Completely revised and updated with a new chapter on future possibilities Comprehensive coverage of available renewable technologies starting from basic scientific and engineering principles Compares and contrasts renewable technologies against each other and existing non-renewables like fossil fuels & nuclear power Addresses new developments in topics such as climate change mitigation, solar photovoltaic lighting, electricity grids, small-scale batteries, electric vehicles and bio-fuels

Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design is a comprehensive resource on fusion technology and energy systems written by renowned scientists and engineers from the Russian nuclear industry. It brings together a wealth of invaluable experience and knowledge on controlled thermonuclear fusion (CTF) facilities with magnetic plasma confinement - from the first semi-commercial tokamak T-3, to the multi-billion international experimental thermonuclear reactor ITER, now in construction in France. As the INTOR and ITER projects have made an immense contribution in the past few decades, this book focuses on its practical engineering aspects and the basics of technical physics and electrical engineering. Users will gain an understanding of the key ratios between plasma and technical parameters, design streamlining algorithms and engineering solutions.

Nuclear Engineering Mathematical Modeling and Simulation presents the mathematical modeling of neutron diffusion and transport. Aimed at students and early career engineers, this highly practical and visual resource guides the reader through computer simulations using the Monte Carlo Method which can be applied to a variety of applications, including power generation, criticality assemblies, nuclear detection systems, and nuclear medicine to name a few. The book covers optimization in both the traditional deterministic framework of variational methods and the stochastic framework of Monte Carlo methods. Specific sections cover the fundamentals of nuclear physics, computer codes used for neutron and photon radiation transport simulations, applications of analyses and simulations, optimization techniques for both fixed-source and multiplying systems, and various simulations in the medical area where radioisotopes are used in cancer treatment.

Principles of Nuclear Rocket Propulsion provides an understanding of the physical principles underlying the design and operation of nuclear fission-based rocket engines. While there are numerous texts available describing rocket engine theory and nuclear reactor theory, this is the first book available describing the integration of the two subject areas. Most of the book's emphasis is primarily on nuclear thermal rocket engines, wherein the energy of a nuclear reactor is used to heat a propellant to high temperatures and then expel it through a nozzle to produce thrust. Other concepts are also touched upon such as a section devoted to the nuclear pulse rocket concept wherein the force of externally detonated nuclear explosions is used to accelerate a spacecraft. Future crewed space missions beyond low earth orbit will almost certainly require propulsion systems with performance levels exceeding that of today's best chemical engines. A likely candidate for that propulsion system is the solid core Nuclear Thermal Rocket or NTR. Solid core NTR engines are expected to have performance levels which significantly exceed that achievable by any currently conceivable chemical engine. The challenge is in the engineering details of the design which includes not only the thermal, fluid, and mechanical aspects always present in chemical rocket engine development, but also nuclear interactions and some unique materials restrictions.

All engineers and applied scientists will need to harness the power of machine learning to solve the highly complex and data intensive problems now emerging. This text teaches state-of-the-art machine learning technologies to students and practicing engineers from the traditionally "analog" disciplines-mechanical, aerospace, chemical, nuclear, and civil. Dr. McClarren examines these technologies from an engineering perspective and illustrates their specific value to engineers by presenting concrete examples based on physical systems. The book proceeds from basic learning models to deep neural networks, gradually increasing readers' ability to apply modern machine learning techniques to their current work and to prepare them for future, as yet unknown, problems. Rather than taking a black box approach, the author teaches a broad range of techniques while conveying the kinds of problems best addressed by each. Examples and case studies in controls, dynamics, heat transfer, and other engineering applications are implemented in Python and the libraries scikit-learn and tensorflow, demonstrating how readers can apply the most up-to-date methods to their own problems. The book equally benefits undergraduate engineering students who wish to acquire the skills required by future employers, and practicing engineers who wish to expand and update their problem-solving toolkit.

