This volume reviews the most important recent findings of the studies on pathogenic E. coli providing a timely overview of the field. The topics covered include epidemiology of the disease in humans and animals and the biological mechanisms that shaped the pathogenic types of E. coli; shiga toxins; subtilase cytotoxin; cell cycle modulating toxins; the heat stable and heat labile exterotoxins; and much more.

"International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology "presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology--both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. Impact factor for 2008: 4.935.

* Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field * Provides up-to-date information and directions for future research * Valuable reference material for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and professional scientists

This book discusses the paradigm-shifting phenomenon of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and hybrid proteins containing ordered domains and functional IDP regions (IDPRs). The properties of IDPs and IDPRs are highly complementary to those deriving from the presence of a unique and well-defined three-dimensional fold. Ignored for a long time in high-resolution studies of proteins, intrinsic protein disorder is now recognized as one of the key features for a large variety of cellular functions, where structural flexibility presents a functional advantage in terms of binding plasticity and promiscuity and this volume explores this exciting new research. Recent progress in the field has radically changed our perspective to study IDPs through NMR: increasingly complex IDPs can now be characterized, a wide range of observables can be determined reporting on the structural and dynamic properties, computational methods to describe the structure and dynamics are in continuous development and IDPs can be studied in environments as complex as whole cells. This volume communicates the new exciting possibilities offered by NMR and presents open questions to foster further developments. Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Studied by NMR Spectroscopy provides a snapshot to researchers entering the field as well as providing a current overview for more experienced scientists in related areas.

"International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology "presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology--both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. Impact factor for 2008: 4.935.

* Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field * Provides up-to-date information and directions for future research * Valuable reference material for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and professional scientists

Single molecule tools have begun to revolutionize the molecular sciences, from biophysics to chemistry to cell biology. They hold the promise to be able to directly observe previously unseen molecular heterogeneities, quantitatively dissect complex reaction kinetics, ultimately miniaturize enzyme assays, image components of spatially distributed samples, probe the mechanical properties of single molecules in their native environment, and "just look at the thing" as anticipated by the visionary Richard Feynman already half a century ago. This volume captures a snapshot of this vibrant, rapidly expanding field, presenting articlesfrom pioneers in the fieldintended to guide both the newcomer and the expert through the intricacies of getting single molecule tools.

* Includestime-tested coremethods and new innovationsapplicable to any researcher employing single molecule tools * Methods included are useful to both establishedresearchers and newcomers to the field * Relevant background and reference information given for procedures can be used as a guide to developing protocols in a number of disciplines"

"International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology "presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology--both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. Impact factor for 2008: 4.935.

* Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field * Provides up-to-date information and directions for future research * Valuable reference material for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and professional scientists

This fully updated edition of the best-selling three-part "Methods in Enzymology "series, "Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology "is specifically designed to meet the needs of graduate students, postdoctoral students, and researchers by providing all the up-to-date methods necessary to study genes in yeast. Procedures are included that enable newcomers to set up a yeast laboratory and to master basic manipulations. Relevant background and reference information given for procedures can be used as a guide to developing protocols in a number of disciplines. This volume serves as an essential reference for any beginning or experienced researcher in the field.
Provides up-to-date methods necessary to study genes in yeast.
Includes proceedures that enable newcomers to set up a yeast laboratory and to master basic manipulations.
This volume serves as an essential reference for any beginning or experienced researcher in the field.

This volume comprehensively covers new technologies and methodologies that have appeared for the study of mouse development.

This volume is the first of a 2 part update of volume 225, "Guide to Techniques in Mouse Development," edited by P.M. Wassarman and M.L. DePamphilis and published in 1993.

Comprehensively covers new techniques for the cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, production of transgenic and null (knockout) animals (use of ES cells), generation of conditional/inducible mutant animals, use of gene-trap mutagenesis, analysis of allele-specific expression, use of new reporter constructs, humanizing of transgenic animals, transcript profiling of mouse development, imaging of mouse development, and rederivation of animals and use of mouse genomics.

