This book introduces the geological background of sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Ordos Basin, Northwest China. Through comparative study of a large number of practical data such as uranium, coal and oil boreholes, the research system takes sedimentary basin as a unit and fully utilizes geological principles and test analysis to study the basic geological, geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing image characteristics of the basin, and to restores the favorable uranium-forming geological background brought by the change of the cognitive sedimentary environment conditions. It can be used as a reference for researchers, practitioners and as well as teachers and graduate students working in uranium deposit geology, sedimentary geology and related areas

This book introduces novel approaches and practical examples of autonomous nuclear power plants that minimize operator intervention. Autonomous nuclear power plants with artificial intelligence presents a framework to enable nuclear power plants to autonomously operate and introduces artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to implement its functions. Although nuclear power plants are already highly automated to reduce human errors and guarantee the reliability of system operations, the term "autonomous" is still not popular because AI techniques are regarded as less proven technologies. However, the use of AI techniques and the autonomous operation seems unavoidable because of their great advantages, especially, in advanced reactors and small modular reactors. The book includes the following topics: Monitoring, diagnosis, and prediction. Intelligent control. Operator support systems. Operator-autonomous system interaction. Integration into the autonomous operation system. This book will provides useful information for researchers and students who are interested in applying AI techniques in the fields of nuclear as well as other industries. This book covers broad practical applications of AI techniques from the classical fault diagnosis to more recent autonomous control. In addition, specific techniques and modelling examples are expected to be very informative to the beginners in the AI studies.

This Safety Guide provides recommendations and guidance on achieving and demonstrating compliance with IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1), Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material (2018 Edition), which establishes the requirements to be applied to the national and international transport of radioactive material. Transport is deemed to comprise all operations and conditions associated with and involved in the movement of radioactive material, including the design, fabrication and maintenance of packaging, and the preparation, consigning, handling, carriage, storage in transit, shipment after storage and receipt at the final destination of packages. The Advisory Material is not a stand-alone text. It is to be used concurrently as a companion to the IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1) and each paragraph of this guide is numbered correspondingly to the paragraph of the Regulations to which it most directly relates.

This book deals with urgent and timely issues related to radiation health effects and protection that are examined by both young researchers as well as experts. The book is organized into three major sections: biological responses, population monitoring and approaches to protection from radiation exposure. Contributors have provided state of the art research in their respective chapters. Radiation action produces damage to multiple targets in the exposed cells or human body and understanding of molecular mechanisms of the underlying processes becomes central to the monitoring of effects and health consequences of radiation exposure. Many experts have highlighted the outcome of epidemiological studies on human populations in high background radiation areas in different locations around the world as well as consequences and scopes for mitigating radiation health effects after radiation accidents such as Chernobyl in Ukraine and the Fukushima Daiichi Accident in Japan. This book also provides important direction for treatment of radiation for exposed victims. In the concluding chapters, contributors have provided new approaches for protection against ionizing radiation exposure. This book contains rich content on basic aspects of radiation induced cellular response which may give deeper insight to beginners in research, teaching, industry and regulatory authorities for basic understanding of radiobiological processes and molecular mechanisms. The book will prove an authentic reference source for updates in radiation science. It is hoped that students, teachers, experts, safety officers, regulatory officials and policy-makers will find the book handy for gaining a broad view of radiation damage to biological systems, monitoring health consequences and for new approaches in developing effective protection against radiation exposure.

