Biomaterials are used in many areas of medicine, particularly in surgery and d- tistry. In orthopedic surgery, total hip arthroplasty has been extremely successful, and has been called 'the operation of the 20th century'. Total hip arthroplasty is r- tinely performed every day in most orthopedic departments. Over the last decades, many efforts have been made to better integrate the components within the recipient bones, to decrease the friction at the prosthetic interface, and to minimize wear. Minimally invasive procedures have been developed, and various designs are inte- ed to preserve as much as possible of the bone stock of young patients. By contrast, the clinical results have been less favorable after various hand and wrist joint replacements. Many early designs have failed, the clinical data of the current pr- theses are frequently quite limited, and there is often insufficient biomechanical information available, although trapezio-metacarpal arthroplasty in particular has become quite popular in recent years. In order to promote progress in hand and wrist arthroplasty, Antonio Merolli and Thomas J. Joyce have edited this lovely book, whose chapters discuss current research and recent advances in hand and wrist arthroplasty. The problems of metacarpophalangeal joint prostheses are particularly developed.

Acres of Skin sheds light on a dark episode in American medical history. From the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s, inmates at Philadelphia's Holmesburg Prison were used, in exchange for a few dollars, as guinea pigs in a host of medical experiments. Drawing on in-depth interviews with dozens of prisoners as well as the doctors and prison officials who, respectively, performed and enforced these tests, Allen M. Hornblum paints a harrowing portrait of medical abuse, moral indifference, and stark greed.
Acres of Skin raises provocative questions about human rights, prison treatment, and medical and research ethics as he exposes what really happened behind the locked doors of this American prison. The book answers the question: were there other prisons like this?

This volume describes important medical discoveries, from the introduction of the first antibiotic to the present, where serendipity, intuition, coincidence, or laboratory accident played an important role in bringing a discovery to light. Although chance is the principal determinant, the book emphasizes other factors, such as economic and political exigencies and being in the right place at the right time.

This volume discusses the latest technologies used to study all aspects of Fragile-X Syndrome (FXS). The chapters in this book cover topics such as monitoring for epigenetic modifications at the FMR1 locus; modeling FXS with human pluripotent stem cells, mouse neural progenitors; mouse versus human-based models for FXS pre-clinical research; and Fragile-X associated with Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Fragile-X Syndrome: Methods and Protocols is a valuable tool to help scientists working towards one day developing a therapeutic solution to improve the symptoms of FXS. Chapter "Induced Neurons for the Study of Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This volume collates articles investigating antioxidant, oxidant and free radical research. It examines the role of such research in health and disease, particulary with respect to developing greater understanding about the many interactions between oxidants and antioxidants, and how such substances may act as natural protectants and /or natural toxicants.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic basis underlying endocrine diseases. It covers both the molecular and clinical consequences of these genetic defects, as well as the relevance for clinical care, highlighting issues of genetic counseling. Several endocrine diseases have a genetic background, and contemporary research in the field plays a crucial role in the clinical care of endocrine diseases. In recent years, there have been major developments in our understanding of the genetic basis of endocrine diseases. Several novel genes and mutations predisposing individuals to monogenic endocrine diseases have been discovered, and with the advent of next generation sequencing, a huge amount of new data has become available. Further, novel molecular mechanisms, such as genomic imprinting, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of endocrine diseases. A better understanding of the genetic background of these diseases is relevant not only from the research perspective, but also in terms of clinical care. As such, this book is an essential read for both researchers and clinicians working in the field.

Chemoprevention of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Berries, by Gary D. Stoner and Li-Shu Wang

Cancer Prevention by Different Forms of Tocopherols, by Chung S. Yang and Nanjoo Suh

Cancer Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Potential of Guggulsterone, by Inas Almazari and Young-Joon Surh

Inhibition of UVB-Induced Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: A Path from Tea to Caffeine to Exercise to Decreased Tissue Fat, by Allan H. Conney, You-Rong Lou, Paul Nghiem, Jamie J. Bernard, George C. Wagner and Yao-Ping Lu

Cancer Chemoprevention and Nutri-Epigenetics: State of the Art and Future Challenges, by Clarissa Gerhauser

