Trade magazines and review articles describe MWD in casual terms, e.g., positive versus negative pulsers, continuous wave systems, drilling channel noise and attenuation, in very simple terms absent of technical rigor. However, few truly scientific discussions are available on existing methods, let alone the advances necessary for high-data-rate telemetry. Without a strong foundation building on solid acoustic principles, rigorous mathematics, and of course, fast, inexpensive and efficient testing of mechanical designs, low data rates will impose unacceptable quality issues to real-time formation evaluation for years to come. This all-new revised second edition of an instant classic promises to change all of this. The lead author and M.I.T.-educated scientist, Wilson Chin, has written the only book available that develops mud pulse telemetry from first principles, adapting sound acoustic principles to rigorous signal processing and efficient wind tunnel testing. In fact, the methods and telemetry principles developed in the book were recently adopted by one of the world's largest industrial corporations in its mission to redefine the face of MWD. The entire engineering history for continuous wave telemetry is covered: anecdotal stories and their fallacies, original hardware problems and their solutions, different noise mechanisms and their signal processing solutions, apparent paradoxes encountered in field tests and simple explanations to complicated questions, and so on, are discussed in complete "tell all" detail for students, research professors and professional engineers alike. These include signal processing algorithms, signal enhancement methods, and highly efficient "short" and "long wind tunnel" test methods, whose results can be dynamically re-scaled to real muds flowing at any speed. A must read for all petroleum engineering professionals!

This book on PVT and Phase Behaviour Of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids is volume 47 in the Developments in Petroleum Science series. The chapters in the book are: Phase Behaviour Fundamentals, PVT Tests and Correlations, Phase Equilibria, Equations of State, Phase Behaviour Calculations, Fluid Characterisation, Gas Injection, Interfacial Tension, and Application in Reservoir Simulation.

This book Understanding Pore Space through Log Measurements deals with porosity, insight on pore shape connectedness, grain size, grain aspect ratio, permeability etc. Most of the published literature is focused on permeability from log measurements and log analytic techniques for porosity and fluid saturation determination. On the other hand, this book aims at looking at porosity distribution, pore shape, and pore connectedness using log measurements and thus bringing pore space into focus. A compilation of available knowledge from this perspective will lead the reader to better understanding of reservoir characterization takeaways, which exploration and exploitation managers and workers will be looking for.

Heavy crude oils and bitumen represent more than 50% of all hydrocarbons available on the planet. These feedstocks have a low amount of distillable material and high level of contaminants that make their production, transportation, and refining difficult and costly by conventional technologies. Subsurface Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oils and Bitumen is of interest to the petroleum industry mainly because of the advantages compared to aboveground counterparts. The author presents an in-depth account and a critical review of the progress of industry and academia in underground or In-Situ upgrading of heavy, extra-heavy oils and bitumen, as reported in the patent and open literature. This work is aimed to be a standalone monograph, so three chapters are dedicated to the composition of petroleum and fundamentals of crude oil production and refining. Key Features: Offers a multidisciplinary scope that will appeal to chemists, geologists, biologists, chemical engineers, and petroleum engineers Presents the advantages and disadvantages of the technologies considered Discusses economic and environmental considerations for all the routes evaluated and offers perspectives from experts in the field working with highlighted technologies

The mooring system is a vital component of various floating facilities in the oil, gas, and renewables industries. However, there is a lack of comprehensive technical books dedicated to the subject. Mooring System Engineering for Offshore Structures is the first book delivering in-depth knowledge on all aspects of mooring systems, from design and analysis to installation, operation, maintenance and integrity management. The book gives beginners a solid look at the fundamentals involved during mooring designs with coverage on current standards and codes, mooring analysis and theories behind the analysis techniques. Advanced engineers can stay up-to-date through operation, integrity management, and practical examples provided. This book is recommended for students majoring in naval architecture, marine or ocean engineering, and allied disciplines in civil or mechanical engineering. Engineers and researchers in the offshore industry will benefit from the knowledge presented to understand the various types of mooring systems, their design, analysis, and operations.