Plant life management (PLiM) is a methodology focussed on the safety-first management of nuclear power plants over their entire lifetime. It incorporates and builds upon the usual periodic safety reviews and licence renewals as part of an overall framework designed to assist plant operators and regulators in assessing the operating conditions of a nuclear power plant, and establishing the technical and economic requirements for safe, long-term operation. Understanding and mitigating ageing in nuclear power plants critically reviews the fundamental ageing-degradation mechanisms of materials used in nuclear power plant structures, systems and components (SSC), along with their relevant analysis and mitigation paths, as well as reactor-type specific PLiM practices. Obsolescence and other less obvious ageing-related aspects in nuclear power plant operation are also examined in depth. Part one introduces the reader to the role of nuclear power in the global energy mix, and the importance and relevance of plant life management for the safety regulation and economics of nuclear power plants. Key ageing degradation mechanisms and their effects in nuclear power plant systems, structures and components are reviewed in part two, along with routes taken to characterise and analyse the ageing of materials and to mitigate or eliminate ageing degradation effects. Part three reviews analysis, monitoring and modelling techniques applicable to the study of nuclear power plant materials, as well as the application of advanced systems, structures and components in nuclear power plants. Finally, Part IV reviews the particular ageing degradation issues, plant designs, and application of plant life management (PLiM) practices in a range of commercial nuclear reactor types. With its distinguished international team of contributors, Understanding and mitigating ageing in nuclear power plants is a standard reference for all nuclear plant designers, operators, and nuclear safety and materials professionals and researchers.

The nuclear fuel cycle is characterised by the wide range of scientific disciplines and technologies it employs. The development of ever more integrated processes across the many stages of the nuclear fuel cycle therefore confronts plant manufacturers and operators with formidable challenges. Nuclear fuel cycle science and engineering describes both the key features of the complete nuclear fuel cycle and the wealth of recent research in this important field. Part one provides an introduction to the nuclear fuel cycle. Radiological protection, security and public acceptance of nuclear technology are considered, along with the economics of nuclear power. Part two goes on to explore materials mining, enrichment, fuel element design and fabrication for the uranium and thorium nuclear fuel cycle. The impact of nuclear reactor design and operation on fuel element irradiation is the focus of part three, including water and gas-cooled reactors, along with CANDU and Generation IV designs. Finally, part four reviews spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management. With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Nuclear fuel cycle science and engineering provides an important review for all those involved in the design, fabrication, use and disposal of nuclear fuels as well as regulatory bodies and researchers in this field.

Advanced separations technology is key to closing the nuclear fuel cycle and relieving future generations from the burden of radioactive waste produced by the nuclear power industry. Nuclear fuel reprocessing techniques not only allow for recycling of useful fuel components for further power generation, but by also separating out the actinides, lanthanides and other fission products produced by the nuclear reaction, the residual radioactive waste can be minimised. Indeed, the future of the industry relies on the advancement of separation and transmutation technology to ensure environmental protection, criticality-safety and non-proliferation (i.e., security) of radioactive materials by reducing their long-term radiological hazard. Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment provides a comprehensive and timely reference on nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment. Part one covers the fundamental chemistry, engineering and safety of radioactive materials separations processes in the nuclear fuel cycle, including coverage of advanced aqueous separations engineering, as well as on-line monitoring for process control and safeguards technology. Part two critically reviews the development and application of separation and extraction processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment. The section includes discussions of advanced PUREX processes, the UREX+ concept, fission product separations, and combined systems for simultaneous radionuclide extraction. Part three details emerging and innovative treatment techniques, initially reviewing pyrochemical processes and engineering, highly selective compounds for solvent extraction, and developments in partitioning and transmutation processes that aim to close the nuclear fuel cycle. The book concludes with other advanced techniques such as solid phase extraction, supercritical fluid and ionic liquid extraction, and biological treatment processes. With its distinguished international team of contributors, Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment is a standard reference for all nuclear waste management and nuclear safety professionals, radiochemists, academics and researchers in this field.

Fundamentals of Radiation and Chemical Safety covers the effects and mechanisms involved in radiation and chemical exposure on humans. The mechanisms and effects of these damaging factors have many aspects in common, as do their research methodology and the methods used for data processing. In many cases of these types of exposures the same final effect can also be noted: Cancer. Low doses of radiation and small doses of chemical exposure are continuously active and they could influence the entire population. The analysis of these two main source hazards on the lives of the human population is covered here for the first time in a single volume determining and demonstrating their common basis. Fundamentals of Radiation and Chemical Safety includes the necessary knowledge from nuclear physics, chemistry and biology, as well the methods of processing the experimental results. This title focuses on the effects of low radiation dosage and chemical hormesis as well as the hazards associated with, and safety precautions in radiation and chemicals, rather than the more commonly noted safety issues high level emergencies and disasters of this type.