The magnitude 9.0 Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, claiming over 20,000 lives. It crippled the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, whose hydrogen-air explosions contaminated wide areas around Fukushima with radionuclides. The number of evacuees initially totaled 328,903, but has been reduced to 263,392 as of February 13, 2014. More than half of the evacuees (132,500) consist of Fukushima residents, and 67% of whom have experienced mental or physical disorders. Indeed, refugee life is so difficult that many Fukushima families have been affected by suicide, divorce, separation of family members, migration and settlement to other places, mental illness, etc. The difficulty is caused by the fear of low-dose radiation induced by the LNT model which claims that radiation cancer risk is linearly proportional to dose without any threshold. Careful scrutiny of the model, however, clearly indicates that the linearity is invalid; low dose radiation is not hazardous, but is even beneficial or hormetic because of the adaptive response to radiation. This book provides ample evidence to negate the LNT model. This book is primarily compiled to get rid of the spell of the LNT model and release Fukushima people from undue torture. The book would also be useful to the public in general who have CT scans and have concerns. In addition, the people who use radiation world-wide such as nuclear power plant workers, radiation researchers, radiologists, and X-ray operators would be relieved to learn from reading this book that the alleged risk of low-dose radiation is illusionary and that the low-dose radiation is even beneficial. Policy makers of nuclear energy and radiation who are working for governmental and/or regulatory agencies are also recommended to read this book. Severe guidelines from a safety standpoint sometimes entrap people into a fear-stricken situation rather than save them, as no one was killed by radiation directly, but more than 1,000 people have been killed by the fear of radiation secondarily in Fukushima. By the same token, this book is recommended to civil activists and journalists who emphasise dangers of low-dose radiation and raise fear of low-dose radiation. It is the time to shed new scientific light on the outdated LNT model.

This Safety Guide provides recommendations on how to comply with IAEA safety requirements on leadership and management for safety in the area of radioactive waste management. It presents updated guidance on developing and implementing management systems for safety during all steps of radioactive waste management. Emphasis is placed upon effective leadership and culture for safety. The publication is intended to be used by the regulatory body and organizations with responsibilities for directing, planning, or undertaking the management of radioactive waste; it is also intended to be used by the suppliers to such organizations of safety related services and products that support radioactive waste management.

A nuclear detonation in the United States is one of the most catastrophic incidents imaginable. While the United States Government is working domestically and with international partners to ensure this scenario never occurs, failing to plan for managing the consequences of such an event would be irresponsible. Should a nuclear detonation occur, a crucial task for federal, state, local, tribal and territorial authorities and private-sector organisations will be communicating clear and consistent messages to the public. All levels of government have responsibility for co-ordinating and communicating information regarding the incident to the public immediately after a nuclear detonation. State, local and tribal authorities retain the primary responsibility for responding to large-scale incidents, such as a nuclear detonation. Effectively communicating health and safety instructions to the population will be a critical factor in building trust, comforting the nation, saving lives and minimising injury. This book was developed as a resource for emergency responders and federal, state, and local officials communicating with the public and the media during the immediate aftermath of a nuclear detonation in the United States. An interagency group of communications and radiation technical experts developed the messages in this book, which include key messages for the impacted community and the nation, and anticipated questions and answers for distribution to the public in the immediate aftermath of a nuclear detonation.

This book introduces readers to basic approaches in and principles of marine nuclear power design, including overall reactor design, in-core design, coolant systems and devices, I&C system design, safety system design, and dynamic analysis assessment. It comprehensively reviews both the fundamentals of and latest trends in nuclear-powered devices, covering their entire lifespan, from design and testing to operation and decommissioning. Further, it explores in detail various real-world conditions in the marine context - such as insufficient space for equipment deployment and frequently changing operating conditions as well as swinging and tilting. Offering extensive information on the design and operation of marine nuclear power systems, the book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in the area of marine science and nuclear engineering, and graduate students intending to embark on a career in the field.

Computational Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Science Using Python provides the necessary knowledge users need to embed more modern computing techniques into current practices, while also helping practitioners replace Fortran-based implementations with higher level languages. The book is especially unique in the market with its implementation of Python into nuclear engineering methods, seeking to do so by first teaching the basics of Python, then going through different techniques to solve systems of equations, and finally applying that knowledge to solve problems specific to nuclear engineering. Along with examples of code and end-of-chapter problems, the book is an asset to novice programmers in nuclear engineering and radiological sciences, teaching them how to analyze complex systems using modern computational techniques. For decades, the paradigm in engineering education, in particular, nuclear engineering, has been to teach Fortran along with numerical methods for solving engineering problems. This has been slowly changing as new codes have been written utilizing modern languages, such as Python, thus resulting in a greater need for the development of more modern computational skills and techniques in nuclear engineering.