Good engineers never stop looking for opportunities to improve the performance of their production systems. Performance enhancement methods are always carefully examined, and production data is analyzed in order to identify determining factors affecting performance. The two main activities of the production engineer in the petroleum and related industries are reservoir stimulation and artificial lift. The classic solution to maximizing a well's productivity is to stimulate it. The basis for selecting stimulation candidates should be a review of the well's actual and theoretical IPR. Low permeability wells often need fracturing on initial completion. In low permeability zones, additional post stimulation production can be significant to the economics, however, the production engineer needs to make management aware of the true long term potential or else overly optimistic projections can easily be made. The main purpose of stimulation is to enhance the property value by the faster delivery of the petroleum fluid and/or to increase ultimate economic recovery. The aim of reservoir stimulation is to bypass near-wellbore damage and return a well to its "natural" productivity / injectivity, to extend a conductive path deep into a formation and thus increase productivity beyond the natural level and to produce hydrocarbon from tight formation. The importance of reservoir stimulation is increasing due to following reasons: * Hydrocarbon fields in their mid-life * Production in these fields are in declining trend * The thrust area: Enhancement of production Hence, to improve productivity of the well matrix stimulation and hydraulic fracturing are intended to remedy, or even improve, the natural connection of the wellbore with the reservoir, which could delay the need for artificial lift. This book presents procedures taken in the Oil & Gas Industry for identifying well problems, and it suggests means of solving problems with the help of the Coil Tube unit which is used for improving well productivity and techniques like Acidizing and Hydraulic Fracturing.

Traditional well logging methods, such as resistivity, acoustic, nuclear and NMR, provide indirect information related to fluid and formation properties. The "formation tester," offered in wireline and MWD/LWD operations, is different. It collects actual downhole fluid samples for surface analysis, and through pressure transient analysis, provides direct measurements for pore pressure, mobility, permeability and anisotropy. These are vital to real-time drilling safety, geosteering, hydraulic fracturing and economic analysis. Methods for formation testing analysis, while commercially important and accounting for a substantial part of service company profits, however, are shrouded in secrecy. Unfortunately, many are poorly constructed, and because details are not available, industry researchers are not able to improve upon them. This new book explains conventional models and develops new powerful algorithms for "double-drawdown" and "advanced phase delay" early-time analysis - importantly, it is now possible to predict both horizontal and vertical permeabilities, plus pore pressure, within seconds of well logging in very low mobility reservoirs. Other subjects including inertial Forchheimer effects in contamination modeling and time-dependent flowline volumes are also developed. All of the methods are explained in complete detail. Equations are offered for users to incorporate in their own models, but convenient, easy-to-use software is available for those needing immediate answers. The leading author is a well known petrophysicist, with hands-on experience at Schlumberger, Halliburton, BP Exploration and other companies. His work is used commercially at major oil service companies, and important extensions to his formation testing models have been supported by prestigious grants from the United States Department of Energy. His new collaboration with China National Offshore Oil Corporation marks an important turning point, where advanced simulation models and hardware are evolving side-by-side to define a new generation of formation testing logging instruments. The present book provides more than formulations and solutions: it offers a close look at formation tester development "behind the scenes," as the China National Offshore Oil Corporation opens up its research, engineering and manufacturing facilities through a collection of interesting photographs to show how formation testing tools are developed from start to finish.

Microorganisms can be both beneficial and harmful to the oil and gas industry and therefore there is an increasing need for the oil industry to characterize, quantify and monitor microbial communities in real time. Oilfield Microbiology offers a fundamental insight into how molecular microbiological methods have enabled researchers in the field to analyze and quantify in situ microbial communities and their activities in response to changing environmental conditions. Such information is fundamental to the oil industry to employ more directed, cost-effective strategies to prevent the major problems associated with deleterious microbial activities (e.g., souring and biocorrosion), as well as to encourage beneficial microbe activity (e.g. oil bioremediation). The aim of the book is to understand how the technological advances in molecular microbiological methods over the last two decades are now being utilized by the oil industry to address the key issues faced by the sector. This book contains a comprehensive collection of chapters written by invited experts in the field from academia and industry and provides a solid foundation of the importance of microbes to the oil and gas industry. It is aimed at microbial ecologists, molecular biologists, operators, engineers, chemists, and academics involved in the sector.

Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants Incorporating Process Safety Incidents, Fifth Edition, Volume One is ever evolving and provides improved techniques and fundamental design methodologies to guide the practicing engineer in designing process equipment and applying chemical processes to properly detailed hardware. Like its predecessor, this new edition continues to present updated information for achieving optimum operational and process conditions and avoiding problems caused by inadequate sizing and lack of internally detailed hardware. The volume provides both fundamental theories, where applicable, and direct application of these theories to applied equations essential in the design effort. This approach in presenting design information is essential for troubleshooting process equipment and in executing system performance analysis. Volume 1 covers process planning, flow-sheeting, scheduling, cost estimation, economic factors, physical properties of liquids and gases, fluid flow, mixing of liquids, mechanical separations, process safety, pressure-relieving devices, metallurgy and corrosion, and process optimization. The book builds upon Ludwig’s classic text to further enhance its use as a chemical engineering process design manual of methods and proven fundamentals. This new edition includes new content on three-phase separation, ejectors and mechanical vacuum systems, process safety management, HAZOP and hazard analyses, and optimization of chemical process/blending.

Reservoir Characterization of Tight Gas Sandstones: Exploration and Development is essential reading for those working in oil and gas exploration (both in industry and academia) as it contains chapters that help them further understand all aspects of tight gas reservoirs. In this book, experts in industry and academia update readers on new methods of tight gas reservoir modeling and evaluation. As there are very limited published books in the field of tight sandstones, this book will benefit readers by making them familiar with state-of-art methods of tight gas sandstones characterization and evaluation.

This two volume set reviews the fundamentals, performance, and in situ characterization of PEMFCs and DMFCs. Volume 1 covers the fundamental science and engineering of these low temperature fuel cells, focusing on understanding and improving performance and operation. Part one reviews systems fundamentals, ranging from fuels and fuel processing, to the development of membrane and catalyst materials and technology, and gas diffusion media and flowfields, as well as life cycle aspects and modelling approaches. Part two details performance issues relevant to fuel cell operation and durability, such as catalyst ageing, materials degradation and durability testing, and goes on to review advanced transport simulation approaches, degradation modelling and experimental monitoring techniques.
Volume 2 details in situ characterization, including experimental and innovative techniques, used to understand fuel cell operational issues and materials performance. Part I reviews enhanced techniques for characterization of catalyst activities and processes, such as X-ray absorption and scattering, advanced microscopy and electrochemical mass spectrometry. Part II reviews characterization techniques for water and fuel management, including neutron radiography and tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, Part III focuses on locally resolved characterization methods, from transient techniques and electrochemical microscopy, to laser-optical methods and synchrotron radiography.
Covers the fundamental science and engineering of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), focusing on understanding and improving performance and operationReviews systems fundamentals, ranging from fuels and fuel processing, to the development of membrane and catalyst materials and technology, and gas diffusion media and flowfields, as well as life cycle aspects and modelling approachesDetails in situ characterisation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), including the experimental and innovative techniques used to understand fuel cell operational issues and materials performance

Fine Reservoir Description: Techniques, Current Status, Challenges and Solutions presents studies on fine oil and gas reservoirs, covering aspects of current status and progress, content and methods/techniques, as well as challenges and solutions through literature review and case studies of reservoirs, including volcanic rocks in the Songliao Basin, glutenite at the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin, and sandstone in the Liaohe Basin, China. This book contains a large amount of data and illustrations.

The need for this book has arisen from demand for a current text from our students in Petroleum Engineering at Imperial College and from post-experience Short Course students. It is, however, hoped that the material will also be of more general use to practising petroleum engineers and those wishing for aa introduction into the specialist literature. The book is arranged to provide both background and overview into many facets of petroleum engineering, particularly as practised in the offshore environments of North West Europe. The material is largely based on the authors' experience as teachers and consultants and is supplemented by worked problems where they are believed to enhance understanding. The authors would like to express their sincere thanks and appreciation to all the people who have helped in the preparation of this book by technical comment and discussion and by giving permission to reproduce material. In particular we would like to thank our present colleagues and students at Imperial College and at ERC Energy Resource Consultants Ltd. for their stimulating company, Jill and Janel for typing seemingly endless manuscripts; Dan Smith at Graham and Trotman Ltd. for his perseverence and optimism; and Lesley and Joan for believing that one day things would return to normality. John S. Archer and Colin G. Wall 1986 ix Foreword Petroleum engineering has developed as an area of study only over the present century. It now provides the technical basis for the exploitation of petroleum fluids in subsurface sedimentary rock reservoirs.

Case Studies of Material Corrosion Prevention for Oil and Gas Valves delivers a critical reference for engineers and corrosion researchers. Packed with nearly 30 real-world case studies, this reference gives engineers standardized knowledge on how to maintain, select and prevent typical corrosion problems in a variety of oil and gas settings. Subsea, offshore, refineries and processing plants are all included, covering a variety of challenges such as chloride stress cracking, how to use Teflon powder to prevent cross contamination, and carbon dioxide corrosion. Organized for quick discovery, this book gives engineers a much-needed tool to safely protect their assets and the environment. Engineers working in oil and gas operations understand that corrosion is a costly expense that increases emissions and damages the environment, but many standards do not provide practical examples with solutions, leaving engineers to learn through experience. This resource provides comprehensive information on topics of interest.

Fundamentals of Horizontal Wellbore Cleanout delivers the latest methods regarding effective sand cleanout tools in horizontal wellbores. Providing the most relevant information, including sand bed formation, sand settling velocity, friction and hydraulics, this book covers the most effective tools and emerging technologies. Sections discuss the settling characteristics of sand and the effects of particle shape and size on drag coefficients, along with models for drag coefficients using experimental data. Numerical studies on sand transport efficiency as well as prediction models of sand concentration and an evaluation of friction between pipe and sand bed are also included. Illustrative case studies include cleanout with varying nozzle assemblies leading to optimum design on operation procedures, bottomhole assembly, and other lessons learned from known field experience. Rounding out with future research on cost-saving strategies including CO2 used as a washing fluid in water-sensitive formations, Fundamentals of Horizontal Wellbore Cleanout gives today's petroleum and drilling engineers alternative methods to hole cleaning in today's horizontal wells.

Written by a scientist and researcher with more than 25 years of experience in the field, this serves as a complete guide to catalyst activity loss during the hydroprocessing of heavy oils. * Explores the physical and chemical properties of heavy oils and hydroprocessing catalysts; the mechanisms of catalyst deactivation; catalyst characterization by a variety of techniques and reaction conditions; laboratory and commercial information for model validations; and more * Demonstrates how to develop correlations and models for a variety of reaction scales with step-by-step descriptions and detailed experimental data * Contains important implications for increasing operational efficiencies within the petroleum industry * An essential reference for professionals and researchers working in the refining industry as well as students taking courses on chemical reaction engineering

Flow Analysis for Hydrocarbon Pipeline Engineering gives engineers a tool to help them determine fluid dynamics. The book describes hydrocarbon fluid transport in pipelines by presenting useful applied thermodynamic derivations specialized for pipelines. All transport phenomena is covered, such as heat, momentum and mass transport. Moving past the fundamentals, the reference addresses the complexity of these fluids and dedicates a chapter on multiphase mixtures, including slugging, hydrates, wax and sand. Rounding out with practical case studies, this book delivers a critical reference for engineers and flow assurance experts that will help them correlate basic fluid principles with applied engineering practices.

This book presents the fundamental principles of drilling en gineering, with the primary objective of making a good well using data that can be properly evaluated through geology, reservoir engineering, and management. It is written to assist the geologist, drilling engineer, reservoir engineer, and manager in performing their assignments. The topics are introduced at a level that should give a good basic understanding of the subject and encourage further investigation of specialized interests. Many organizations have separate departments, each per forming certain functions that can be done by several methods. The reentering of old areas, as the industry is doing today, particularly emphasizes the necessity of good holes, logs, casing design, and cement job. Proper planning and coordination can eliminate many mistakes, and I hope the topics discussed in this book will playa small part in the drilling of better wells. This book was developed using notes, comments, and ideas from a course I teach called "Drilling Engineering with Offshore Considerations." Some "rules of thumb" equations are used throughout, which have proven to be helpful when applied in the ix x / Preface proper perspective. The topics are presented in the proper order for carrying through the drilling of a well."