The depth and breadth of the treatment is such that the book may be used as a text book for graduate and post-graduate courses, and will also be useful to those involved in decommissioning projects and radioactive waste management practices, such as project managers, engineers, health physicists and regulators. Although the general perception is that decommissioning is nothing more than dismantling and demolition of existing facilities, the book demonstrates that there are more to it and there are challenging technical issues to face. The book has been divided into three parts. Part One (Radiation Science) is the enabling part covering radiation, biological effects of radiation, radiological protection, and statistical methods. These subject matters are used and referred to throughout the rest of the book. Part Two incorporates the whole aspect of decommissioning covering decommissioning planning, regulatory aspects in decommissioning, project management, safety aspects, environmental impact assessment, decontamination and dismantling techniques etc.The last part includes radioactive waste management covering regulatory aspects, treatment and conditioning, storage and transportation, waste disposal etc.

Closed Nuclear Fuel Cycle with Fast Reactors: Handbook of Russian Nuclear Power provides unique insights into research and practical activities from leading Russian experts. It presents readers with unprecedented insight and essential knowledge surrounding nuclear fast reactor technologies, as well as novel methods to close the nuclear fuel cycle to achieve cleaner, more environmentally friendly, and more efficient nuclear power. Using the Proryv Project as a framework, the book's contributors provide detailed descriptions of technologies in development in Russia, allowing readers from around the globe to gain a thorough understanding which they can then apply to their own research and practice. Nuclear engineers and technologists of fast reactors, advanced reactors and fuel cycles will use this book as a guide to inform new technology development. They will be able to use the experiences from the Proryv Project to drive fast reactor development with closed fuel cycles for the future.

Corrosion in nuclear power plants cause reductions in efficiency and increases in deposit build-up on plant surfaces, making for expensive maintentance and potential radiological health hazards. This book guides studies to predict and minimize corrosion, thus making nuclear power safer and more cost effective. Too often, reliance on empirical models and on-site testing of existing plants makes study and prediction of corrosive effects in nuclear reactors into a pricey and lengthy process. Introducing the experimental procedures, set up, sample preparation and computer modeling suggested in this book will save precious time and resources in a field where the significant time and expense to get and keep plants on-line are two of the chief concerns preventing broader commerical viability.

* The only book to focus exclusively on preventing nuclear corrosion
* Uses computer modelling to tie together chemical engineering, civil engineering, corrosion science, and nuclear engineering into a cohesive solution to a vexing nucelar problem
* Includes all fundamental equations, example data sets and experimental techniques

Countries around the world are spending up to $500 billion per year on subsidising fossil fuel consumption. By some estimates, the G20 countries alone are spending around another $450 billion on subsidising fossil fuel production. In addition, the indirect social welfare costs of these subsidies have been shown to be substantial - for instance due to air pollution, road congestion, climate change, and economic inefficiency, to name a few. Considering these numbers, there is no doubt that fossil fuel subsidies cause severe economic distortions that compromise countries' prospects of achieving equitable and sustainable development. This book provides a guide to the complex challenge of designing, assessing, and implementing effective fossil fuel subsidy reforms. It shows that subsidy reform requires a careful balancing of complex economic and political trade-offs, as well as measures to mitigate adverse effects on vulnerable households and to assist firms with implementing efficiency enhancing measures. Going beyond the purely fiscal perspective, this book emphasises that smart subsidy reforms can contribute to all three dimensions of sustainable development - environment, society, and economy. Over the course of eight chapters, this book considers a wide range of agents and stakeholders, markets, and policy measures in order to distil the key principles of designing effective fossil fuel subsidy reforms. This book will be of great relevance to scholars and policy makers with an interest in energy economics and policy, climate change policy, and sustainable development more broadly.

Nuclear Decommissioning Case Studies: Safety, Environmental and Security Rules, Volume Four in Michele Laraia's series that presents a selection of global case studies on different aspects of Nuclear Decommissioning, focuses on the people side, including public perception, public relations and human factors. The book presents a selection of case studies on stakeholders, socioeconomics and more, providing readers with a guide on how to deal with common, often contentious, challenges. The events covered in this publication range from safety factors, stakeholder motivation and involvement and leadership adequacies. Decommissioning experts, including regulators, operators, waste managers, researchers and academics will find this book to be suitable supplementary material to Michele Laraia's reference works on the theory and applications of nuclear decommissioning.

Fast Reactors: A Solution to Fight Against Global Warming presents the current status of fast-reactor nuclear generation technology, with a focus on ecology and sustainability benefits for the future. Author Joel Guidez analyzes past failures and limited deployment reasons to help drive this power generation method forward to a cleaner and more sustainable energy environment. The book covers safety aspects, short-life waste management, multirecycling, and biodiversity preservation to provide a well-rounded reference on the topic.

