Parallel Scientific Computing and Optimization introduces new developments in the construction, analysis, and implementation of parallel computing algorithms. This book presents 23 self-contained chapters, including survey chapters and surveys, written by distinguished researchers in the field of parallel computing. Each chapter is devoted to some aspects of the subject: parallel algorithms for matrix computations, parallel optimization, management of parallel programming models and data, with the largest focus on parallel scientific computing in industrial applications.

This volume is intended for scientists and graduate students specializing in computer science and applied mathematics who are engaged in parallel scientific computing.

This volume represents the refereed proceedings of the Eighth International C- ference on Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Scienti c Computing, which was held at the University of Montreal, from 6-11 July, 2008. It contains a limited selection of articles based on presentations made at the conference. The program was arranged with the help of an international committee consisting of: Ronald Cools, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Luc Devroye, McGill University Henri Faure, CNRS Marseille Paul Glasserman, Columbia University Peter W. Glynn, Stanford University Stefan Heinrich, University of Kaiserslautern Fred J. Hickernell, Illinois Institute of Technology Aneta Karaivanova, Bulgarian Academy of Science Alexander Keller, mental images GmbH, Berlin Adam Kolkiewicz, University of Waterloo Frances Y. Kuo, University of New South Wales Christian Lecot, Universite de Savoie, Chambery Pierre L'Ecuyer, Universite de Montreal (Chair and organizer) Jun Liu, Harvard University Peter Mathe, Weierstrass Institute Berlin Makoto Matsumoto, Hiroshima University Thomas Muller-Gronbach, Otto von Guericke Universitat Harald Niederreiter, National University of Singapore Art B. Owen, Stanford University Gilles Pages, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) Klaus Ritter, TU Darmstadt Karl Sabelfeld, Weierstrass Institute Berlin Wolfgang Ch. Schmid, University of Salzburg Ian H. Sloan, University of New South Wales Jerome Spanier, University of California, Irvine Bruno Tuf n, IRISA-INRIA, Rennes Henryk Wozniak ' owski, Columbia University. v vi Preface The local arrangements (program production, publicity, web site, registration, social events, etc.

This book presents innovative and high-quality research regarding advanced decision support systems (DSSs). It describes the foundations, methods, methodologies, models, tools, and techniques for designing, developing, implementing and evaluating advanced DSSs in different fields, including finance, health, emergency management, industry and pollution control. Decision support systems employ artificial intelligence methods to heuristically address problems that are cannot be solved using formal techniques. In this context, technologies such as the Semantic Web, linked data, big data, and machine learning are being applied to provide integrated support for individuals and organizations to make more rational decisions. The book is organized into two parts. The first part covers decision support systems for industry, while the second part presents case studies related to clinical emergency management and pollution control.

One current challenge of conducting research from the leadership-as-practice perspective is a practical one: how to capture and analyse the elusive practice of leadership within the web of mundane organising processes. Although a number of researchers have attempted to address the issue, there is not yet a definitive 'how to' guide to making sense of the empirical manifestations of leadership practices. The book responds directly to this challenge and offers a theoretical framework and practical guidance to capturing, identifying and analysing evidence of leadership practice emergence; and provides implications of this approach for leadership academics and practitioners. The developed framework enables a method for understanding these leadership instances as they are enacted by individuals within and against the evolving activities of their day-to-day work. The framework is underpinned by cultural-historical activity theory and critical realism and it conceptualises leadership practice by placing agents' actions and interactions within the context of their relationships, objectives, experiences, material and non-material artefacts and wider organising processes and organisational structures; work that has not yet been undertaken in the field. It offers a strong theoretical foundation for further development of our understanding of leadership-as-practice, providing a methodological guidance for undertaking leadership-as-practice research, and enables a discussion on the variety of underlying processes and elements as they emerge from empirical observations. It will be of value to researchers, academics, professionals, and students in the fields of business and management with a particular interest in management theory, organisational studies, and leadership research.

Sustainable Self-Governance in Businesses and Society offers a sound introduction to Stafford Beer's Viable System Model (VSM) and clarifies its relevance to support organisational sustainability and self-governance. While the VSM has been known since the early 1980s, it hasn't been always easy to understand and to apply. It explains the self-transformation methodology to analyse the way organisations manage (or not) their complexity and govern themselves. The work is supported by multiple examples of application in organisations of all scales - from small to multi-national corporations and from organised social networks to communities and national organisations. It clarifies the relevance of Beer's theory to support systemic learning and change in organisations, and to coach them to self-organise and self-govern. Readers interested in further understanding insights from complex systems and cybernetics theories for designing and transforming organisations will benefit from this book, as it works to offer very detailed insights on how to put the VSM theory into practice. It clarifies how it improves adaptive capabilities, agile and self-regulated structures, more capable of fully implementing corporate sustainability strategies and self-governing themselves. The chapters provide key reading for managers, consultants, practitioners, and post-graduate students working in organisational transformation, governance, and sustainability.

Based on the 2018 International Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IJCIEOM) conference that took place in Lisbon, Portugal, this proceedings volume is the first of two focusing on mathematical applications in digital transformation. The different contributions in this volume explore topics such as health care, social technologies, mathematical programming applications, public transport services, new product development, industry 4.0, occupational safety, quality control, e-services, risk management, and supply chain management. Written by renowned scientists from around the world, this multidisciplinary volume serves as a reference on industrial engineering and operations management and as a source on current findings for researchers and students who focus in business models, digital literacy and technology in education, logistics, production and information systems, and operations management.

Certain consultants argue leaders can quickly, easily, and considerably alter their organization cultures to improve performance. Conversely, field researchers have described situations where leaders could do little to alter the existing organization culture. Between these extreme positions, a spectrum of varying degrees of leader influence exists, and organizations fall at various places along this spectrum. This book presents five field studies dealing with team, service, and sales cultures where both expected and unexpected outcomes arose. In multiple instances, leaders hoped showing some employee appreciation would compensate for offering below market average wages. Several leadership groups were prospering based on cost cuts or increased sales. Those below often had their work intensified and they were experiencing greater stress. Eight paradoxical situations were uncovered and the interpretations of the participants were based in part on their personal work histories and the history of their current organization. In each case, evidence of employee informal organization and managerial operating cultures were documented. Analyzing Organization Cultures uses detailed case studies of five work organizations to offer a comparative approach to analyzing organizational culture. It shows the latest state of knowledge on the topic and will be of interest to researchers, academics, and students in the fields of organizational studies, management history, human resource management, and organizational theory.

Combinatorial optimisation is a ubiquitous discipline whose usefulness spans vast applications domains. The intrinsic complexity of most combinatorial optimisation problems makes classical methods unaffordable in many cases. To acquire practical solutions to these problems requires the use of metaheuristic approaches that trade completeness for pragmatic effectiveness. Such approaches are able to provide optimal or quasi-optimal solutions to a plethora of difficult combinatorial optimisation problems.

The application of metaheuristics to combinatorial optimisation is an active field in which new theoretical developments, new algorithmic models, and new application areas are continuously emerging. This volume presents recent advances in the area of metaheuristic combinatorial optimisation, with a special focus on evolutionary computation methods. Moreover, it addresses local search methods and hybrid approaches. In this sense, the book includes cutting-edge theoretical, methodological, algorithmic and applied developments in the field, from respected experts and with a sound perspective.

Sample-Path Analysis of Queueing Systems uses a deterministic (sample-path) approach to analyze stochastic systems, primarily queueing systems and more general input-output systems. Among other topics of interest it deals with establishing fundamental relations between asymptotic frequencies and averages, pathwise stability, and insensitivity. These results are utilized to establish useful performance measures. The intuitive deterministic approach of this book will give researchers, teachers, practitioners, and students better insights into many results in queueing theory. The simplicity and intuitive appeal of the arguments will make these results more accessible, with no sacrifice of mathematical rigor. Recent topics such as pathwise stability are also covered in this context. The book consistently takes the point of view of focusing on one sample path of a stochastic process. Hence, it is devoted to providing pure sample-path arguments. With this approach it is possible to separate the issue of the validity of a relationship from issues of existence of limits and/or construction of stationary framework. Generally, in many cases of interest in queueing theory, relations hold, assuming limits exist, and the proofs are elementary and intuitive. In other cases, proofs of the existence of limits will require the heavy machinery of stochastic processes. The authors feel that sample-path analysis can be best used to provide general results that are independent of stochastic assumptions, complemented by use of probabilistic arguments to carry out a more detailed analysis. This book focuses on the first part of the picture. It does however, provide numerous examples that invoke stochastic assumptions, which typically are presented at the ends of the chapters.

This new edition contains over 250 fully updated entries in operations management;
All bibliographies have been significantly up-dated and extended;
Features 93 new entries across a wide range of areas, including: service, strategy, technology and innovation;
Expands on core entries such as the newsvendor model;
Contains entries from 31 new, worldwide authors, featuring more than 50 international contributors in total.

