This book explores, and problematizes, what it means to be 'critical' in education research. Drawing together chapters from diverse global perspectives, this volume aims to stimulate dialogue about possible meanings of criticality in education research. In doing so, they question why criticality has become such an essential part of education, and what researchers expect of it. The book opens up and contests some of the deficiencies of criticality in education research: ultimately it is not a global term, but often creates a false binary between East and West. Offering an alternative trajectory to educational narratives surrounding criticality, this book will be of interest and value to scholars of critical pedagogy and comparative education.

This book explores how antiracism theories can be translated into practice within formal education, as well as in other educational programs outside schools, as very often racism occurs outside the school environment. Combating racism both in and out of school therefore increases the chances of overcoming issues of racism. As racism continues to plague the world, efforts to combat it deserve more attention and diversification across all walks of life. In education, such efforts benefit from being modeled within the framework of antiracism education, rather than simpler multicultural and intercultural theorization and understanding which have proved popular. As such, this book critiques integration and multicultural programs, and instead highlights the advantages of grounding such programs within an antiracist framework. This book demonstrates why and how antiracism education is key to challenging issues of racial injustice at a time when multiculturalism and interculturalism have being proclaimed "dead". It will be highly relevant to researchers and students working in the areas of Education and Sociology, particularly those with an interest in antiracism methodologies.

This book critically identifies and evaluates neoliberal policy and its impacts on schooling/ education in the Rich World. Chapters ask 'What Neoliberal Changes have taken place (e.g. privatisation, vouchers, marketisation, commercialization, school fees, new brutalist public managerialism, and the the assault on the comprehensive / common school principle and on democratic control of schools) and identify neoliberal Drivers' or Levers - national / transnational corporations, think tanks, pressure groups, state power, ideologies/ discourses. The contributors examine the impacts on equality, equal opportunities and access (social class; race'/ ethnic/ linguistic groups; gender, rural/urban differentiation); democracy/ critical thinking; and the pay and conditions of education workers in England and Wales, USA, Australia, Canada, Finland, Portugal, Greece, Singapore and Japan.

The debate about languages of instruction in Africa and Asia involves an analysis of both the historical thrust of national government and also development aid policies. Using case studies from Tanzania, Nigeria, South Africa, Rwanda, India, Bangladesh and Malaysia, Zehlia Babaci-Wilhite argues that the colonial legacy is perpetuated when global languages are promoted in education. The use of local languages in instruction not only offers an effective means to contextualize the curriculum and improve student comprehension, but also to achieve quality education and rights in education.

This book maintains that there has not been sufficient dialogue and cross-fertilization between various forms of critical approaches to education, notably multicultural/anti-racist education, feminist pedagogy, and critical pedagogy. Contributors from Canada and the United States address educational issues relevant to aboriginal peoples, people of color, and people of religious minorities in light of feminist and critical pedagogical theory. They are sensitive and responsive to the power relations operative in a setting, and address the multiple and contradictory subjectivities of teachers and learners on the basis of race, gender, class, religion, ethnicity, age, and ability.

""While no check-list of attitudes, dispositions, behaviors, or actions can define what thriving teachers look like, the teachers interviewed here give us powerful examples of what it takes to face their profession with courage, their content with enthusiasm, and their students with love." "-Sonia Nieto

One in four public school students in the U.S. now speaks a language other than English at home, and the number of emergent bilingual and immigrant children in our schools continues to grow daily. What does it mean to be a teacher today, when students are more diverse in language, culture, race, and social class than ever before? What does it take to thrive, when the demands of teaching have never been greater? Sonia Nieto found and interviewed 22 teachers of varying backgrounds and school settings who help answer the question of what effective, culturally responsive teaching looks like in the real world. Their stories of success, failure, frustration and hope will resonate with everyone who has struggled to meet the needs of diverse students in our current sociopolitical context.

Nieto explores the common themes that arose throughout the interviews, of teaching with a social justice perspective, the moral dimensions of teaching, advocating for students, and challenging the status quo. She raises a persuasive argument that teaching is an ethical endeavor, that we must honor students' identities and believe in their futures, and that ultimately teaching is an act of love. The stories of Nieto's passionate teachers will inspire and motivate you to find joy in teaching students of diverse backgrounds. Read a sample chapter

With their hallmark humour, Beers and Probst present a vision of what reading and what education across all the year groups could be. In particular, they share new strategies and ideas for helping classroom teachers create engagement and relevance, encourage responsive and responsible reading, deepen comprehension and develop lifelong reading habits. "An essential book for teachers looking to engage children deeply in the books they read. Beers and Probst show how to engage children in reading at a textual, intellectual and emotional level so they...respond to them personally and collectively and ultimately come to see their reading as a tool for shaping the world around them." Rachel Clarke, Independent Reading Consultant

This benchmark 6-volume set documents, analyzes, and critiques a comprehensive body of research on the history of multicultural education in the U.S. By collecting and providing a framework for key publications spanning the past thirty-forty years, these volumes provide a means of understanding and visualizing the development, implementation, and interpretation of multicultural education in American society. These volumes do not promote any one scholar's or group's vision of multicultural education, but include conflicting ideals that inform multiple interpretations.Each volume contains archival documents organized around a specific theme: Volume 1 - Conceptual Frameworks and Curricular Content; Volume2 - Foundations and Stratifications; Volume 3 - Instruction and Assessment; Volume 4 - Policy and Governance; Volume 5 - Students and Student Learning; and, