The Water Research Institute at the Technion (Israel Institute of Technology) is proud to have initiated and sponsored the International Workshop "Soil and Aquifer Pollution: Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids - Contamination and Recla- tion," held May 13th-15th, 1996, on the Technion campus in Haifa. Groundwater contamination is one of the pressing issues facing Israel and other countries which depend on groundwater for water supply. In Israel, 60% of the water supply comes from groundwater, most of it from two large aquifers. The Coastal Aquifer underlies the area where the largest concentration of human activity already takes place, and where much of future development is expected to occur. It is a phreatic sandstone aquifer, vulnerable to pollution from activities at the surface. The Mountain Aquifer is recharged in the higher terrain to the east, and flows, first in a phreatic zone, then confined, westward and underneath the Coastal Aquifer. This limestone aquifer has higher permeabilities and flow velo- ties, so pollution can reach the groundwater quite readily. Smaller local aquifers are also important components in the national water system. While measures are taken to protect these aquifers from pollution, there are locations where contamination has already occurred. Furthermore, accidental pollution may not be totally avoided in the future. Therefore, understanding the processes of groundwater contamination, recommending the proper measures for preventing it, and determining the best means for reclamation once pollution has occurred, are of great practical importance. Non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) are among the most significant contaminants.

This title includes state-of-the-art review of scientific knowledge on the environmental risk of ocean discharge of produced water and advances in mitigation technologies. In offshore oil and gas operations, produced water (the water produced with oil or gas from a well) accounts for the largest waste stream (in terms of volume discharged). Its discharge is continuous during oil and gas production and typically increases in volume over the lifetime of an offshore production platform. Produced water discharge as waste into the ocean has become an environmental concern because of its potential contaminant content. Environmental risk assessments of ocean discharge of produced water have yielded different results. For example, several laboratory and field studies have shown that significant acute toxic effects cannot be detected beyond the 'point of discharge' due to rapid dilution in the receiving waters. However, there is some preliminary evidence of chronic sub-lethal impacts in biota associated with the discharge of produced water from oil and gas fields within the North Sea. As the composition and concentration of potential produced water contaminants may vary from one geologic formation to another, this conference also highlights the results of recent studies in Atlantic Canada.

Proceedings of an international conference see title] organized by The Society for Underwater Technology and held in London, February 1989. Thirteen papers on topics such as deepwater drilling, well testing and production, subsea valves, seismic profiling, remotely operated coring, deepwater hydroc

Fluid-Solid Interactions in Upstream Oil and Gas Applications, Volume 78 delivers comprehensive understanding of fluid-rock interactions in oil and gas reservoirs and their impact on drilling, production, and reservoir hydrocarbon management. The book is arranged based on intervals of the oil and gas production process and introduces the basics of reservoir fluids and their properties, along with the rheological behavior of solid-fluid systems across all stages of the reservoir, including drilling processes, acidizing, and fracking. The reference then addresses different application-specific issues, such as solid-fluid interactions in tight reservoirs, the applications of nanoparticles, interactions during the EOR processes, and environmental concerns.

In the modem language of reservoir engineering by reservoir description is understood the totality of basic local information concerning the reservoir rock and fluids which by various procedures are extrapolated over the entire reservoir. Fracture detection, evaluation and processing is another essential step in the process of fractured reservoir description. In chapter 2, all parameters related to fracture density and fracture intensity, together with various procedures of data processing are discussed in detail. After a number of field examples, developed in Chap. 3, the main objective remains the quantitative evaluation of physical properties. This is done in Chap. 4, where the evaluation of fractures porosity and permeability, their correlation and the equivalent ideal geometrical models versus those parameters are discussed in great detail. Special rock properties such as capillary pressure and relative permeability are reexamined in the light of a double-porosity reservoir rock. In order to complete the results obtained by direct measurements on rock samples, Chap. 5 examines fracturing through indirect measurements from various logging results. The entire material contained in these five chapters defines the basic physical parameters and indicates procedures for their evaluation which may be used further in the description of fractured reservoirs.