For first courses in operations research, operations management. Covers a broad range of optimization techniques, including linear programming, network flows, integer/combinational optimization, and nonlinear programming. Emphasizes the importance of modeling and problem formulation, this text teaches students how to apply algorithms to real-world problems to arrive at optimal solutions. Visit the author-maintained web site athttp: //comp.uark.edu/ rrardin/oorboo

With the beginning of the twentieth century, American corporations in the chemical and electrical industries began establishing industrial research laboratories. Some went on to become world-famous not only for their scientific and technological breakthroughs but also for the new union of science and industry they represented. Innovative ideas do not simply appear out of the blue and spread on their own merit. Rather, the laboratory's diffusion takes place in a cultural context that goes beyond corporate capital and technological change. Using discourse analysis as a method to comprehensively capture the organizational field of the early American R&D laboratories from 1870 to 1930, this book uncovers the collective meanings associated with the industrial laboratory. Meanings such as what and where a laboratory is supposed to be, who the scientist is, and what it means to practice science provided cultural resources that made the transfer of the laboratory from academic science into an industrial setting possible by rendering such meanings understandable and operable to big business and organizational entrepreneurs fighting for hegemony in a rapidly evolving market. It analyzes not only the corporations that established laboratories in the United States but also their contexts - economic, political, and especially scientific - showing how "the industrial laboratory" was transformed from an organizational novelty into an expected institution in less than two decades. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics, historians, and students in the fields of organizational change, discourse studies, the management of technology and innovation, as well as business and management history.

DEA is computational at its core and this book will be one of several books that we will look to publish on the computational aspects of DEA. This book by Zhu and Cook will deal with the micro aspects of handling and modeling data issues in modeling DEA problems. DEA's use has grown with its capability of dealing with complex service industry and the public service domain types of problems that require modeling both qualitative and quantitative data. This will be a handbook treatment dealing with specific data problems including the following: (1) imprecise data, (2) inaccurate data, (3) missing data, (4) qualitative data, (5) outliers, (6) undesirable outputs, (7) quality data, (8) statistical analysis, (9) software and other data aspects of modeling complex DEA problems. In addition, the book will demonstrate how to visualize DEA results when the data is more than 3-dimensional, and how to identify efficiency units quickly and accurately.

This book provides a postgraduate audience the keys they need to understand and further develop a set of tools for the efficient computation of lower bounds and valid inequalities in integer programs and combinatorial optimization problems. After discussing the classical approaches described in the literature, the book addresses how to extend these tools to other non-standard formulations that may be applied to a broad set of applications. Examples are provided to illustrate the underlying concepts and to pave the way for future contributions.

This book presents a collection of the most current research into systemic creativity and TRIZ, engendering discussion and the exchange of new discoveries in the field. With chapters on idea generation, decision making, creativity support tools, artificial intelligence and literature based discovery, it will include a number of instruments of inventive design automation. Consisting of 15-20 chapters written by leading experts in the theory for inventive problem solving (TRIZ) and adjacent fields focused upon heuristics, the contributions will add to the method of inventive design, dialogue with other tools and methods, and teaching creativity in management education through real-life case studies.

This book closely examines the concept and theory of 'future' from a multidisciplinary perspective, focusing on the practice of forecasting, especially in its interaction with complexity. It highlights the relations between forecasting, decision-making and strategy, mixing technical arguments (but minimal mathematics) with ideas from psychology and philosophy. Rich with examples, the book highlights the role of values and attitudes in deciding how to look at the future. Written in a casual but precise style that makes the ideas easily digestible, it helps corporate strategists, practicing futurists, and researchers in the field of strategy or public planning gain a fundamental perspective on the future - before starting to predict things.

This unique book on international business presents a critical review of the role of bounded rationality in internationalization process (IP) research. Corporate internationalization processes have been a subject of scientific debate for several decades. However, it is questionable whether behavioral research insights are sufficiently acknowledged in this academic discipline. Against this backdrop, the author critically assesses the behavioral assumptions of the Uppsala Model, which is commonly considered to be the pivotal approach in internationalization process research.

Based on the 2018 International Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IJCIEOM) conference that took place in Lisbon, Portugal, this proceedings volume is the first of two focusing on mathematical applications in digital transformation. The different contributions in this volume explore topics such as modelling, simulation, logistics, innovation, sustainability, health care, supply chain, lean manufacturing, operations management, quality and digital. Written by renowned scientists from around the world, this multidisciplinary volume serves as a reference on industrial engineering and operations management and as a source on current findings for researchers and students aiming to work on industrial-related problems.

Health threats pose significant dangers to humankind and form a major source of human suffering and sorrow. Responsible leadership and reasoned decision making can significantly improve the arenas that are affected by health threats, through establishing a better allocation of very scarce resources for building health capabilities and for increasing health preparedness, responsiveness and resilience. This book examines how public health leaders can use the cutting-edge research from Decision Sciences to better manage emerging and re-emerging health threats, with a focus on enhancing health security. While these decisions must be informed by the best available evidence, they must also address competing priorities and key uncertainties and must mitigate critical risks, albeit in a cost-effective manner which seeks to maximize societal value. This is a book about how decisions on health security can be improved, both in terms of the content that is utilized in a health decision analysis and the decision processes that are employed in reaching a decision. This decision-focused perspective can help public health leaders and public health experts to increase the health preparedness of health systems, the task of which involves improving health capabilities, increasing the robustness of health systems against health threats, as well as strengthening health resilience and the responsiveness of these systems against disease outbreaks.

