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This book is the first to provide a detailed and critical account of the emergence, development, and implementation of plant variety protection laws in Asian countries. Each chapter undertakes a critical socio-legal analysis of one or more legal frameworks to understand, evaluate, and explore the concerns of diverse national stakeholders, the histories and dynamics of law-making, and the ways in which plant variety protection and seed certification laws interact with local agricultural systems. The book also assesses how Asian countries can capitalise on the 'unused policy space' in international agreements such as the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, as well as international obligations beyond these, such as those contained in the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Plant Treaty. It also highlights the many ways in which Asian experiences can offer new insights into the relationship between intellectual property and plants, and how relevant laws might be re-imagined in other regions, including Africa, Europe, and the Americas. By adding an important new perspective to the ongoing debate on intellectual property and plants, this book will appeal to academics, practitioners, and policy-makers engaged in work surrounding intellectual property laws, agricultural biodiversity, and plant breeding.

This open access edited book captures the complexities and conflicts arising at the interface of intellectual property rights (IPR) and competition law. To do so, it discusses four specific themes: (a) policies governing functioning of standard setting organizations (SSOs), transparency and incentivising future innovation; (b) issue of royalties for standard essential patents (SEPs) and related disputes; (c) due process principles, procedural fairness and best practices in competition law; and (d) coherence of patent policies and consonance with competition law to support innovation in new technologies. Many countries have formulated policies and re-oriented their economies to foster technological innovation as it is seen as a major source of economic growth. At the same time, there have been tensions between patent laws and competition laws, despite the fact that both are intended to enhance consumer welfare. In this regard, licensing of SEPs has been debated extensively, although in most instances, innovators and implementers successfully negotiate licensing of SEPs. However, there have been instances where disagreements on royalty base and royalty rates, terms of licensing, bundling of patents in licenses, pooling of licenses have arisen, and this has resulted in a surge of litigation in various jurisdictions and also drawn the attention of competition/anti-trust regulators. Further, a lingering lack of consensus among scholars, industry experts and regulators regarding solutions and techniques that are apposite in these matters across jurisdictions has added to the confusion. This book looks at the processes adopted by the competition/anti-trust regulators to apply the principles of due process and procedural fairness in investigating abuse of dominance cases against innovators.

In our digital world, data is power. Information hoarding businesses reign supreme, using intimidation, aggression, and force to maintain influence and control. Sarah Lamdan brings us into the unregulated underworld of these "data cartels", demonstrating how the entities mining, commodifying, and selling our data and informational resources perpetuate social inequalities and threaten the democratic sharing of knowledge. Just a few companies dominate most of our critical informational resources. Often self-identifying as "data analytics" or "business solutions" operations, they supply the digital lifeblood that flows through the circulatory system of the internet. With their control over data, they can prevent the free flow of information, masterfully exploiting outdated information and privacy laws and curating online information in a way that amplifies digital racism and targets marginalized communities. They can also distribute private information to predatory entities. Alarmingly, everything they're doing is perfectly legal. In this book, Lamdan contends that privatization and tech exceptionalism have prevented us from creating effective legal regulation. This in turn has allowed oversized information oligopolies to coalesce. In addition to specific legal and market-based solutions, Lamdan calls for treating information like a public good and creating digital infrastructure that supports our democratic ideals.

Economists advise that the law should seek efficiency. More recently, it has been suggested that common law systems are more conducive of economic growth than code-based civil law systems. This book argues that there is no theory to support such statements and provides evidence that rejects a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. Both common law and civil law systems are reviewed to debunk the relationship between the efficiency of the common law hypothesis and the alleged inferiority of codified law systems. Legal Origins and the Efficiency Dilemma has six aims: explaining the efficiency hypothesis of the common law since Posner's 1973 book; summarizing the legal origins theory in the context of economic growth; debunking their relationship; discussing the meaning of 'common law' and the problems with the efficiency hypothesis by comparing laws across English speaking jurisdictions; illustrating the shortcomings of the legal origins theory with a comparative law and economics analysis; and concluding there is no theory and evidence to support the economic superiority of common law systems. Based on previous pieces by the authors, this book expands their work by including new areas of analysis (such as trusts), detailing previous analysis (such as French law versus common law in the areas of contract, property and torts), and updating for recent developments in the academic discourse. This volume is of interest to academics and students who study microeconomics, comparative law and foundations of law, as well as legal policy analysts.