Practical Onshore Gas Field Engineering delivers the necessary framework to help engineers understand the needs of the reservoir, including sections on early transmission and during the life of the well. Written from a reservoir perspective, this reference includes methods and equipment from gas reservoirs, covering the gathering stage at the gas facility for transportation and processing. Loaded with real-world case studies and examples, the book offers a variety of different types of gas fields that demonstrate how surface systems can work through each scenario. Users will gain an increased understanding of today's gas system aspects, along with tactics on how to optimize bottom line revenue. As reservoir and production engineers face many challenges in getting gas from the reservoir to the final sales point, especially as a result of the shale boom, a new demand for more facility engineers now exists in the market. This book addresses new challenges in the market and brings new tactics to the forefront.

Civil engineering has an important part to play at every stage of the nuclear fuel cycle - from the choice of site and conception of the design of a major power station or fuel plan through modifications during operations, to the final stages of designing and building waste management stores and repositories. Technical demands on designers and builders of nuclear plants are ever increasing and together with ever greater safety requirements the designer has to consider natural and man-made disasters. Inevitably increased safety and quality standards result in increased costs. This book examines ways in which the industry has responded to this challenge with new methods of construction giving higher productivity and faster construction times.

Molten Salt Reactors is a comprehensive reference on the status of molten salt reactor (MSR) research and thorium fuel utilization. There is growing awareness that nuclear energy is needed to complement intermittent energy sources and to avoid pollution from fossil fuels. Light water reactors are complex, expensive, and vulnerable to core melt, steam explosions, and hydrogen explosions, so better technology is needed. MSRs could operate safely at nearly atmospheric pressure and high temperature, yielding efficient electrical power generation, desalination, actinide incineration, hydrogen production, and other industrial heat applications. Coverage includes: Motivation -- why are we interested? Technical issues - reactor physics, thermal hydraulics, materials, environment, ... Generic designs -- thermal, fast, solid fuel, liquid fuel, ... Specific designs - aimed at electrical power, actinide incineration, thorium utilization, ... Worldwide activities in 23 countries Conclusions This book is a collaboration of 58 authors from 23 countries, written in cooperation with the International Thorium Molten Salt Forum. It can serve as a reference for engineers and scientists, and it can be used as a textbook for graduate students and advanced undergrads. Molten Salt Reactors is the only complete review of the technology currently available, making this an essential text for anyone reviewing the use of MSRs and thorium fuel, including students, nuclear researchers, industrial engineers, and policy makers.

Advances and Innovations in Nuclear Decommissioning is an essential resource for industry professionals and academics interested in acquiring the most up-to-date information on the current state of nuclear decommissioning. Written and edited by the world's leading experts, this book considers lessons learned and new innovations in the field. Edited by Dr. Laraia, it is the perfect companion to his 2012 book, Nuclear Decommissioning, which critically reviews the nuclear decommissioning processes and technologies applicable to nuclear power plants and other civilian nuclear facilities. Where the earlier book covers the basics of decommissioning, this new book brings you up-to-date with new areas of interest and approaches, innovative technologies, and lessons learned by both the nuclear and non-nuclear decommissioning sectors.

Geological Repository Systems for Safe Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuels and Radioactive Waste, Second Edition, critically reviews state-of-the-art technologies and scientific methods relating to the implementation of the most effective approaches to the long-term, safe disposition of nuclear waste, also discussing regulatory developments and social engagement approaches as major themes. Chapters in Part One introduce the topic of geological disposal, providing an overview of near-surface, intermediate depth, and deep borehole disposal, spanning low-, medium- and high-level wastes. Part Two addresses the different types of repository systems - crystalline, clay, and salt, also discussing methods of site surveying and construction. The critical safety issue of engineered barrier systems is the focus of Part Three, with coverage ranging from nuclear waste canisters, to buffer and backfill materials. Lastly, Parts Four and Five focus on safety, security, and acceptability, concentrating on repository performance assessment, then radiation protection, environmental monitoring, and social engagement. Comprehensively revised, updated, and expanded with 25% new material on topics of current importance, this is the standard reference for all nuclear waste management and geological repository professionals and researchers.

