This book introduces resource-aware data fusion algorithms to gather and combine data from multiple sources (e.g., sensors) in order to achieve inferences. These techniques can be used in centralized and distributed systems to overcome sensor failure, technological limitation, and spatial and temporal coverage problems. The algorithms described in this book are evaluated with simulation and experimental results to show they will maintain data integrity and make data useful and informative.

Describes techniques to overcome real problems posed by wireless sensor networks deployed in circumstances that might interfere with measurements provided, such as strong variations of pressure, temperature, radiation, and electromagnetic noise; Uses simulation and experimental results to evaluate algorithms presented and includes real test-bed; Includes case study implementing data fusion algorithms on a remote monitoring framework for sand production in oil pipelines. "

This volume contains eight state of the art contributions on mathematical aspects and applications of fast boundary element methods in engineering and industry. This covers the analysis and numerics of boundary integral equations by using differential forms, preconditioning of hp boundary element methods, the application of fast boundary element methods for solving challenging problems in magnetostatics, the simulation of micro electro mechanical systems, and for contact problems in solid mechanics. Other contributions are on recent results on boundary element methods for the solution of transient problems. This book is addressed to researchers, graduate students and practitioners working on and using boundary element methods. All contributions also show the great achievements of interdisciplinary research between mathematicians and engineers, with direct applications in engineering and industry.

This is a completely up-to-date compendium of Fortran algorithms for numerical mathematics, including many sophisticated algorithms which are not available elsewhere. All have been extensively field-tested and cover methods for solving nonlinear equations, the method of Laguerre for solving algebraic equations, conjugating gradients for solving linear systems of equations, and the McKee algorithm for solving special systems of symmetric equations. The real, practical algorithms provided make the book indispensable for applied scientists working in all areas of research. The CD contains Fortran programs for the algorithms given in the text.

Semidefinite programs constitute one of the largest classes of optimization problems that can be solved with reasonable efficiency - both in theory and practice. They play a key role in a variety of research areas, such as combinatorial optimization, approximation algorithms, computational complexity, graph theory, geometry, real algebraic geometry and quantum computing. This book is an introduction to selected aspects of semidefinite programming and its use in approximation algorithms. It covers the basics but also a significant amount of recent and more advanced material.

There are many computational problems, such as MAXCUT, for which one cannot reasonably expect to obtain an exact solution efficiently, and in such case, one has to settle for approximate solutions. For MAXCUT and its relatives, exciting recent results suggest that semidefinite programming is probably the ultimate tool. Indeed, assuming the Unique Games Conjecture, a plausible but as yet unproven hypothesis, it was shown that for these problems, known algorithms based on semidefinite programming deliver the best possible approximation ratios among all polynomial-time algorithms.

This book follows the "semidefinite side" of these developments, presenting some of the main ideas behind approximation algorithms based on semidefinite programming. It develops the basic theory of semidefinite programming, presents one of the known efficient algorithms in detail, and describes the principles of some others. It also includes applications, focusing on approximation algorithms."

Mechanical design includes an optimization process in which designers always consider objectives such as strength, deflection, weight, wear, corrosion, etc. depending on the requirements. However, design optimization for a complete mechanical assembly leads to a complicated objective function with a large number of design variables. It is a good practice to apply optimization techniques for individual components or intermediate assemblies than a complete assembly. Analytical or numerical methods for calculating the extreme values of a function may perform well in many practical cases, but may fail in more complex design situations. In real design problems, the number of design parameters can be very large and their influence on the value to be optimized (the goal function) can be very complicated, having nonlinear character. In these complex cases, advanced optimization algorithms offer solutions to the problems, because they find a solution near to the global optimum within reasonable time and computational costs.

"Mechanical Design Optimization Using Advanced Optimization Techniques" presents a comprehensive review on latest research and development trends for design optimization of mechanical elements and devices. Using examples of various mechanical elements and devices, the possibilities for design optimization with advanced optimization techniques are demonstrated. Basic and advanced concepts of traditional and advanced optimization techniques are presented, along with real case studies, results of applications of the proposed techniques, and the best optimization strategies to achieve best performance are highlighted. Furthermore, a novel advanced optimization method named teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) is presented in this book and this method shows better performance with less computational effort for the large scale problems.