This book Understanding Pore Space through Log Measurements deals with porosity, insight on pore shape connectedness, grain size, grain aspect ratio, permeability etc. Most of the published literature is focused on permeability from log measurements and log analytic techniques for porosity and fluid saturation determination. On the other hand, this book aims at looking at porosity distribution, pore shape, and pore connectedness using log measurements and thus bringing pore space into focus. A compilation of available knowledge from this perspective will lead the reader to better understanding of reservoir characterization takeaways, which exploration and exploitation managers and workers will be looking for.

Design Aspects of Used Lubricating Oil Re-Refining presents a feasible and comprehensive technology for recycling of used lubricating oils. This book discusses efficient and effective ways of reusing lubricating oil which, if implemented, will result in a better quality of life, the stability of the environment, the health of national economies and better relationships between nations. It presents essential experimental results for process designers and engineers to establish a complete process design. The conditions and behaviour in each step in the re-refining process, (dehydration, solvent extraction, solvent stripping, and vacuum distillation) are examined in order to discover ways to recover and reuse wastes that are produced by lubricating oils.
Addresses and demonstrates the current knowledge of the process behaviour and re-refining technology of used lubricating oils
Introduces background information on the lubrication, oil recycling industry outlining the major manufacturers and detailing their processes
Contains 94 figures and 22 tables that on results regarding the re-refining process behaviour of used lubricating oil"

Reservoir Characterization of Tight Gas Sandstones: Exploration and Development is essential reading for those working in oil and gas exploration (both in industry and academia) as it contains chapters that help them further understand all aspects of tight gas reservoirs. In this book, experts in industry and academia update readers on new methods of tight gas reservoir modeling and evaluation. As there are very limited published books in the field of tight sandstones, this book will benefit readers by making them familiar with state-of-art methods of tight gas sandstones characterization and evaluation.

This book presents the fundamental principles of drilling en gineering, with the primary objective of making a good well using data that can be properly evaluated through geology, reservoir engineering, and management. It is written to assist the geologist, drilling engineer, reservoir engineer, and manager in performing their assignments. The topics are introduced at a level that should give a good basic understanding of the subject and encourage further investigation of specialized interests. Many organizations have separate departments, each per forming certain functions that can be done by several methods. The reentering of old areas, as the industry is doing today, particularly emphasizes the necessity of good holes, logs, casing design, and cement job. Proper planning and coordination can eliminate many mistakes, and I hope the topics discussed in this book will playa small part in the drilling of better wells. This book was developed using notes, comments, and ideas from a course I teach called "Drilling Engineering with Offshore Considerations." Some "rules of thumb" equations are used throughout, which have proven to be helpful when applied in the ix x / Preface proper perspective. The topics are presented in the proper order for carrying through the drilling of a well."

Fine Reservoir Description: Techniques, Current Status, Challenges and Solutions presents studies on fine oil and gas reservoirs, covering aspects of current status and progress, content and methods/techniques, as well as challenges and solutions through literature review and case studies of reservoirs, including volcanic rocks in the Songliao Basin, glutenite at the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin, and sandstone in the Liaohe Basin, China. This book contains a large amount of data and illustrations.

Case Studies of Material Corrosion Prevention for Oil and Gas Valves delivers a critical reference for engineers and corrosion researchers. Packed with nearly 30 real-world case studies, this reference gives engineers standardized knowledge on how to maintain, select and prevent typical corrosion problems in a variety of oil and gas settings. Subsea, offshore, refineries and processing plants are all included, covering a variety of challenges such as chloride stress cracking, how to use Teflon powder to prevent cross contamination, and carbon dioxide corrosion. Organized for quick discovery, this book gives engineers a much-needed tool to safely protect their assets and the environment. Engineers working in oil and gas operations understand that corrosion is a costly expense that increases emissions and damages the environment, but many standards do not provide practical examples with solutions, leaving engineers to learn through experience. This resource provides comprehensive information on topics of interest.

Fundamentals of Horizontal Wellbore Cleanout delivers the latest methods regarding effective sand cleanout tools in horizontal wellbores. Providing the most relevant information, including sand bed formation, sand settling velocity, friction and hydraulics, this book covers the most effective tools and emerging technologies. Sections discuss the settling characteristics of sand and the effects of particle shape and size on drag coefficients, along with models for drag coefficients using experimental data. Numerical studies on sand transport efficiency as well as prediction models of sand concentration and an evaluation of friction between pipe and sand bed are also included. Illustrative case studies include cleanout with varying nozzle assemblies leading to optimum design on operation procedures, bottomhole assembly, and other lessons learned from known field experience. Rounding out with future research on cost-saving strategies including CO2 used as a washing fluid in water-sensitive formations, Fundamentals of Horizontal Wellbore Cleanout gives today's petroleum and drilling engineers alternative methods to hole cleaning in today's horizontal wells.

Flow Analysis for Hydrocarbon Pipeline Engineering gives engineers a tool to help them determine fluid dynamics. The book describes hydrocarbon fluid transport in pipelines by presenting useful applied thermodynamic derivations specialized for pipelines. All transport phenomena is covered, such as heat, momentum and mass transport. Moving past the fundamentals, the reference addresses the complexity of these fluids and dedicates a chapter on multiphase mixtures, including slugging, hydrates, wax and sand. Rounding out with practical case studies, this book delivers a critical reference for engineers and flow assurance experts that will help them correlate basic fluid principles with applied engineering practices.

Mechanics, the oldest branch of physics, to this day remains the basis for modern technology. This is especially evident with regard to the oil and gas industry. Almost all of the technological processes in these branches of industry, from the drilling of wells to the transporting of oil and gas products via pipelines, are mechanical in their nature. The processes of the development of oil and gas deposits are of primary importance in the whole technological chain of oil and gas extraction from the rocks and their transportation to the customer. The use of scientific methods for improving technology is a long-established tradition of oil and gas industry. For the Western reader, it is enough to mention the fundamental treatises by the outstanding American research scientist and engineer M. Muskat (1937, 1949) as well as the excellent books of Scheidegger (1960) and Collins (1961) which combine practical goals with profound theoretical analysis. The initiators of the application of mechanics for solving problems of the oil and gas industry in the U.S.S.R. were V.G. Shukhov (1981) and LS. Leibenzon (1934, 1947, 1953, 1955) whose works constitute admirable examples of Soviet technical thought. During recent times, the magnitude of oil and gas extraction has increased immensely and many reservoirs with complicated physical and geological properties have, therefore, entered into the development. The fundamental problem of enhancing oil and gas recovery from rocks has been intensively and deeply analyzed.

The first edition of this book demystified the process of well log analysis for students, researchers and practitioners. In the two decades since, the industry has changed enormously: technical staffs are smaller, and hydrocarbons are harder to locate, quantify, and produce. New drilling techniques have engendered new measurement devices incorporated into the drilling string. Corporate restructuring and the "graying" of the workforce have caused a scarcity in technical competence involved in the search and exploitation of petroleum. The updated 2nd Edition reviews logging measurement technology developed in the last twenty years, and expands the petrophysical applications of the measurements.

Unconventional Shale Gas Development: Lessons Learned gives engineers the latest research developments and practical applications in today's operations. Comprised of both academic and corporate contributors, a balanced critical review on technologies utilized are covered. Environmental topics are presented, including produced water management and sustainable operations in gas systems. Machine learning applications, well integrity and economic challenges are also covered to get the engineer up-to-speed. With its critical elements, case studies, history plot visuals and flow charts, the book delivers a critical reference to get today's petroleum engineers updated on the latest research and applications surrounding shale gas systems.

With substantial contributions from experienced industrial scientists and engineers, this work will have real application towards improving process efficiency and improvement in the trillion-dollar global petroleum industry. It presents an overview of the emerging field of petroleomics, which endeavors to understand the fundamental components of crude oil. Petroleomics promises to revolutionize petroleum science in much the same way that genomics transformed the study of medicine not long ago. Asphaltenes are a particular focus, with many chapters devoted to the analysis of their structure and properties.