The intersection of the intellectual property and competition laws presents uniquely complicated legal issues. The entries, from leading judges, government officials, academics, and economists, explore history, the 'new economy', and frameworks to resolve the tension between the laws. They also address refusals to license, patent pools, innovation markets, standard setting organizations, and pharmaceutical patent settlements.

The late Jim Harris' theory of the science of law, and his theoretical work on human rights and property, have been a challenge and stimulus to legal scholars for the past twenty-five years. This collection of essays, originally conceived as a festschrift and now offered to the memory of a greatly admired scholar, assesses Harris' contribution across many fields of law and legal philosophy. The chapters are written by some of the foremost specialists writing today, and reflect the wide range of Harris's work, and the depth of his influence on legal studies. They include contributions on topics as diverse as the nature of law and legal reasoning, rival theories of property rights and their impact on practical questions before the courts; the nature of precedent in legal argument; and the evolving concept of human rights and its place in legal discourse. With a foreword by the Honourable Justice Edwin Cameron, this volume celebrates the life and work of Jim Harris

The international intellectual property (IP) law system allows states to develop policies that reflect their national interests. Therefore, although there is an international minimum standards framework in place, states have widely varying IP laws and differing interpretations of these laws. This book examines whether pluralism in IP law is functional when applied to copyright, patents and trademarks on an international basis. The book is divided into four parts which focus on the interaction between global standards and national norms, pluralism within the framework of international norms, pluralistic functions of copyright and the flexibility applied to patent law. Within these themes, topical issues are addressed such as traditional knowledge, geographical indications, protecting plant varieties and freedom of expression. Contributors are drawn from a range of jurisdictions to provide a global outlook on the topics at hand. Researchers and scholars who are interested in international IP law and its applications will find this to be a valuable resource. Policy makers will also benefit from the contributors' insights on whether law reforms in their home jurisdictions have been effective and how these laws interact with the international IP system.

This is a traditionally organized Trusts and Estates casebook that draws its materials exclusively from the case law and statutes of Wisconsin. The materials consist of judicial opinions from the Wisconsin Supreme Court, lower state courts, and federal courts operating in Wisconsin, as well as substantial materials taken from the current Wisconsin Statutes pertaining to probate, wills and intestacy, marital property, will substitutes, trusts, and fiduciary duties. A limited number of notes highlight the areas in which Wisconsin law departs from the national norm. As a consequence of the state specific focus of the text and the fact that cases are drawn from across the span of Wisconsin's history, it is possible to see the way in which the law of wills and trusts (and professional responsibility) has responded to changing social circumstances and evolving patterns of wealth distribution. About the author: Prof. J. Gordon Hylton, is a graduate of Oberlin College and the University of Virginia Law School, and holds a PhD in the History of American Civilization from Harvard University. He has taught at the Marquette University Law School since 1998, and has also taught at Chicago-Kent College of Law and as a visiting professor at Washington University, Washington and Lee, and the University of Virginia. He is the co-author of two Property Law Casebooks, Property Law and the Public Interest (Lexis/Nexis, 3rd ed. 2007) and A Concise Introduction to Property Law (Lexis/Nexis 2011). He is a former member of the Wisconsin Supreme Court's Committee on Wisconsin Legal History and a member of the American Society for Legal History.

In this volume charity commissioners and leading charity policy reformers from across the world reflect on the aims and objectives of charity regulation and what it has achieved. Regulating Charities represents an insider's review of the last quarter century of charity law policy and an insight for its future development. Charity Commissioners and nonprofit regulatory agency heads chart the nature of charity law reforms that they have implemented, with a 'warts and all' analysis. They are joined by influential sector reformers who assess the outcomes of their policy agitation. All reflect on the current state of charities in a fiscally restrained environment, often with conservative governments, and offer their views on productive regulatory paths available for the future. This topical collection brings together major charity regulation actors, and will be of great interest to anyone concerned with contemporary third sector policy-making, public administration and civil society.