This book describes the fast reactor (FR), a type of new reactor for nuclear plants, currently under research and development. The book targets young researchers and engineers who will be charged with commercializing this new type of reactor to lead to the development of new components and systems for improved plant reliability and economy. This volume also helps readers to understand the methods of integrating the power plant in its entirety, from the reactor core to all of the various systems and components, and teaches the way of thinking that forms the background of these methods. This background includes the various organizational and management issues that are encountered as projects move forward and will be explored in great detail based on actual design and construction experience with Japan's prototype FR, Monju.

Energy demand in the United States is expected to continue to grow over the coming decades, and the Department of Energy (DOE) considers nuclear energy to be one way to help meet this increased demand without producing air pollution. However, the current domestic commercial nuclear reactor fleet, consisting of 99 large light water reactors (LWRs) that provide about 20 percent of U.S. electricity is aging, and some reactors have shut down in recent years. LWRs use light, or ordinary, water to cool the reactor. New reactor concepts are under development as alternative energy options. Light water small modular reactors (SMRs) have some similarities, including the coolant used, to the existing large LWRs, and advanced reactors differ more from the large LWRs. Both new reactor concepts differ from the existing large LWRs in potential applications. This book discusses the status of light water SMR and advanced reactor concepts under development; the intended benefits of these new reactor concepts; and the challenges associated with developing and deploying these new types of reactors. Furthermore, the book describes DOE's Office of Nuclear Energy's (NE) approach to advanced nuclear reactor research and development (R&D) and examines how NE plans and prioritises its advanced reactor R&D activities, including deploying an advanced reactor.

Nuclear Decommissioning Case Studies: Characterization, Waste Management, Reuse and Recycle, Author’s Statement on the Sustainability of Nuclear Decommissioning, Volume Six presents a selection of global case studies that focus on a range of technologies for the decontamination, dismantling, spent fuel treatment and recycling of nuclear decommissioning. The book presents best practices by analyzing errors and inadequacies, leading the reader to sound decision-making. The events covered in this publication range from national and local legislation, to regulatory positions, statements or recommendations, licensing steps and transition phases. Decommissioning experts, including regulators, operators, waste managers, researchers and academics will find this book to be suitable supplementary material to Michele Laraia’s reference works on the theory and applications of nuclear decommissioning. Alongside the other case studies books in this series, readers will obtain an understanding of various key case studies-what happened and what we can learn from them, to help supplement, solidify and strengthen their understanding of the topic.

Decommissioning nuclear facilities is a relatively new field, which has developed rapidly in the last ten years. It involves materials that may be highly radioactive and therefore require sophisticated methods of containment and remote handling. The wastes arising from decommissioning are hazardous and have to be stored or disposed of safely in order to protect the environment and future generations. Nuclear decommissioning work must be carried out to the highest possible standards to protect workers, the general public and the environment. This book describes the techniques used for dismantling redundant nuclear facilities, the safe storage of radioactive wastes and the restoration of nuclear licensed sites.
* Describes the techniques used for dismantling nuclear facilities, safe storage of radioactive wastes, and the restoration of nuclear licensed facilities.
* Provides the reader with decommissioning experience accumulated over 15 years by UKAEA.
* Contains valuable information to personnel new to decommissioning and waste management.

Uranium is a naturally occurring, ubiquitous heavy metal. In various chemical forms, natural uranium is found in all soils, rocks, seas and oceans. It is also present in drinking water and food. Uranium was discovered in 1781 by Klaprot, a pharmacist in Berlin, in the Joachisthal silver mines. This book starts with a short history of uranium. It continues with the legacy of uranium mining and the authors go on to discuss the environmental and health effects of depleted uranium, which has the unique potential to threaten all natural resources, including human society because of its radiotoxic effects. Uranium migration properties are explored through the geological structures and the groundwater systems based on the determination of its total concentration essential for environmental studies. Other chapters examine the recovery of uranium from phosphate rock; the influence of uranium on the environment and the studies of content of uranium in soil, building materials, drinking water and even in the urine of specific population such as in the Czech Republic, a uranium rich territory; the types of uranium deposits; uranium bioremediation as an eco-friendly, promising approach, which will play an irreplaceable role in global nuclear energy development; discussions on uranium as one of the most widespread contaminants in groundwater in mining areas, as well as in surface waters in Brazil; and an examination of fuel materials that have been developed for use in nuclear power reactors including uranium. Bulk uranium-based systems are very complex and it is difficult to draw unambiguous conclusion on their properties and reaction mechanisms from experiments. Therefore in this book, laboratory experiments using simple model systems - thin films, for single effect studies which have a ground-breaking nature are explored in detail in this book.

Book & CD-ROM. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) defines an abandoned uranium mine (mine) as a named mine or complex developed to extract uranium ore for atomic energy defense-related activities of the United States from 1947 to 1970, as verified by purchase of ore by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) or other means. This book addresses five issues which include the location of defense-related abandoned uranium mines on federal, state, tribal, and private lands; the extent of radiation hazards, other public health and safety threats, and environmental degradation caused, or may have been caused, by the mines; a priority ranking to reclaim and remediate the mines; the potential cost and feasibility of reclamation and remediation in accordance with applicable federal law; and the status of any mine reclamation and remediation efforts. This book is accompanied by a CD-ROM which includes three reports on defense-related uranium mines locations; the radiological risk to human health and the environment; and prioritization.

Chemical Reactor Design and Operation K. R. Westerterp, W. P. M. van Swaaij and A. A. C. M. Beenackers Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratories, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands This is a comprehensive handbook on the design and operation of chemical reactors which are vital elements in every manufacturing process. The book offers an introduction to the modern literature and covers in depth the relevant theory of chemical reactors. The theory is illustrated by numerous worked examples typical to chemical reaction engineering practice in research, development, design and operation. The examples range from fine chemicals to large scale production and from water purification to metallurgical processes, commencing with simple homogenous model reactors and then moving to the complicated, multi-phase, heterogeneous reactors met with in reality. All the examples are based on the industrial experience of the authors. Much effort is dedicated to the behaviour of reactors in practice and to the capacity, yield and selectivity of the reactor. The book is thoroughly indexed and cross-referenced. This edition will be particularly useful to undergraduate and graduate students studying chemical reactors. Contents Fundamentals of chemical reactor calculations Model reactors: single reactions, isothermal single phase reactor calculations Model reactors: multiple reactions, isothermal single phase reactors Residence time distribution and mixing in continuous flow reactors Influence of micromixing on chemical reactions The role of the heat effect in model reactors Multi-phase reactors, single reactions Multi-phase reactors, multiple reactions Heat effects in multi-phase reactors The authors: The authors have accumulated a long experience both in fine chemicals and in the petrochemicals industry, in Europe as well as abroad. Currently they are jointly responsible for the research work in chemical reaction engineering and process development at Twente University. Several new reactor types and new processes have been developed at their institute and present research interests include gasification, fluidization and gas--liquid reactors, three-phase reactors, high-pressure technology in chemical reaction engineering, thermal behaviour of heterogeneous reactors and computer design and economic evaluation of reaction units and chemical plants.

Intended primarily for undergraduate chemical-engineering students, this book also includes material which bridges the gap between undergraduate and graduate requirements. The introduction contains a listing of the principal types of reactors employed in the chemical industry, with diagrams and examples of their use. There is then a brief exploration of the concepts employed in later sections for modelling and sizing reactors, followed by basic information on stoichiometry and thermodynamics, and the kinetics of homogeneous and catalyzed reactions. Subsequent chapters are devoted to reactor sizing and modelling in some simple situations, and more detailed coverage of the design and operation of the principal reactor types.

Biofuel production from waste biomass is increasingly being focused on due to due to several advantages of lignocellulosic biomass, such as availability in abundance from several sources, cost-effectiveness, little competition with food sources, etc. This new volume, Sustainable Biofuel and Biomass: Advances and Impacts, provides an abundance of in-depth information on many types of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass and also describes biomass sources and their availability for biofuel production. This compiled book features 17 chapters that discuss the different aspects of biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. Chapters deal with different types lipase-mediated biofuel production, biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass, triacylglycrol biosynthetic pathways in plants for biofuel applications, the industrial prospects of lignocellulosic bioethanol production, biofuel cell production, potential feedstocks availability for bioethanol production, biofuel production from algal biomass, and many other important topics.

Contents:
Thermal hydraulic characteristics of power reactors; thermal design principles; reactor heat generation; transport equations for single-phase flow; transport equations for two-phase flow; thermodynamics of nuclear energy conversion systems - non flow and steady-flow first and second law applications; thermal analysis of fuel elements; single-phase fluid mechanics; single-phase heat transfer; two-phase heat transfer.