A Perspective on Dietary Phytochemicals and Cancer Chemoprevention: Oxidative Stress, Nrf2, and Epigenomics, by Zheng-Yuan Su, Limin Shu, Tin Oo Khor, Jong Hun Lee, Francisco Fuentes and Ah-Ng Tony Kong

Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling: A Target for Cancer Prevention by Sulforaphane, by Thomas W. Kensler, Patricia A. Egner, Abena S. Agyeman, Kala Visvanathan, John D. Groopman, Jian-Guo Chen, Tao-Yang Chen, Jed W. Fahey and Paul Talalay

Chemoprotection Against Cancer by Isothiocyanates: A Focus on the Animal Models and the Protective Mechanisms, by Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova

Human Cancer Chemoprevention: Hurdles and Challenges, by Vaqar Mustafa Adhami and Hasan Mukhtar

Personalizing Lung Cancer Prevention Through a Reverse Migration Strategy, by Kathryn A. Gold, Edward S. Kim, Ignacio I. Wistuba and Waun K. Hong

Natural-Agent Mechanisms and Early-Phase Clinical Development, by Janet L. Wang, Kathryn A. Gold and Scott M. Lippman

"

Meta-analysis is the application of statistics to combine results from multiple studies and draw appropriate inferences. Its use and importance have exploded over the last 25 years as the need for a robust evidence base has become clear in many scientific areas, including medicine and health, social sciences, education, psychology, ecology, and economics. Recent years have seen an explosion of methods for handling complexities in meta-analysis, including explained and unexplained heterogeneity between studies, publication bias, and sparse data. At the same time, meta-analysis has been extended beyond simple two-group comparisons of continuous and binary outcomes to comparing and ranking the outcomes from multiple groups, to complex observational studies, to assessing heterogeneity of effects, and to survival and multivariate outcomes. Many of these methods are statistically complex and are tailored to specific types of data. Key features Rigorous coverage of the full range of current statistical methodology used in meta-analysis Comprehensive, coherent, and unified overview of the statistical foundations behind meta-analysis Detailed description of the primary methods for both univariate and multivariate data Computer code to reproduce examples in chapters Thorough review of the literature with thousands of references Applications to specific types of biomedical and social science data Supplementary website with code, data, sample chapters, and errata This book is for a broad audience of graduate students, researchers, and practitioners interested in the theory and application of statistical methods for meta-analysis. It is written at the level of graduate courses in statistics, but will be of interest to and readable for quantitative scientists from a range of disciplines. The book can be used as a graduate level textbook, as a general reference for methods, or as an introduction to specialized topics using state-of-the art methods.

This unique reference provides concise, single-source coverage of the clinical, research, and therapeutic aspects of dermatological problems associated with bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Introduces many novel antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral agents
Highlighting the molecular biology as well as risk - benefit ratios of new diagnostic and treatment modalities, Cutaneous Infection and Therapy
evaluates the role of antimicrobial soaps in personal hygiene and research on preoperative skin preparation and infection rates
discusses reasons for the reduced risk of infection using occlusive wound dressings
explains the epidemiology, presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of athlete's foot and fungal diseases of the scalp
presents new oral antifungals for the treatment of onychomycosis
examines the advantages and disadvantages of preparations to treat superficial fungal infections
addresses oral candidiasis in HIV infection and the resistance to antifungal therapy in AIDS patients
reviews the patterns of candidiasis in children and current approaches to antifungal therapy
covers the epidemiology, implications, and management of herpes in pregnant women and newborns
and much more