"Mechanical Design Optimization Using Advanced Optimization Techniques" is intended for designers, practitioners, managers, institutes involved in design related projects, applied research workers, academics, and graduate students in mechanical and industrial engineering and will be useful to the industrial product designers for realizing a product as it presents new models and optimization techniques to make tasks easier, logical, efficient and effective.

Fracture mechanics is a vast and growing field. This book develops the basic elements needed for both fracture research and engineering practice. The emphasis is on continuum mechanics models for energy flows and crack-tip stress- and deformation fields in elastic and elastic-plastic materials. In addition to a brief discussion of computational fracture methods, the text includes practical sections on fracture criteria, fracture toughness testing, and methods for measuring stress intensity factors and energy release rates. Class-tested at Cornell, this book is designed for students, researchers and practitioners interested in understanding and contributing to a diverse and vital field of knowledge.

This volume highlights the latest developments and trends in advanced materials and their properties, the modeling and simulation of non-classical materials and structures, and new technologies for joining materials. It presents the developments of advanced materials and respective tools to characterize and predict the material properties and behavior.

This book contains detailed lecture notes on four topics at the forefront of current research in computational mathematics. Each set of notes presents a self-contained guide to a current research area and has an extensive bibliography. In addition, most of the notes contain detailed proofs of the key results. The notes start from a level suitable for first year graduate students in applied mathematics, mathematical analysis or numerical analysis, and proceed to current research topics. The reader should therefore be able to gain quickly an insight into the important results and techniques in each area without recourse to the large research literature. Current (unsolved) problems are also described and directions for future research are given. This book is also suitable for professional mathematicians who require a succint and accurate account of recent research in areas parallel to their own, and graduates in mathematical sciences.

This special volume focuses on optimization and control of processes governed by partial differential equations. The contributors are mostly participants of the DFG-priority program 1253: Optimization with PDE-constraints which is active since 2006. The book is organized in sections which cover almost the entire spectrum of modern research in this emerging field. Indeed, even though the field of optimal control and optimization for PDE-constrained problems has undergone a dramatic increase of interest during the last four decades, a full theory for nonlinear problems is still lacking. The contributions of this volume, some of which have the character of survey articles, therefore, aim at creating and developing further new ideas for optimization, control and corresponding numerical simulations of systems of possibly coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. The research conducted within this unique network of groups in more than fifteen German universities focuses on novel methods of optimization, control and identification for problems in infinite-dimensional spaces, shape and topology problems, model reduction and adaptivity, discretization concepts and important applications. Besides the theoretical interest, the most prominent question is about the effectiveness of model-based numerical optimization methods for PDEs versus a black-box approach that uses existing codes, often heuristic-based, for optimization.

This book presents and extend different known methods to solve different types of strong nonlinearities encountered by engineering systems. A better knowledge of the classical methods presented in the first part lead to a better choice of the so-called base functions . These are absolutely necessary to obtain the auxiliary functions involved in the optimal approaches which are presented in the second part.
Every chapter introduces a distinct approximate method applicable to nonlinear dynamical systems. Each approximate analytical approach is accompanied by representative examples related to nonlinear dynamical systems from to various fields of engineering."

This book contains selected papers of NSC08, the 2nd Conference on Nonlinear Science and Complexity, held 28-31 July, 2008, Porto, Portugal. It focuses on fundamental theories and principles, analytical and symbolic approaches, computational techniques in nonlinear physics and mathematics. Topics treated include * Chaotic Dynamics and Transport in Classic and Quantum Systems * Complexity and Nonlinearity in Molecular Dynamics and Nano-Science * Complexity and Fractals in Nonlinear Biological Physics and Social Systems * Lie Group Analysis and Applications in Nonlinear Science * Nonlinear Hydrodynamics and Turbulence * Bifurcation and Stability in Nonlinear Dynamic Systems * Nonlinear Oscillations and Control with Applications * Celestial Physics and Deep Space Exploration * Nonlinear Mechanics and Nonlinear Structural Dynamics * Non-smooth Systems and Hybrid Systems * Fractional dynamical systems

Whether different types of costs are to be reduced, benefits to be maximized or scarce resources to be managed, scheduling theory provides intelligent methods for practitioners and scientists. The just-in-time (JIT) production philosophy has enriched the classical scheduling theory with models that consider characteristics such as inventory costs, set-up times, lot sizing, or maintenance. This edited volume considers the specifics of just-in-time systems. It provides knowledge and insights on recent advances in scheduling theory where just-in-time aspects are considered. Contributions on models, theory, algorithms, and applications, that bring the theory up-to-date on the state-of-the-art of JIT systems are presented. Professionals, researchers and graduate students will find this book useful.

The projectors are considered as simple but important type of matrices and operators. Their basic theory can be found in many books, among which Hal mas [177], [178] are of particular significance. The projectors or projections became an active research area in the last two decades due to ideas generated from linear algebra, statistics and various areas of algorithmic mathematics. There has also grown up a great and increasing number of projection meth ods for different purposes. The aim of this book is to give a unified survey on projectors and projection methods including the most recent results. The words projector, projection and idempotent are used as synonyms, although the word projection is more common. We assume that the reader is familiar with linear algebra and mathemati cal analysis at a bachelor level. The first chapter includes supplements from linear algebra and matrix analysis that are not incorporated in the standard courses. The second and the last chapter include the theory of projectors. Four chapters are devoted to projection methods for solving linear and non linear systems of algebraic equations and convex optimization problems.

"Introduction to Computational Science" was developed over a period of two years at the University of Utah Department of Computer Science in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Energy-funded Undergraduate Computation in Engineering Science (UCES) program. Each chapter begins by introducing a problem and then guiding the student through its solution. The computational techniques needed to solve the problem are developed as necassary, making the motivation for learning the computing alwasy apparent. Each chapter will introduce a single problem that will be used to motivate a single computing concept. The notes currently consist of 15 chapters. The first seven chapters deal with Maple and the last eight with C. The textbook will contain 20 to 30 chapters covering a similar mix of concepts at a finer level of detail.

The objective of this book is to advance the current knowledge of sensor research particularly highlighting recent advances, current work, and future needs. The goal is to share current technologies and steer future efforts in directions that will benefit the majority of researchers and practitioners working in this broad field of study.

Mobile Intention Recognition addresses problems of practical relevance for mobile system engineers: how can we make mobile assistance systems more intelligent? How can we model and recognize patterns of human behavior which span more than a limited spatial context? This text provides an overview on plan and intention recognition, ranging from the late 1970s to very recent approaches. This overview is unique as it discusses approaches with respect to the specificities of mobile intention recognition. This book covers problems from research on mobile assistance systems using methods from artificial intelligence and natural language processing. It thus addresses an extraordinary interdisciplinary audience.

This is a very lucid introduction to spectral methods emphasizing the mathematical aspects of the theory rather than the many applications in numerical analysis and the engineering sciences. The first part is a fairly complete introduction to Fourier series while the second emphasizes polynomial expansion methods like Chebyshev's. The author gives rigorous proofs of fundamental results related to one-dimensional advection and diffusions equations. The book addresses students as well as practitioners of numerical analysis.

The main purpose of this book is to provide a simple and accessible introduction to the mixed finite element method as a fundamental tool to numerically solve a wide class of boundary value problems arising in physics and engineering sciences. The book is based on material that was taught in corresponding undergraduate and graduate courses at the Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile, during the last 7 years. As compared with several other classical books in the subject, the main features of the present one have to do, on one hand, with an attempt of presenting and explaining most of the details in the proofs and in the different applications. In particular several results and aspects of the corresponding analysis that are usually available only in papers or proceedings are included here.

The first book to explicitly use Mathematica so as to allow researchers and students to more easily compute and solve almost any kind of differential equation using Lie's theory. Previously time-consuming and cumbersome calculations are now much more easily and quickly performed using the Mathematica computer algebra software. The material in this book, and on the accompanying CD-ROM, will be of interest to a broad group of scientists, mathematicians and engineers involved in dealing with symmetry analysis of differential equations. Each section of the book starts with a theoretical discussion of the material, then shows the application in connection with Mathematica. The cross-platform CD-ROM contains Mathematica (version 3.0) notebooks which allow users to directly interact with the code presented within the book. In addition, the author's proprietary "MathLie" software is included, so users can readily learn to use this powerful tool in regard to performing algebraic computations.

