaction chemistry, synthesis techniques, reaction kinetics, material microstructure, and structure-property relationships. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how polyurethane can be utilized in medical device applications, examining biological properties, rheology and processing before methodical coverage explains how polyurethane may be used for each category of medical device. Finally, future directions, and safety and environmental aspects, are covered.

Plant Fibers, their Composites, and Applications provides a systematic and comprehensive account of recent research into plant fibers, including the synthesis of plant fiber reinforced polymer composites, characterization techniques, and a broad spectrum of applications. Plant fibers have generated great interest among material scientists due to their characteristics, which include availability, low cost, biodegradability, easy processability, excellent thermo-mechanical properties, low acoustic properties. They have been proven to be excellent replacements for synthetic fibers and have found applications in advanced polymer composites. Coverage includes every stage of working with plant fibers, including synthesis, processing, characterization, applications, recycling, and life cycle assessment of plant fibers and their composites. Drawing on work from leading researchers in industry, academia, government and private research institutions across the globe, this is a definitive one-stop reference for anyone working with plant fibers.

Hydrometallurgy: Theory provides the necessary fundamental background to the multidisciplinary field of hydrometallurgy, presenting the tools needed to utilize the theory to quantitatively describe, model and control the unit operations used in hydrometallurgical plants. The book describes the development and operation of processes utilizing hydrometallurgical operations, making it a valuable resource and reference for researchers, academics, students and industry professionals. It focuses on quantitative problem-solving with many worked examples and focused problems based on Nicol's many years of experience in teaching hydrometallurgy to students, researchers and industry professionals.

Sustainable Strategies in Organic Electronics reviews green materials and devices, sustainable processes in electronics, and the reuse, recycling and degradation of devices. Topics addressed include large-scale synthesis and fabrication of safe device materials processes that neither use toxic reagents, solvents or produce toxic by-products. Emerging opportunities such as new synthetic approaches for enabling the commercialization of pi-conjugated polymer-based devices are explored, along with new efforts towards incorporating materials from renewable resources for a low carbon footprint. Finally, the book discusses the latest advances towards device biodegradability and recycling. It is suitable for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, physicists in academia and industry.

Nano-biosorbents for Decontamination of Water, Air, and Soil Pollution explores the properties of nanobiosorbents and their applications in the removal of contaminants from the natural environment. The use of nanobiosorbents for environmental protection is a combinational approach that incorporates nanotechnology with naturally occurring biopolymers that form an amalgamation of nano-biopolymers used as sorbent materials in the removal of a variety of contaminants from wastewaters. This is an important reference source for materials scientists, bioscientists and environmental scientists who are looking to understand how nanobiosorbents are being used for a range of environmental applications.

There is a growing need for better membranes in several emerging application fields especially those related to energy conversion and storage as well as to water treatment and recycling. Processability, is an important functional property, often ignored, especially in the early discovery phase for new materials, but it should be one of the most important properties, that needs to be considered in the development of better membrane materials. Useful membrane materials have to be capable of being formed into thin membranes, in particular for membrane gas separation, water treatment and desalination, and then packaged, into large area membrane modules. All gas separation membranes that are in current commercial use are based on polymers, which are solution-processable. This book intends to deal with composite, in most cases hybrid polymer-based membranes for three separate application fields: energy conversion, energy storage and water treatment and recovery. Each chapter will explain clearly the various membrane processes then go on to discuss in detail the corresponding advanced membranes used. The logic that lies behind this is that you have to understand the process in order to develop new high-performance membranes. By taking this approach, the author aims to overcome the disconnection that currently exists between membrane materials scientists and industrial process engineers.

High Plasticity Magnesium Alloys focuses on the microstructure, mechanical properties and processing methods of magnesium alloy materials. The title offers theory and methods on high-plasticity magnesium alloys, including phase diagram construction, alloying and deformation. Four typical high-plasticity magnesium alloys are discussed through thermodynamic phase diagram construction and the characterization of their microstructure, mechanical properties and texture at as-cast, extruded, rolled and heat-treated states. Chapters update principle calculations for the effects of alloying elements, Mg-Gd-Zr medium strength and high-plasticity alloys, medium strength and high-plasticity Mg-Mn based alloys, medium strength and high-plasticity Mc-Sn based alloys, and Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Mn high-strength and high-plasticity magnesium alloys. This book presents the plasticity of magnesium alloys, and guides the design and development of new high-strength and high-plasticity magnesium alloys. It provides detailed solutions for practicing industrial engineers.