Guide to Techniques in Mouse Development, Part B, is an authoritative guide to different methods used in enzymology, focusing on investigating mouse development using technological advances. The text provides information regarding the principles of the methods in mouse development, and it offers readers reliable experimental protocols and recipes described comprehensively by leaders in the field of enzymology. The text is divided into three sections and organized into 25 chapters. Below are several concepts covered by the text: Lentivirus transgenesis o Germline modification using mouse stem cells Electroporation Applications of transposons in mouse genetics Functional genomics using transposon systems The use of DNA transposons in detecting cancer genes in mice Recombination, conditional mutagenesis and induction of tamoxifen Genetic fate mapping using recombinases Genetic screens mouse ES cells Gene trap mutagenesis Mouse mutagenesis Self- renewal and pluripotency Transgenic RNAi applications Gene knockdowns Tetracycline-controlled transcription Gene expression profiling of mouse embryos The book is a comprehensive guide for students and professionals in genetics, cytology and molecular biology, who will find this book invaluable for their learning and practice.

This fully updated edition of the best-selling three-part "Methods in Enzymology "series, "Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology "is specifically designed to meet the needs of graduate students, postdoctoral students, and researchers by providing all the up-to-date methods necessary to study genes in yeast. Procedures are included that enable newcomers to set up a yeast laboratory and to master basic manipulations. This volume serves as an essential reference for any beginning or experienced researcher in the field.
Provides up-to-date methods necessary to study genes in yeast.
Includes proceedures that enable newcomers to set up a yeast laboratory and to master basic manipulations.
This volume serves as an essential reference for any beginning or experienced researcher in the field.

This volume focuses on various approaches to studying long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including techniques for finding lncRNAs, localization, and observing their functions. The chapters in this book cover how to catalog lncRNAs in various plant species; determining subcellular localization; protein interactions; structures; and RNA modifications. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and innovative, Plant Long Non-Coding RNAs: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource that aids researchers in understanding the functions of lncRNAs in different plant species, and helps them explore currently uncharted facets of plant biology.

"International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology "presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology--both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. Impact factor for 2008: 4.935.

* Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field * Provides up-to-date information and directions for future research * Valuable reference material for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and professional scientists

One of the most pressing tasks in biotechnology today is to unlock the function of each of the thousands of new genes identified every day. Scientists do this by analyzing and interpreting proteins, which are considered the task force of a gene. This single source reference covers all aspects of proteins, explaining fundamentals, synthesizing the latest literature, and demonstrating the most important bioinformatics tools available today for protein analysis, interpretation and prediction. Students and researchers of biotechnology, bioinformatics, proteomics, protein engineering, biophysics, computational biology, molecular modeling, and drug design will find this a ready reference for staying current and productive in this fast evolving interdisciplinary field.

Explains all aspects of proteins including sequence and structure analysis, prediction of protein structures, protein folding, protein stability, and protein interactions

Teaches readers how to analyze their own datasets using available online databases, software tools, and web servers, which are listed and updated on the book s web companion page.

Presents a cohesive and accessible overview of the field, using illustrations to explain key concepts and detailed exercises for students."

This volume introduces databases containing the results from the recent revolution in sequencing technologies. Chapters in Plant Genomics Databases: Methods and Protocols describe database content, as well as typical use-cases. Some chapters explore databases that primarily present genome sequences focusing on one or a few related species, while others include additional datatypes and/or data from various plant species. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Plant Genomics Databases: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for providing clear guidance in accessing an important collection of plant databases that can be used to add biological value to genomic data.