The contributions included in the volume are drawn from presentations at ODS2019 - International Conference on Optimization and Decision Science, which was the 49th annual meeting of the Italian Operations Research Society (AIRO) held at Genoa, Italy, on 4-7 September 2019. This book presents very recent results in the field of Optimization and Decision Science. While the book is addressed primarily to the Operations Research (OR) community, the interdisciplinary contents ensure that it will also be of very high interest for scholars and researchers from many scientific disciplines, including computer sciences, economics, mathematics, and engineering. Operations Research is known as the discipline of optimization applied to real-world problems and to complex decision-making fields. The focus is on mathematical and quantitative methods aimed at determining optimal or near-optimal solutions in acceptable computation times. This volume not only presents theoretical results but also covers real industrial applications, making it interesting for practitioners facing decision problems in logistics, manufacturing production, and services. Readers will accordingly find innovative ideas from both a methodological and an applied perspective.

The book presents the proceedings of the 5th EAI International Conference on Management of Manufacturing Systems (MMS 2020), which took place online on October 27-29, 2020. The conference covers the management of manufacturing systems with support for Industry 4.0, logistics and intelligent manufacturing systems and applications, cooperation management, and its effective applications. Topics include RFID applications, economic impacts in logistics, ICT support for Industry 4.0, industrial and smart Logistics, intelligent manufacturing systems and applications, and much more. The topic is of interest to researchers, practitioners, students, and academics in manufacturing and communications engineering.

Since its opening in 1978, China has undergone radical change. By establishing special economic zones along its Eastern coastal borders under Deng Xioping's tutelage, China entered the global market. Loosening controls from central government allowed for a more free-market approach that facilitated easier trading partnerships across national boundaries. Leadership and China: Philosophy, Place and Practice explores the impact of these changes today. Companies across the globe are doing business with Chinese counterparts, but recently the Western world has begun treating China with suspicion, with some commentators claiming nefarious aims on the part of Chinese Communist Party, and intentions of favoring China's growing middle class and political elites, while impoverishing other international trading partners. This calls for wise leadership on both sides of the political divide and this book facilitates conversations that explore synergies between East and West, aiming to move past suspicion and discuss how leaders might work for the benefit of all humanity. With an orientation towards conversations rather than polemics, graduate students, scholars and business leaders across the globe will benefit from this book.

This book highlights cutting-edge research into emergency early warning management and decision-making for severe accidents. Using toxic gas leakages as examples, it puts forward new design methods for emergency early warning systems, as well as a systematic description of emergency early warning information communication mechanisms and characteristics of regional evacuation, based on a wide range of theories, including safety engineering, information engineering, communication, behaviorology and others. The book applies a range of methods, such as case analysis, questionnaire interviews, and multi-objective optimization modeling. Drawing on this basis, it subsequently proposes a multi-objective optimization modeling and algorithm for emergency path selection, together with an evacuation risk assessment method. Divided into six chapters prepared by an international team of researchers, the book addresses the design of early warning systems, communication and dissemination mechanisms of early warning information, characteristics of regional evacuation, multi-objective optimization of emergency paths, and evacuation risk assessment. The book offers an essential reference guide for engineering technicians and researchers in a wide range of fields, including emergency management, safety science and engineering, disaster relief engineering, and transportation optimization, as well as graduate students in related majors at colleges and universities.

Fundamentals and important results of vector optimization in a general setting are presented in this book. The theory developed includes scalarization, existence theorems, a generalized Lagrange multiplier rule and duality results. Applications to vector approximation, cooperative game theory and multiobjective optimization are described. The theory is extended to set optimization with particular emphasis on contingent epiderivatives, subgradients and optimality conditions. Background material of convex analysis being necessary is concisely summarized at the beginning.

This second edition contains new parts on the adaptive Eichfelder-Polak method, a concrete application to magnetic resonance systems in medical engineering and additional remarks on the contribution of F.Y. Edgeworth and V. Pareto. The bibliography is updated and includes more recent important publications.

This book gathers selected papers presented at the International Conference on Advances in Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes, held at CMS College, Kerala, India, on 7-10 January 2019. It showcases high-quality research conducted in the field of applied probability and stochastic processes by focusing on techniques for the modelling and analysis of systems evolving with time. Further, it discusses the applications of stochastic modelling in queuing theory, reliability, inventory, financial mathematics, operations research, and more. This book is intended for a broad audience, ranging from researchers interested in applied probability, stochastic modelling with reference to queuing theory, inventory, and reliability, to those working in industries such as communication and computer networks, distributed information systems, next-generation communication systems, intelligent transportation networks, and financial markets.