Electrochemical Sensors: From Working Electrodes to Functionalization and Miniaturized Devices provides an overview of the materials, preparation and fabrication methods for biosensor applications. The book introduces the field of electrochemistry and its fundamentals, also providing a practical overview of working electrodes as key components for the implementation of sensors and assays. Features covered include the prompt transfer of electrons, favorable redox behavior, biocompatibility, and inertness in terms of electrode fouling. Special attention is dedicated to analyzing the various working materials systems for electrodes used in electrochemical cells such as gold, carbon, copper, platinum and metal oxides. This book is suitable for academics and practitioners working in the disciplines of materials science and engineering, analytical chemistry and biomedical engineering.

Biomedical Product and Materials Evaluation: Standards and Ethics provides a much-needed overview of the procedures, issues, standards and ethical issues in the early development of biomedical products. The book covers a range of key biomedical products, from 3D printed organs and blood derived products, to stem calls and decellularized tissue products. Each chapter reviews a single product type, associated materials, biomedical applications, proven development strategies, and potential challenges. The core focus of the book is on the standardization and ethical aspects of biomedical product development, with these elements addressed and discussed in chapters dedicated to product evaluation. This is a useful reference for academics, researchers and industry professionals in R&D groups with an interest in biomaterial research and production, as well as those working in the fields of biomedical engineering, biotechnology and toxicology.

Bionanomaterials are identified as a perfect replacement, in the quest for the search of an alternative to toxic conventional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Bionanomaterials are the nanomaterials, that are fabricated via biomolecules or encapsulate or immobilize a conventional nanomaterial with a biomolecule. The biomolecules extracted from the microbes, plants, agricultural wastes, insects, marine organisms and certain animals are used for the formation of bionanomaterials. These bionanomaterials exhibited low or negligible toxicity towards humans, other organisms and the environment with enhanced biocompatibility, bioavailability and bioreactivity. Thus, the aim of this book is to provide an overview of various bionanomaterials, their synthesis, characterization and their application-oriented properties. The book is divided into two parts - Part 1 discusses about the bionanomaterials of exclusive natural origin, self-assembled bionanomaterials and their environmental application and Part 2 focuses on applications of distinct bionanomaterials in biomedical sciences. The 'Chapter 1 - Bionanomaterials: Definitions, sources, types, properties, market, toxicity and regulations' aims to provide an extensive overview of bionanomaterials, their definitions, sources, types and their properties. In addition, the toxicity of bionanomaterials and their regulations implied in recent times were also discussed. 'Chapter 2 - Nature inspired bionanomaterials' highlights different types of nature-inspired biosynthesized nanomaterials and their green synthesis methods, as well as some of their emerging applications, especially in the fields of nanomedicine, cosmetics, drug delivery, molecular imaging, and catalytic precursors. Further, the chapter also covers different types of bionanomaterials (e.g., viruses, protein cages, and phages) and highlights their unique properties and potential applications. 'Chapter 3 - Culinary spices mediated biogenesis of nanoparticles for cancer and diabetes treatment' deals with bionanomaterials synthesized by using extracts of culinary spices and its vital role in the treatment of distinct types of cancer and diabetes. In 'Chapter 4 - Environment friendly superhydrophobic bioactive nanocoatings', the authors have discussed the basics of exceptional water repellence behaviour and recent developments in the area of bioactive-SHC for various applications. In addition, the current and projected requirements for bioactive-SHC were also addressed. The authors of 'Chapter 5 - Self-assembly of nanobionics: from theory to application' reviewed, discussed, addressed and highlighted the recent advancements in bionics as an interdisciplinary field to understand the bionic materials and particles, that are mainly fabricated via self-assembly approach. In part 2, the 'Chapter 6 - Inorganic bionanomaterials for biomedical applications' provides an overview of inorganic bionanomaterials, its distinct types, synthesis procedures, properties and characteristics, which is essential for desired applications. 'Chapter 7 - Polymer nanomaterials for biomedical applications' is a comprehensive review of various polymer nanocomposite types, and further describes the synthesis, preparation, structure and biomedical application of nanocomposites. In addition, the recent developments in the field of polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications were also discussed. 'Chapter 8 - Lignin nanoparticles and their biomedical applications' aims in highlighting the current trends in lignin nanoparticle depolymerization approach, focusing on microbial lignin degradation, optimization, and its biomedical applications. The authors of 'Chapter 9 - Polymer-based nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery' addressed the use of polymeric bionanomaterials, including hydrogels, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds, nanocellulose, and carbohydrate nanocarriers with special emphasis to their material properties, fabrication technologies and applicability in specific targeted anatomical sites. Moreover, 'Chapter 10 - Cationic nanoparticles for treatment of neurological diseases' discusses about brain disorders, the role of nutraceuticals, mechanisms, delivery challenges, as well as formulation techniques and prospects of cationic nanoparticles in the therapeutic management of neuronal disorders, i.e., brain as site of drug target. Besides, 'Chapter 11 - Carbon nanomaterials for therapeutic applications' has highlighted the cutting-edge properties, mechanism of action, and advancements of carbon nanomaterials as drug delivery system in various diseases, such as cancer and inflammatory disorders. Further, the chapter also sheds light on the potential challenges, limitations, and future outlook for improving and growing carbon-based bionanomaterials. The final chapter 'Chapter 12 - Liposomal bionanomaterials for nucleic acid delivery' is a brief summary of various nucleic acid-based cationic liposomes as a potential bionanomaterial and its recent progress in the application of therapeutic nucleic acid delivery. We hope that this book will enlighten undergraduates, graduates, and industrial as well as academic researchers on the synthesis, characterization and property-oriented applications of certain exclusive bionanomaterials.