Now in its second edition, Cybercrime: Key Issues and Debates provides a valuable overview of this fast-paced and growing area of law. As technology develops and internet-enabled devices become ever more prevalent, new opportunities exist for that technology to be exploited by criminals. One result of this is that cybercrime is increasingly recognised as a distinct branch of criminal law. The book offers readers a thematic and critical overview of cybercrime, introducing the key principles and clearly showing the connections between topics as well as highlighting areas subject to debate. Written with an emphasis on the law in the UK but considering in detail the Council of Europe's important Convention on Cybercrime, this text also covers the jurisdictional aspects of cybercrime in international law. Themes discussed include crimes against computers, property, offensive content, and offences against the person, and, new to this edition, cybercrime investigation. Clear, concise and critical, this book is designed for students studying cybercrime for the first time, enabling them to get to grips with an area of rapid change.

Exploring the potential for alignment as well as conflicts between IP and climate change, Intellectual Property, Climate Change and Technology encourages a coherent and integrated approach to decision making. This groundbreaking book identifies and challenges the lack of intersection between intellectual property law and climate change law at national level. It argues that intellectual property confers private rights on the results of innovation and creativity, while climate change law and policy exists more in the public sphere without engagement with intellectual property, with no space for the conflict between this private power and public goal to be investigated in litigation. This thought-provoking book will be of great interest to scholars working in the fields of IP, climate change law, human rights, and planning and sustainable development, challenging the assumption that some problems are dealt with only through consideration of certain areas of the law. Proposing new processes for policy and law making in order to remove barriers between these fields, Intellectual Property, Climate Change and Technology will also be a valuable resource for members of parliament and policy makers.

Media Law: A Practical Guide (Revised Edition) provides a clear and concise explanation of media law principles. It focuses on the practical aspects of how to protect oneself from claims and how to evaluate the likelihood of a successful claim. This new edition has been revised to reflect important changes and updates to the law, including recent developments relating to scandalous trademarks, embedding, fair use, drones, revenge porn laws, interpretation of emoji, GDPR, false statements laws, lies, and the libel implications of the #MeToo movement. Media Law is divided into five sections that help non-lawyers understand how the principles apply to their actual behavior: background information about the legal system; things you can be sued for; how you actually gather information; ways the government can regulate speech; and practical issues that are related to media law. This book is perfect for courses in media and communications law or a combination course in journalism law and ethics, as it covers both the legal and ethical aspects of communication.

This work constitutes a comprehensive overview of Indonesian intellectual property law since the substantial legislative changes enacted from 1997 onwards. It offers a detailed overview of the Indonesian law and regulation on copyright law, patent law, trademark law, and unfair competition, and analyzes the position of Indonesia with regard to the international conventions for the protection of intellectual property. An introduction on the history and development of the Indonesian legal system provides a context for the understanding of the current legislative framework on intellectual property in the year 2000. The book includes in annex authoritative translations of the main laws covering copyright, patents, and trademarks.

The concept of the cultural commons has become increasingly important for legal studies. Within this field, however, it is a contested concept: at once presented as a sphere for creativity, democratic access and freedom of speech, but one that denies property rights and misappropriates the public domain. In this book, Merima Bruncevic takes up the cultural commons not merely as an abstract notion, but in its connection to physical spaces such as museums and libraries. A legal cultural commons can, she argues, be envisioned as a lawscape that can quite literally be entered and engaged with. Focusing largely on art in the context of the copyright regime, but also addressing a number of cultural heritage issues, the book draws on the work of Deleuze and Guattari in order to examine the realm of the commons as a potential space for overcoming the dichotomy between the owner and the consumer of culture. Challenging this dichotomy, it is the productive and creative potential of law itself that is elicited through the book's approach to the commons as the empirical basis for a new legal framework, which is able to accommodate a multitude of interests and values.