Equipment Qualificiation for Nuclear Installations: IAEA Safety Standards Series No SSG-69

Steam Generators for Nuclear Power Plants examines all phases of the lifecycle of nuclear steam generators (NSGs), components which are essential for the efficient and safe operation of light water reactors (LWRs). Coverage spans the design, manufacturing, operation and maintenance, fitness-for-service, and long-term operation of these key reactor parts. Part One opens with a chapter that provides fundamental background on NSG engineering and operational experiences. Following chapters review the different NSG concepts, describe NSG design and manufacturing, and consider the particularities of SGs for VVER reactors. Part Two focuses on NSG operation and maintenance, starting with an overview of the activities required to support reliable and safe operation. The discussion then moves on to tubing vibration, followed by the water and steam cycle chemistry issues relevant to the NSG lifecycle. Finally, a number of chapters focus on the key issue of corrosion in NSGs from different angles. This book serves as a timely resource for professionals involved in all phases of the NSG lifecycle, from design, manufacturing, operation and maintenance, to fitness-for-service and long-term operation. It is also intended as a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in a range of topics relating to NSG lifecycle management.

Thermal Hydraulics of Water-Cooled Nuclear Reactors reviews flow and heat transfer phenomena in nuclear systems and examines the critical contribution of this analysis to nuclear technology development. With a strong focus on system thermal hydraulics (SYS TH), the book provides a detailed, yet approachable, presentation of current approaches to reactor thermal hydraulic analysis, also considering the importance of this discipline for the design and operation of safe and efficient water-cooled and moderated reactors. Part One presents the background to nuclear thermal hydraulics, starting with a historical perspective, defining key terms, and considering thermal hydraulics requirements in nuclear technology. Part Two addresses the principles of thermodynamics and relevant target phenomena in nuclear systems. Next, the book focuses on nuclear thermal hydraulics modeling, covering the key areas of heat transfer and pressure drops, then moving on to an introduction to SYS TH and computational fluid dynamics codes. The final part of the book reviews the application of thermal hydraulics in nuclear technology, with chapters on V&V and uncertainty in SYS TH codes, the BEPU approach, and applications to new reactor design, plant lifetime extension, and accident analysis. This book is a valuable resource for academics, graduate students, and professionals studying the thermal hydraulic analysis of nuclear power plants and using SYS TH to demonstrate their safety and acceptability.

Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis (PFDHA) is a relatively new methodology, and actual examples of applications are quite limited. The current publication provides an introduction to probabilistic approaches to fault displacement hazard assessment with reference to relevant IAEA safety standards. It delineates the most important aspects of PFDHA (including up to date practices, open problems, and challenging issues) within a coherent framework. The information provided will be valuable not only for Member States when applying PFDHA to the site safety assessment of existing installations, but also for nuclear power plant operating organizations, regulatory bodies, vendors, technical support organizations and researchers working in the area of seismic hazard assessmen

This publication presents the outcome of an IAEA coordinated research project (CRP) on methodologies for assessing pipe failure rates in advanced water cooled reactors. The goal of the CRP was to provide Member States with a strong technical basis for establishing nuclear power plant piping reliability parameters. To meet this goal two parallel and interrelated activities were carried out. In a first CRP activity, the participating institutions performed a series of benchmark studies. These studies, as described in this publication, were formulated for the purpose of evaluating different methodologies when applied to a common problem. The results were compared, and the reasons for differences were identified. This publication provides a description of the benchmark studies, the participants' individual methodologies applied, and simulations and analyses carried out, an independent synthesis of the results, and the main insights and conclusions from the exercise.

This Safety Guide provides recommendations on the design of nuclear installations for protection against the effects of external events (excluding earthquakes), meeting the applicable safety requirements established in relation to the design aspects of nuclear installations subjected to external events. It provides methods and procedures for defining an appropriate design for a nuclear installation, based on the site hazard evaluation and the layout of the installation. The aim is to provide design guidance, in particular for the protection of structures, systems and components important to safety against design basis external events. The guide also provides recommendations on the selection of beyond design basis external events, in order to check and verify safety margins.