This superb account of the development of scientific research in the state of Baden places the growth of big science in 19th century Germany within a broad social and economic context. The book analyses the growth of scientific research and its institutionalization in the state university system. With the focus on the experimental sciences, the book explores the introduction of the research ethic into the university medical curriculum, and the process by which laboratory science came to be an essential pedagogical tool in the education of the future citizens of the state. The social and economic changes that ultimately transformed Germany into a modern industrial state are considered. It was within this setting that laboratory training, once considered inappropriate for university studies, slowly increased in status, and dissatisfaction with the overly theoretical education traditionally offered by the universities began to grow. Thus, much like computers today, the scientific method in the nineteenth century came to represent an instrument for teaching not only specific skills but also a particular way of approaching, analysing, and solving the problems of an industrializing economy. This compelling volume will be of interest to historians of science, medicine, and European studies.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. The world-renowned experts at JAMA (R) explain statistical analysis and the methods used in medical research Written in the language and style appropriate for clinicians and researchers, this new JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods provides explanations and expert discussion of the statistical analytic approaches and methods used in the medical research reported in articles appearing in JAMA and the JAMA Network journals. This addition to the JAMAevidence (R) series is particularly timely and necessary because today's physicians and other health care professionals must pursue lifelong learning to keep up with the ever-expanding universe of new medical science and evidence-based clinical information. Readers and users of research articles must have a firm grasp of the myriad new statistical, analytic, and methodologic approaches used in contemporary medical studies. To provide concrete examples, the explanations in the book link to research articles that incorporate the specific statistical test or methodological approach being discussed.

Animal experimentation is one of the most controversial areas of debate on animal rights. Biomedical research is at the hard edge of these debates: it throws up fundamental questions of moral value - of whether human life is more important than that of animals. Much experimentation is defended by its apparent success in terms of increasing medical knowledge. This study investigates whether biomedical research using animals is, in fact, scientifically justified. The authors show that in scientific terms - using the models that scientists themselves use - these claims are exaggerated, or even false. They argue that we need to reassess our use of animals and, indeed, rethink the standard positions in the debate. Their analysis reveals why research using animals might be a source of hypotheses about human biomedical phenomena, yet would never prove or establish anything about this phenomena.

This book is being planned as a tribute to Dr. Victor A. McKusick (1921-2008), who is well known as the "father of medical genetics". He was long associated with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, first as a student in the 1940s, and later as a faculty member, becoming the Chairman of the Department of Medicine at Johns Hopkins. He was a co-founder of GENOMICS and founder and lifelong editor of Mendelian Inheritance in Man, a massive compendium of human syndromes and genetic variants. Dr. McKusick made distinguished contributions to all branches of medical genetics. He was a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and many other academies in the world. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 2002. He received many other honors including several honorary doctorates. The proposed book will reflect all the fields touched upon by Dr. McKusick's contributions. It will be a valuable source of the latest progress in medical genetics. The contributors are internationally distinguished in their chosen specialties. Besides professional distinction, they are being selected because of their past association with Dr. McKusick, as former students or colleagues who extended his research in some fashion. The proposed book will reflect all the fields touched upon by Dr. McKusick's contributions. It will be a valuable source of the latest progress in medical genetics. The contributors are internationally distinguished in their chosen specialties. Besides professional distinction, they are being selected because of their past association with Dr. McKusick, as former students or colleagues who extended his research in some fashion.

In longitudinal studies it is often of interest to investigate how a marker that is repeatedly measured in time is associated with a time to an event of interest, e.g., prostate cancer studies where longitudinal PSA level measurements are collected in conjunction with the time-to-recurrence. Joint Models for Longitudinal and Time-to-Event Data: With Applications in R provides a full treatment of random effects joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event outcomes that can be utilized to analyze such data. The content is primarily explanatory, focusing on applications of joint modeling, but sufficient mathematical details are provided to facilitate understanding of the key features of these models. All illustrations put forward can be implemented in the R programming language via the freely available package JM written by the author. All the R code used in the book is available at: http://jmr.r-forge.r-project.org/

Phage Display in Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of the impact and promise of phage display in drug discovery and biotechnology. Building on the success of its previous edition, the book discusses current theories, principles, and methods in the field and demonstrates applications for peptide phage display, protein phage display, and the development of novel antibodies. The book provides readers with an overview of the amazing breadth of the impact that phage display technology has had on the study of proteins in general as well as the development of proteins. It will be a valuable resource for those interested in using phage display and recombinant antibodies in basic research and drug discovery. Key Features: Describes the basic principles of phage display and the methods and systems that have been developed for key applications Outlines applications for peptide phage display in the development of vaccines and high- throughput screens as well as the exploration of protein-protein interactions and enzyme substrate characteristics Details the use of phage display in the engineering of protein stability, the identification and mapping of protein-protein interactions, and the development of catalysts Provides broad coverage of the impact of phage display technology on the development of protein therapeutics Presents expert opinions on future challenges in the field