This monograph aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the legal protection of the private equity (PE) investors in China. In an academic sense, this research mainly focuses on the agency problems in the life cycle of PE investment under the business organization law system in China. Briefly speaking, the agency problems of PE investment derive from the two-level separation of ownership and control, one of which is the principal-agent relationship between the PE investors and the fund manager, and the other is the principal-agent relationship between the PE shareholders and the management of investee companies. It is the first research to provide an in-depth examination on the investor protection in the PE investment under the business organization law system in China.

"International Litigation in Intellectual Property and Information Technology" - Editor: Arnaud Nuyts, Co-Editors: Nikitas Hatzimihail, Katarzyna Szychowska. The pressure to develop an intellectual property litigation framework at a supranational level is enormous. The tensions among technological change, the forces of an ever-more global market, the quest of market actors for tactical advantage and of legal actors for equitable solutions, and the ever-present imperative of the principle of economy in judicial proceedings all cry out for resolution. In the progress toward this framework, the fourteen leading authorities who have put this remarkable symposium together show that European Community law, and particularly its effect on judicial cooperation among Member States in civil and commercial matters, has led and continues to lead the way.This is the first book to emphasize the role of the judicial cooperation aspect of cross-border intellectual property litigation. Starting from European private law as it is currently evolving, the authors focus intensively on the issues surrounding such central questions as the following: how different should the treatment of IP litigation be from other transnational private activity? How different should the treatment of different IP forms be, at least from a private international law perspective? How do the answers to these questions relate to methodological shifts within the discipline of private international law itself?How should the doctrinal solutions we give integrate substantive values such as the EC basic freedoms or new ideas about the meaning of property in the context of intellectual works? What should the relationship be between the rules on jurisdiction and the rules on applicable law? How global or how distinct do we want the European legal regime in this area to be? What should be the coordination and/or allocation of competences between the various international institutions and instruments?The wide-ranging analyzes presented here will contribute substantially to the establishment of a common frame of reference among intellectual property lawyers and private international lawyers, across the EU and on a global scale. For policymakers, practitioners, and academics in international IP law, this book offers food for thought for legislative projects, reviews and renews doctrines in private international law and the transnational legal treatment of intellectual property, and affirms a forward-looking dialogue on these crucial matters.

This book is the first of its kind to chart the terrain of contemporary India's many place names. It explores different 'place connections', investigates how places are named and renamed, and looks at the forces that are remaking the future place name map of India. Lucid and accessible, this book explores the bonds between names, places and people through a unique amalgamation of toponomy, history, mythology and political studies within a geographical expression. This volume addresses questions on the status and value of place names, their interpretation and classification. It brings to the fore the connections between place names and the cultural, geographical and historical significations they are associated with. This will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of geography, law, politics, history and sociology, and will also be of interest to policy-makers, administrators and the common reader interested in India.

'This book brings to bear Professor Maggiolino's considerable skills as a comparative competition law scholar on what is perhaps the single most important competition policy issue facing us today - namely, how to use IP policy and competition policy in tandem to further both economic competition and competition in innovation. Professor Maggiolino's book covers a large range of IP practices by dominant firms where competition law can be invoked, including 'sham' litigation and product design, improper infringement actions, predation, and refusals to license. This book is well researched, well written, and completely up to date. Every serious competition law/antitrust and intellectual property scholar and practitioner should regard it as 'must' reading.' - From the foreword by Herbert Hovenkamp, University of IowaThis insightful book compares how the US and EU antitrust authorities have enforced Section 2 of the Sherman Act, and Article 102 of the TFEU against monopolists' practices involving intellectual property rights. The discussion comes in the wake of the great interest engendered by the interface between antitrust law and intellectual property rights, considering that the ongoing integration of markets pushes countries towards a harmonization of their legal systems. Mariateresa Maggiolino takes this inquiry forward by confronting the two jurisdictions' legal standards with current economic thinking, and discusses the policy suggestions that result. In addition, topics that are usually treated separately are effectively combined. The legal analysis is frequently connected and compared to the past and present economic thinking and Mariateresa Maggiolino expertly embraces the historical, cultural and policy perspectives. This unique book will therefore prove enriching for academics and postgraduate students of law and industrial organization. Contents: Preface by Herbert Hovenkamp; Introduction; 1. Antitrust Law, IPRs and Economics: the Leeway for Policy Choices; 2. Section 2 and Article 102(b): The Antitrust Roots of the Antitrust-IP Interface; 3. Ownership of IPRs; 4. Predatory System Innovations; 5. Refusals to license IPRs; 6. IP Judicial and Administrative Processes; 7. Conclusion; Bibliography