This Safety Guide provides specific recommendations on protection against internal and external hazards in the operation of nuclear power plants. It provides new or updated recommendations derived from enhanced understanding of operational aspects of hazards and combinations of hazards. Operating experience gained from incidents and accidents in nuclear power plants around the world has demonstrated that fire can be an important risk contributor in many Member States. However, there are other internal and external hazards that have also to be considered in the design and operation of nuclear power plants. This Safety Guide supersedes and expands the scope of lAEA Safety Standards Series No. NS- G-2. 1, Fire Safety in the Operation of Nuclear Power Plants, to include recommendations on these other hazards.

In dem vorliegenden Band wird naturwissenschaftlich-physikalische Hintergrundinformation zum Thema Energie bereitgestellt, um dem Leser objektive Bewertungskriterien fur die global hochaktuelle Diskussion der Zukunft unserer Energieversorgung an die Hand zu geben. Insbesondere ist es ein zentrales Anliegen, dem Leser eine Bilanzierung aller Quellen hinsichtlich der Einflussnahme ihrer Gewinnung und Verwendung auf die Umwelt zu erstellen und das jeweilige Risiko zueinander in Relation zu setzen. Nach Festlegung des Begriffes Energie und ihrer Erscheinungsformen werden globale Randbedingungen des Umgangs mit Energie aufgezeigt. Diese Randbedingungen werden sodann fur Deutschland als typischem Industrieland enger eingegrenzt. Die Palette infrage kommender Quellen, fossile, erneuerbare und nukleare, wird sodann im Detail vorgestellt. Ergiebigkeit der Ressourcen sowie sonstige Moglichkeiten und Grenzen des Einsatzes werden diskutiert; alle Energiequellen werden sodann nach Definition eines energetischen Erntefaktors miteinander verglichen. Die Speicher- und Transportmoglichkeiten und - hiermit eng verbunden - die Handlungsspielraume rationellen Umgangs mit den diversen Formen der Energie bilden einen weiteren Schwerpunkt. Der an naturwissenschaftlicher Hintergrundinformation interessierte Leser findet in einem gesonderten Kapitel eine detaillierte Prasentierung ausgewahlter Techniken."

Reprocessing and Recycling of Spent Nuclear Fuel presents an authoritative overview of spent fuel reprocessing, considering future prospects for advanced closed fuel cycles. Part One introduces the recycling and reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, reviewing past and current technologies, the possible implications of Generation IV nuclear reactors, and associated safely and security issues. Parts Two and Three focus on aqueous-based reprocessing methods and pyrochemical methods, while final chapters consider the cross-cutting aspects of engineering and process chemistry and the potential for implementation of advanced closed fuel cycles in different parts of the world.

Internal hazards have to be considered in the design of items important to safety in a nuclear power plant. The objective is to provide appropriate features to prevent internal hazards and mitigate their effects to ensure that safety is not compromised. This Safety Guide provides recommendations to regulatory bodies, nuclear power plant designers and licensees on hazard assessment (including for combinations of hazards) and design concepts for protection against internal hazards in nuclear power plants, in order to meet the requirements established in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR 2/1 (Rev. 1), Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Design. The following internal hazards are reviewed in this Safety Guide: fires, explosions, missiles, pipe breaks, flooding, collapse of structures and falling objects with a focus on heavy load drop, electromagnetic interference and release of hazardous substances originating from within the site boundary.

This publication provides a model academic curriculum covering the entire spectrum of nuclear security topics for a master's degree programme or for an academic certificate programme in nuclear security. The first edition, entitled Educational Programmes in Nuclear Security, was published in 2010. Since then, the body of knowledge in the field of nuclear security has grown substantially and the IAEA Nuclear Security Series has expanded to cover more topics. The current publication takes into account the latest IAEA guidance, as well as feedback from the International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN) community and other international experts. The publication can be used by university curriculum developers as well as faculty and instructors from institutions that are implementing or considering educational programmes in nuclear security.