La France, depuis 1973, a fait de grands e./forts pour reduire sa dependance energetique~' tlle en fera plus encore a l'avenir et il n 'est pas hors de portee, dans le long terme, de couvrir la moitie de nos besoins par la production nationale d'energie. Nous ny parviendrons cependant que par de vastes programmes technologiques, des investissements accrus - et il nous faudra encore importer la moitie de notre energie, la quasi totalite du petrole necessaire. L 'economie franfaise, nos entreprises, l'ensemble de leurs personneIs, devront donc plus que jamais " communiquer" avec ceux qui, partout dans le monde, ont les memes ambitions. C'etait devancer l'evenement que de lance" en 1971 un dictionnaire anglais-franfais des termes petroliers,' c'est a nouveau construire l'avenir que de publier cette seconde edition dont le vaste champ, technique, economique, financier, juridique, repond si bien aux besoins de lecteurs qui n 'appartiennent pas a la seule profession petroliere. Qu 'il me soit permis d'en feliciter les auteurs, en soulignant le soin extreme qu 'ils ont mis a donner a chaque terme son exacte equivalence dans notre langue. F. de Wissocq Avant-Propos A l'origine, au cours des annees 50 et 60, Fabio Zubini avait remge un lexique des termes petroliers anglais interessant surtout le raffinage et la chimie du petroie. Le bon accueil reserve a cet ouvrage, en italien d'abord (1969), puis a sa version fran~aise (1971), conduisit finalement a " remettre l'ouvrage sur le metier ".

Introduction 1 1. Conventional & Isochronal Tests 5 1. 1 Derivation of Fundamental Flow Equation 6 1. 2 Conventional Test 10 1. 3 Isochronal Test 13 1. 4 Modified Isochronal Test 17 2. Additional Testing Options 23 2. 1 Pseudopressure (Real Gas Potential) Treatment for Gas Flow 24 2. 2 The Radial Diffusivity Equation for Gas Flow 31 2. 3 Analytical Solution of the Diffusivity Equation 33 2. 4 Flow Regimes 34 2. 5 Skin Factor 36 2. 6 Turbulent Flow Factor 40 2. 7 Drawdown or Falloff Test 41 2. 8 Buildup Test 43 2. 9 Determination of S, S' and 0 from Buildup and Drawdown Tests 47 53 3. Additional Testing Considerations 3. 1 Surface-Pressure Relationships 54 Stabilization Time and Radius of Investigation 62 3. 2 Choice of Flow Rates and Duration of Flow Rates 64 3. 3 3. 4 Well bore Storage Effects 65 3. 5 Production of Liquids 66 3. 6 Single-Point Test 68 3. 7 The Orifice Meter 68 3. 8 Testing Equipment 74 76 3. 9 Measurement, Sampling, and Safety in Testing 81 4. Procedures & Regulations 4. 1 Interstate Oil Compact Commission Procedures 83 4. 2 State of Texas Regulations 99 4. 3 State of Oklahoma Regulations 102 4. 4 State of New Mexico Regulations 109 4. 5 State of Louisiana Regulations 123 4. 6 Province of Alberta Regulations 124 vi Gaswell Testing 5. Field Test & Interpretation 127 6.

Exploration seismology uses seismic imaging to form detailed images of the Earth's interior, enabling the location of likely petroleum targets. Due to the size of seismic datasets, sophisticated numerical algorithms are required. This book provides a technical guide to the essential algorithms and computational aspects of data processing, covering the theory and methods of seismic imaging. The first part introduces an extensive online library of MATLAB (R) seismic data processing codes maintained by the CREWES project at the University of Calgary. Later chapters then focus on digital signal theory and relevant aspects of wave propagation and seismic modelling, followed by deconvolution and seismic migration methods. Presenting a rigorous explanation of how to construct seismic images, it provides readers with practical tools and codes to pursue research projects and analyses. It is ideal for advanced students and researchers in applied geophysics, and for practicing exploration geoscientists in the oil and gas industry.

Unconventional Shale Gas Development: Lessons Learned gives engineers the latest research developments and practical applications in today's operations. Comprised of both academic and corporate contributors, a balanced critical review on technologies utilized are covered. Environmental topics are presented, including produced water management and sustainable operations in gas systems. Machine learning applications, well integrity and economic challenges are also covered to get the engineer up-to-speed. With its critical elements, case studies, history plot visuals and flow charts, the book delivers a critical reference to get today's petroleum engineers updated on the latest research and applications surrounding shale gas systems.

A thorough introduction to environmental monitoring in the oil and gas industry Analytical Techniques in the Oil and Gas Industry for Environmental Monitoring examines the analytical side of the oil and gas industry as it also provides an overall introduction to the industry. You'll discover how oil and natural gas are sourced, refined, and processed. You can learn about what's produced from oil and natural gas, and why evaluating these sourced resources is important. The book discusses the conventional analyses for oil and natural gas feeds, along with their limitations. It offers detailed descriptions of advanced analytical techniques that are commercially available, plus explanations of gas and oil industry equipment and instrumentation. You'll find technique descriptions supplemented with a list of references as well as with real-life application examples. With this book as a reference, you can prepare to apply specific analytical methods in your organization's lab environment. Analytical Techniques can also serve as your comprehensive resource on key techniques in the characterization of oil and gas samples, within both refinery and environmental contexts. Understand of the scope of oil and gas industry techniques available Consider the benefits and limitations of each available process Prepare for applying analytical techniques in your lab See real examples and a list of references for each technique Read descriptions of off-line analytics, as well as on-line and process applications As a chemist, engineer, instructor, or student, this book will also expand your awareness of the role these techniques have in environmental monitoring and environmental impact assessments.

Oil spills are a serious marine disaster. Oil spill accidents usually occur in shipping, ports and offshore oil development. Although most are emergent events, once an oil spill occurs, it will cause great harm to the marine ecological environment, and bring direct harm to the economic development along the affected coast as well as to human health and public safety. Information Engineering of Emergency Treatment for Marine Oil Spill Accidents analyzes the causes of these accidents, introduces China's emergency response system, discusses technologies such as remote sensing and monitoring of oil spill on the sea surface and oil fingerprint identification, studies model prediction of marine oil spill behavior and fate and emergency treatment technologies for oil spills on the sea surface, and emphatically introduces the emergency prediction and warning system for oil spills in the Bohai Sea as well as oil spill-sensitive resources and emergency resource management systems. Features: The status quo and causes of marine oil spill pollution, as well as hazards of oil spill on the sea. The emergency response system for marine oil spills. Model-based prediction methods of marine oil spills. A series of used and developing emergency treatments of oil spill on the sea. This book serves as a reference for scientific investigators who want to understand the key technologies for emergency response to marine oil spill accidents, including the current level and future development trend of China in this field.

Radiation-thermal cracking of oil feedstock has the potential to offer a solution to many of the challenges the oil industry is facing. Radiation-induced chain cracking reactions in hydrocarbons at lowered temperatures initiated the development of improved technological approaches, combining the advantages of radiation-thermal cracking and low-temperature feedstock processing. However, researchers still face obstacles in the practical application of theory and experimental data, and the literature presents contradictions that need to be sorted out for further development of this technology. Petroleum Radiation Processing fills an information gap, providing systematic descriptions of the fundamentals of radiation-induced cracking reactions in hydrocarbons. It analyzes the basic experiments that have brought about the rapid development of radiation technology for petroleum radiation processing during the last decades. The book provides a detailed introduction to radiation methods based on radiation-thermal and low-temperature cracking of hydrocarbons, emphasizing high-viscous oil feedstocks that are difficult to process by conventional methods-such as heavy and high-paraffinic crude oil, fuel oil, and bitumen. It helps readers understand the mechanisms and kinetics of low-temperature radiation cracking. The book addresses the application of promising radiation methods for solving critical environmental issues, such as oil desulfurization and regeneration of used lubricants and other used oil products. Examining experimental data as well as theoretical and technical approaches, it summarizes research progress in the field of petroleum radiation processing, providing a useful reference on the theory and technology of hydrocarbon radiation processing for chemical technologists, researchers, and students.