This three-volume collection comprises a selection of research articles and papers on geographical indications by the leading academics in this field. The collection examines the functions and economic underpinnings of this form of product designation, together with the various forms of legal protection of geographical indications, both national and international. It contains a number of contributions that examine the potential impacts of geographical indications in developing countries, which explore this form of marketing through case studies. With an original introduction by the editor Michael Blakeney, these volumes are an excellent reference for scholars and researchers in this field.

As intellectual property becomes ever more central to modern firms, the role of employer-employee relationships in intangible asset management has also evolved. Professors Oswald and Pagnattaro tackle this important topic in a rich and diverse new book. Through a series of intellectually robust chapters written by noted experts, they consider employees from the perspective of knowledge generators, team members with mobility rights, liability risks and even information misappropriators. The analysis and advice one derives is timely, creative and often surprising. I believe that Managing the Legal Nexus Between Intellectual Property and Employees is an essential read for attorneys, managers and investors who want to remain competitive in today's global business environment. And educators will find it an important reference for training future business leaders.' - Daniel R. Cahoy, Penn State University, USThe explosion in intellectual capital coincides with a growing understanding of the importance of human capital to the firm. Managing the Legal Nexus Between Intellectual Property and Employees: Domestic and Global Contexts highlights some of the most critical contemporary issues occurring at the intersection of intellectual property law, employment law, and global trade. In addition to the legal dimensions, the book tackles issues of strategy and decision-making for businesses. The contributors discuss the use of employment contracts to protect intellectual property, ownership of intellectual property created by employees, officer liability issues relating to infringement, post-employment confidentiality and non-compete agreements, and inadvertent or deliberate misappropriation of trade secrets. The discussion of key topics in intellectual property law in the US and abroad makes this a valuable resource for both academics and practitioners worldwide. Business managers, government employees, and intellectual property owners will appreciate its timely and cutting-edge analysis. Contributors: R. Bird, N.C. Bishara, E. Brown, R.M. Lorentz, J.M. Magid, S. Marsnik, D. Orozc, L.J. Oswald, M. Pagnattaro, S. Park, J.D. Prenkert, C.M.C. Westphal

In the Information Age, historically marginalized groups and developing nations continue to strive for socio-economic empowerment within the global community. Their ultimate success largely depends upon their ability to develop, protect, and exploit their greatest natural resource: intellectual property. Through an exploration of the techniques used in social entrepreneurship, Intellectual Property, Entrepreneurship and Social Justice provides a framework by which historically marginalized communities and developing nations can cooperate with the developed world to establish a socially cohesive global intellectual property order. The knowledgeable contributors discuss, in four parts, topics surrounding entrepreneurship and empowerment, education and advocacy, engagement and activism and, finally, commencement. Experts in the field, scholars, law professors and students of intellectual property, human rights and international trade and development will find this book to be both thought-provoking and a valuable resource. Contributors: D.M. Conway, S. Ghosh, L.J. Gibbons, M. Gollin, R.S. Heimes, P. Lyfoung, A. McGeehan, C. McNulty, L. Mtima, L.E. Mulraine, J.R. Whitman, V. Rawlston Wilson, P.K. Yu

Exploring obstacles to effective compensation of victims of competition infringements, this book categorises the types of victims harmed and the types of losses arisen from these infringements to identify to what extent there is a need for enhanced private competition law enforcement in the European Union (EU) and the best way to address this need. It shows that there is a genuine need for facilitating consumer damages actions and that consumer claims are the only claims that can be pursued in a collective redress action. In order to compensate consumers and overcome barriers to effective enforcement of their right to damages, it structures a collective redress action for consumers by considering the following elements: i. the formation of the group, ii. the type of representative party iii. funding mechanisms and iv. calculation and distribution of damages.