This introductory and self-contained book gathers as much explicit mathematical results on the linear-elastic and heat-conduction solutions in the neighborhood of singular points in two-dimensional domains, and singular edges and vertices in three-dimensional domains. These are presented in an engineering terminology for practical usage. The author treats the mathematical formulations from an engineering viewpoint and presents high-order finite-element methods for the computation of singular solutions in isotropic and anisotropic materials, and multi-material interfaces. The proper interpretation of the results in engineering practice is advocated, so that the computed data can be correlated to experimental observations.

The book is divided into fourteen chapters, each containing several sections.

Most of it (the first nine Chapters) addresses two-dimensional domains, where

only singular points exist. The solution in a vicinity of these points admits an asymptotic expansion composed of eigenpairs and associatedgeneralized flux/stress intensity factors (GFIFs/GSIFs), which are being computed analytically when possible or by finite element methods otherwise. Singular points associated with weakly coupled thermoelasticity in the vicinity of singularities are also addressed and thermal GSIFs are computed. The computed data is important in engineering practice forpredicting failure initiation in brittlematerial on a daily basis. Several failure lawsfor two-dimensional domains with V-notches arepresented and their validity is examined by comparison to experimental observations.A sufficient simple and reliable condition for predicting failureinitiation (crack formation) in micron level electronic devices, involving singularpoints, is still a topic of active research and interest, and is addressed herein.

Explicit singular solutions in the vicinity of vertices and edges in three-dimensional domains are provided in the remaining five chapters. New methods for the computation of generalized edge flux/stress intensity functions along singular edges are presented and demonstrated by several example problems from the field of fracture mechanics; including anisotropic domains and bimaterial interfaces. Circular edges are also presented and the author concludes with some remarks on open questions.

This well illustrated book will appeal to both applied mathematicians and engineers working in the field of fracture mechanics and singularities.

"

Mathematics is playing an ever more important role in the physical and biological sciences, provoking a blurring of boundaries between scientific dis ciplines and a resurgence of interest in the modern as well as the classical techniques of applied mathematics. This renewal of interest, both in research and teaching, has led to the establishment of the series: Texts in Applied Mathe matics (TAM). The development of new courses is a natural consequence of a high level of excitement on the research frontier as newer techniques, such as numerical and symbolic computer systems, dynamical systems, and chaos, mix with and reinforce the traditional methods of applied mathematics. Thus, the purpose of this textbook series is to meet the current and future needs of these advances and encourage the teaching of new courses. TAM will publish textbooks suitable for use in advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses, and will complement the Applied Mathematical Sciences (AMS) series, which will focus on advanced textbooks and research level monographs. Preface A successful concurrent numerical simulation requires physics and math ematics to develop and analyze the model, numerical analysis to develop solution methods, and computer science to develop a concurrent implemen tation. No single course can or should cover all these disciplines. Instead, this course on concurrent scientific computing focuses on a topic that is not covered or is insufficiently covered by other disciplines: the algorith mic structure of numerical methods.

This book will have strong appeal to interdisciplinary audiences, particularly in regard to its treatments of fluid mechanics, heat equations, and continuum mechanics. There is also a heavy focus on vector analysis. Maple examples, exercises, and an appendix is also included.

This collection is dedicated to the 70th jubilee of Yu. N. Savchenko, and presents experimental, theoretical, and numerical investigations written by an international group of well-known authors. The contributions solve very important problems of the high-speed hydrodynamics, such as supersonic motion in water, drag diminishing, dynamics and stability of supercavitating vehicles, water entry and hydrodynamic performances of hydrofoils, ventilated cavities after a disc and under the ship bottom.
The book is written for researches, scientists, engineers, and students interested in problems of hydromechanics."

This book is based on the belief that, before students can make sense of any presentation of abstract mathematics, they need to be engaged in mental activities that will establish an experiential base for any future verbal explanations and to have the opportunity to reflect on their activities. This approach is based on extensive theoretical and empirical studies, as well as on the substantial experience of the authors in teaching Abstract Algebra. The main source of activities in this course is computer constructions, specifically, small programs written in the math-like programming language ISETL; the main tool for reflection is work in teams of two to four students, where the activities are discussed and debated. Because of the similarity of ISETL expressions to standard written mathematics, there is very little programming overhead: learning to program is inseparable from learning the mathematics. Each topic is first introduced through computer activities, which are then followed by a text section and exercises. The text section is written in an informal, discursive style, closely relating definitions and proofs to the constructions in the activities. Notions such as cosets and quotient groups become much more meaningful to the students than when they are presented in a lecture.