Ever since the birth of molecular biology, the tantalizing possibility of treating disease at its genetic roots has become increasingly feasible. Gene therapy - though still in its infancy - remains one of the hottest areas of research in medicine. Its approach utilizes a gene transfer vehicle ('vector') to deliver therapeutic DNA or RNA to cells of the body in order to rectify the defect that is causing the disease. Successful therapies have been reported in humans in recent years such as cures in boys with severe immune deficiencies. Moreover, gene therapy strategies are being adapted in numerous biomedical laboratories to obtain novel treatments for a variety of diseases and to study basic biological aspects of disease. Correction of disease in animal studies, is steadily gaining ground, highlighting the immense potential of gene therapy in the medical profession.This book will cover topics that are at the forefront of biomedical research such as RNA interference, viral and non-viral gene transfer systems, treatment of hematological diseases and disorders of the central nervous system. Leading experts on the respective vector or disease will contribute the individual chapters and explain cutting-edge technologies. It also gives a broad overview of the most important gene transfer vectors and most extensively studied target diseases. This comprehensive guide is therefore a must-read for anyone in the biotechnology, biomedical or medical industries seeking to further their knowledge in the area of human gene therapy.

Volume 6 of Biomembranes covers transmembrane receptors and channels. A particularly important role for the membrane is that of passing messages between a cell and its environment. Part I of this volume covers receptors for hormones and growth factors. Here, as in so many other areas of cell biology, the application of the methods of molecular biology have led to the recognition of a number of families of receptors. Typically, such receptors contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular catalytic domain whose activation, as a result of ligand binding, leads to generation of second messengers within the cell and stimulation of a range of cytosolic enzymes. An alternative signaling strategy, exploited in particular in the nervous system, is to use ion channels to allow controlled movement of monovalent (Na+, K+) or divalent (Ca2+) cations in or out of the cell, resulting in changes in membrane potential or alterations in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+. Part II of this volume is concerned with these ion channels and with other, often simpler, ion channel systems whose study can throw light on channel mechanism.

Progenitor cells have become important in regenerative medicine therapies, due to their potential to differentiate into many cell types. This capability, and understanding how to regulate the cells, will provide the basis for future cell therapies aimed at correcting tissue and organ dysfunction as a result of disease or injury. In, Progenitor Cells: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to investigate progenitor cells. These include methods and techniques of the manipulation of physical forces that shape progenitor cell behavior, studying progenitor cells in vivo, using non-mammalian and mammalian model systems, and investigating human progenitor cells, including their isolation, characterization and application in cell-based therapies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Progenitor Cells : Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the further study progenitor cells and how they are studied across multiple systems.

Volume 5 of Biomembranes covers an important group of membrane proteins, the ATPases. The P-type ATPases couple the hydrolysis of ATP to the movement of ions across a membrane and are characterized by the formation of a phosphoyrlated intermediate. Included are the plasma membrane and muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPases, the (Na+ -K+) -ATPase, the gastric (H+ -K+) -ATPase, the plasma membrane H+ -ATPase of fungi and plants, the Mg2+ - transport ATPase, the Salmonella typhimurium, and the K+ -ATPase of Escherichia coli, KdpB. The other important classes of ATPase in eukaryotic systems are the vacuolar H+ -ATPases and the F0F1 ATP synthase, and, in bacteria, the anion-translocating ATPases, responsible for resistance to arsenicals and antimonials, and the (Na+ -Mg2+) -ATPase of Acholeplasma. Finally, eukaryotic systems contain a variety of ectonucleotidases important, for example, in hydrolysis of extracellular ATP released as a cotransmitter from cholinergic and adrenergic nerve terminals. Volume 5 of Biomembranes explores structure-function relationships for these mebrane-bound ATPases.