Nanomaterials for Electrocatalysis provides an overview of the different types of nanomaterials, design principles and synthesis protocols used for electrocatalytic reactions. The book is divided into four parts that thoroughly describe basic principles and fundamental of electrocatalysis, different types of nanomaterials used, and their electrocatalytic applications, limitations and future perspectives. As electrochemical systems containing nanomaterials, with relevance to experimental situation, yield better results, this book highlights new information and findings.

Hybrid Nanofluids: Preparation, Characterization and Applications presents the history of hybrid nanofluids, preparation techniques, thermoelectrical properties, rheological behaviors, optical properties, theoretical modeling and correlations, and the effect of all these factors on potential applications, such as solar energy, electronics cooling, heat exchangers, machining, and refrigeration. Future challenges and future work scope have also been included. The information from this book enables readers to discover novel techniques, resolve existing research limitations, and create novel hybrid nanofluids which can be implemented for heat transfer applications.

Micro- and Nanoengineered Gum-Based Biomaterials for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications focuses on micro- and nanotechnology in gums and biopolymers as drug and biomolecule carriers and their applications in biomedicine. Currently, natural gums and polymers are widely utilized as biocarrier systems, to deliver drugs and biomolecules to the target site, for prolonged release and the desired therapeutic effect. Natural gums and polymers are important because they are easily available from natural sources and are characteristically biodegradable, biocompatible, and nontoxic. Natural gums and polymers are also chemically modified with other polymers, in the presence of cross-linking agents, to develop scaffolds, matrices, composites, and interpenetrating polymer networks using micro- and nanotechnology. The book also discusses biological applications, such as gene delivery, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, bioimaging, and theranostics. This book is an important reference source for biomaterials scientists, biomedical engineers, and pharmaceutical scientists, who are looking to increase their understanding of how micro- and nanoengineered biomaterials are being used to create more efficient gum-based drug delivery systems.

Bionanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications provides fundamental information on recent developments in this important field of research. The book comprehensively summarizes recent technical research accomplishments in bionanocomposites for food packaging applications. It discusses various aspects of green and sustainable bionanocomposites from the point-of-view of chemistry and engineering. Key chapters include methods of fabrication, processing and advanced production techniques, characterization, PLA, PCL, PGA, Poly (butylene succinate), Chitosan, Starch, Cellulose, PHAs, PHB, Carrageenan, Lignin and Protein-based bionanocomposites for food packaging applications. In addition, the book highlights lifecycle analysis and impacts on health and the environment. Modern technologies for processing and strategies for improving performance, such as biodegradability and permeability, both of which are key factors to achieve environmentally friendly alternatives to more traditional plastic materials are also included.

Graphene Oxide-Metal Oxide and other Graphene Oxide-Based Composites in Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis reflects on recent progress and challenges in graphene-metal oxide composites. The book reviews synthetic strategies, characterization methods and applications in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. Graphene-metal oxides, graphene-novel metals and other composites intended for sustainable energy production, energy storage, and environmental development such as H2 production, CO2 reduction, pollutant removal, supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries are covered. Overall, this book presents a comprehensive, systematic, and up-to-date summary on graphene oxide-based materials. Graphene oxide and related composite materials bring new perspectives and prospects to both photocatalysts and electrocatalysts. The collective and synergistic effect between graphene oxide and metal oxide are manifold. The significance of the relationship among these groups of materials, their structures and performance is emphasized.

Conjugated Polymers for Next-Generation Applications, Volume One: Synthesis, Properties and Optoelectrochemical Devices describes the synthesis and characterization of varied conjugated polymeric materials and their key applications, including active electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors and lithium-ion batteries, along with new ideas of functional materials for next-generation high-energy batteries, a discussion of common design procedures, and the pros and cons of conjugated polymers for certain applications. The book's emphasis lies in the underlying electronic properties of conjugated polymers, their characterization and analysis, and the evaluation of their effectiveness for utilization in energy and electronics applications. This book is ideal for researchers and practitioners in the area of materials science, chemistry and chemical engineering.