The germfree animal is reared in the laboratory to be bacteria free; its counterpart, the gnotobiotic animal, is exposed to select microorganisms. The need for such an animal model for use in biomedical studies was first expressed by Pasteur in the late 1800s. Subsequent development of germfree and gnotobiotic animals led to an explosion of studies on the effects of microflora and its components on the physiology and metabolism of the host. Germfree and Gnotobiotic Animal Models brings together the most notable points of early and recent studies and gives reference to the most pertinent literature.

In 1993, the genetic mutation responsible for Huntington's disease (HD) was identified. Considered a milestone in human genomics, this discovery has led to nearly two decades of remarkable progress that has greatly increased our knowledge of HD, and documented an unexpectedly large and diverse range of biochemical and genetic perturbations that seem to result directly from the expression of the mutant huntingtin gene. Neurobiology of Huntington's Disease: Applications to Drug Discovery presents a thorough review of the issues surrounding drug discovery and development for the treatment of this paradigmatic neurodegenerative disease. Drawing on the expertise of key researchers in the field, the book discusses the basic neurobiology of Huntington's disease and how its monogenic nature confers enormous practical advantages for translational research, including the creation of robust experimental tools, models, and assays to facilitate discovery and validation of molecular targets and drug candidates for HD. Written to support future basic research as well as drug development efforts, this volume: Covers the latest research approaches in genetics, genomics, and proteomics, including high-throughput and high-content screening Highlights advances in the discovery and development of new drug therapies for neurodegenerative disorders Examines the practical realities of preclinical testing, clinical testing strategies, and, ultimately, clinical usage While the development of effective drug treatments for Huntington's disease continues to be tremendously challenging, a highly interactive and cooperative community of researchers and clinical investigators now brings us to the threshold of potential breakthroughs in the quest for therapeutic agents. The impressive array of drug discovery resources outlined in the text holds much promise for treating this devastating disease, providing hope to long-suffering Huntington's disease patients and their families.

Data Monitoring in Clinical Trial: A Practical Perspective ist die erweiterte 2. Auflage des weit verbreiteten und viel beachteten Fachbuchs, das erstmals im Jahr 2002 erschienen ist. Es bietet einen fundierten und aktuellen UEberblick uber Datenkontrollkomitees, deren Einrichtung, Zweck und Zustandigkeiten. - Enthalt direkt umsetzbare Handreichungen fur alle, die klinische Studien verwalten und durchfuhren, sowie fur Mitglieder von Datenkontrollkomitees. - Liefert Mitgliedern von Behoerden- und Ethikkommissionen Einblicke in die Kontrolle klinischer Daten. - Diskutiert Themen mit Relevanz fur diejenigen, die in den USA und in Europa an klinischen Studien arbeiten. Die praktischen Handlungsansatze in diesem Buch sind fur Experten aus dem akademischen Bereich, bei Regierungsstellen und aus der Industrie, vor allem fur Medizinstatistiker, Kliniker, Koordinatoren von klinischen Studien von Nutzen, ob sie Studien durchfuhren und/oder begleiten. Ebenso relevant ist dieses Praktikerbuch fur Mitarbeiter bei Regulierungsstellen und im Bereich der Bioethik.

Evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials is widely accepted as the only sound basis for assessing the efficacy of new medical treatments. Statistical methods play a key role in all stages of these trials, including their justification, design, and analysis. This second edition of Introduction to Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials provides a concise presentation of the principles applied in this area. It details the concepts behind randomization and methods for designing and analyzing trials and also includes information on meta-analysis and specialized designs, such as cross-over trials, cluster-randomized designs, and equivalence studies. This latest edition features new and revised references, examples, exercises, and a new chapter dedicated to binary outcomes and survival analysis. It also presents numerous examples taken from the medical literature, contains exercises at the end of each chapter, and offers solutions in an appendix. The author uses Minitab and R software throughout the text for implementing the methods that are presented. Comprehensive and accessible, Introduction to Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials is well-suited for those familiar with elementary statistical ideas and methods who want to further their knowledge of the subject.

This is the first book devoted exclusively to the subject of immunogold-silver staining. This volume is authored by 47 distinguished scientist representing 12 countries. The primary objective of this book is to discuss principles, methods, and applications of IGSS.

Public health researchers and clinicians regularly work with people who have suffered physical and mental trauma. Knowing how to conduct a study or treat a patient while navigating deep emotional issues requires special skills and overall awareness of how trauma can impact the process and outcomes of participating in research and/or receiving health care. This book presents a diverse array of case examples from scholars of health-related topics, focusing on biographical narrative as a window into understanding key needs in trauma informed scholarship and medicine. Exploring stories from people of varied backgrounds, experiences, and contexts can help professionals within and beyond the academic research and clinical care spheres create rewarding experiences for patients. Negotiating the Emotional Challenges of Conducting Deeply Personal Research in Health will be of interest to public health practitioners, educators and researchers as well as students.

Examining the strengths and limitations of various standards of accuracy in clinical laboratory analyses, this detailed reference presents an in-depth study of important theoretical and empirical issues concerning the description, collection, and application of reference values in laboratory medicine.

This is a review of what needs to be done to realize the potential of monoclonal antibodies. It assesses the competing technologies with advice on the best approach for a particular situation. Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized immunology and are now promising to have a similar impact on clinical medicine. Recent developments should overcome many of the difficulties experienced in the past which has seen a great deal of talk about the therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies, but very little routine therapy.

Based on the presentations given by well-known specialists at a recent multidisciplinary conference of developmental psychobiologists, obstetricians, and physiologists, this book is the first exhaustive attempt to synthesize the present scientific knowledge on fetal behavior. Utilizing a psychobiological analytic approach, it provides the reader with an overview of the perspectives, hypotheses, and experimental results from a group of basic scientists and clinicians who conduct research to elucidate the role of fetal behavior in development. Experimental and clinical as well as human and animal data are explored via comparative developmental analysis. The ontogeny of fetal spontaneous activity -- via the maturation of "behavioral states" -- and of fetal responsiveness to sensory stimulation is studied in detail. Results are provided from studies of embryonic/fetal and newborn behavior in chicks, rats, sheep, primates, and humans. Knowledge of fetal behavior is crucial to the obstetrician, neonatologist, developmental psychologist, and even the future parents, in order to follow and assess the gradual development of spontaneous responsive movements of the fetus. While assessing this important information, this text also examines the neuro-behavioral events taking place during the fetal period as an aid to understanding normal and pathological life span development.

If we will ever achieve Paul Ehrlich's "magic bullet," that is, a molecule which goes with high selectivity to the therapeutic target site, does what it needs to do, and is subsequently cleared from the body, the practice of safety assessment will have to change. Nonclinical Drug Administration: Formulations, Routes and Regimens for Solving Drug Delivery Problems in Animal Model Systems seeks to address a trio of objectives that, though separate, are linked and central to biomedical science and, ultimately, medicine. Rather seeing these as separate "silos," those working in nonclinical safety assessment will have to view these three in an integrated manner and to regularly and thoughtfully incorporate new information and technology. The trio of objectives this book explores are: first, to present how to deliver more of a drug product systemically to facilitate the regulatory need for evaluating safety and efficacy in animal species (at elevated exposure levels) prior to advancing the drug to human testing; second is to achieve better tolerance to therapeutics administration in test animals and humans which achieves objectives 1 and 3; and third, to explore ways to improve on therapeutic target receptor delivery performance, therefore improving both clinical pharmacodynamics bioavailability and specificity. The book's ten chapters assemble the basic concepts, principles and hypotheses involved in quantitative receptor and chronological organism interaction dynamics central to the successful development of new therapeutics which depend on systemic administration to achieve desired therapeutic goals and in so doing avoid outcomes which limit, marginalize, or preclude the therapeutic use of so many molecules.