Classical natural product chemistry is transitioning to modern day metabolomics as a result of the advent of comprehensive analytical platforms and sensitive analytical instrumentation. Therefore, it is worthwhile to summarize recent developments with current analytical platforms and highlight how metabolomics is being integrated into this classical field to dereplicate and profile natural product extracts. Metabolomics Tools for Natural Product Discoveries: Methods and Protocols aims to unite diverse and recently developed methodologies and protocols in order to identify bioactive secondary metabolites for the purpose of drug discovery. Some topics covered in this volume include applications for the extraction of selected natural products from less common sources such as bryophytes and hard corals, various biological assays, comprehensive applications and strategies for GC-MS, LC-MS, and NMR, as well as protocols and strategies for the structure elucidation of isolated natural products. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible Metabolomics Tools for Natural Product Discoveries: Methods and Protocols seeks to serve both professionals and research students with its well-honed methodologies for natural product isolation, biomarker discovery, dereplication, biological assays, and comprehensive metabolomic platforms available for high-throughput analyses.

Along with its companion volume on intraflagellar transport, this book provides researchers with a comprehensive and up-to-date source of methods for the analysis cilia and flagella, focusing primarily on approaches that have been devised or significantly extended since the last volume of Methods in Cell Biology on this topic (volume 47, 1995). Edited by Stephen M. King and Gregory J. Pazour, the newest installment of this highly acclaimed serial will serve as an essential addition to the study of cilia and flagella.

* Covers protocols for cilia and flagella across systems and species * Both classic and state-of-the-art methods readily adaptable across model systems, and designed to last the test of time * Relevant to clinicians interested in respiratory disease, male infertility, and other syndromes, who need to learn biochemical, molecular, and genetic approaches to studying cilia, flagella, and related structures

"International Review of Cell & Molecular Biology" presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology--both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth.

* Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field * Provides up-to-date information and directions for future research * Valuable reference material for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and professional scientists

This fully revised 2e provides the only unified synthesis of available information concerning the mechanisms of higher-order memory formation. It spans the range from learning theory, to human and animal behavioral learning models, to cellular physiology and biochemistry. It is unique in its incorporation of chapters on memory disorders, tying in these clinically important syndromes with the basic science of synaptic plasticity and memory mechanisms. It also covers cutting-edge approaches such as the use of genetically engineered animals in studies of memory and memory diseases. Written in an engaging and easily readable style and extensively illustrated with many new, full-color figures to help explain key concepts, this book demystifies the complexities of memory and deepens the reader s understanding.
More than 25% new content, particularly expanding the scope to include new findings in translational research. Unique in its depth of coverage of molecular and cellular mechanisms Extensive cross-referencing to Comprehensive Learning and Memory Discusses clinically relevant memory disorders in the context of modern molecular research and includes numerous practical examples
"

In this volume we will cover technologies and associated methodologies that allow identification, characterization and application of therapeutic peptides.

The section covering identification will cover areas such as display on the surface of filamentous or lytic phage, substrate phage display, ribosome display and the use of peptide library pools.

Often the output from library selection is not a peptide but the sequence of a peptide. We will therefore discuss approaches to produce peptide ligands both synthetically and through recombinant techniques. This section will also include a discussion of how peptides may be produced such that their serum residence time can be extended to allow weekly dosing such as fusions to other larger proteins or through modification with PEG.

The next section covers biophysical tools for characterization of peptide interactions with proteins. These include fluorescence polarization, equilibrium dialysis, radioligand binding assays, regular and array based SPR analysis.

The remaining section outlines methods for preparation and application of peptides as: imaging agents; targeting agents for radionuclei; receptor antagonists, and as tools to mediate cell penetration

Biobanking is considered to be one of the ten ideas changing the world with an estimated value of $45 billion by 2025. Despite the challenges, as the climate for innovation in the biobanking industry continues to flourish around the world, it is certain that amazing discoveries will emerge from this large-scale method of preserving and accessing human samples; biobanking is no longer just a place for collecting and storing samples. This book will cover a wide variety of subjects from across the future biobanking spectrum including scientific strategies, personalized medicine, regenerative medicine and stem cell challenges, disease surveillance, population genetics and innovative methods of biobanking.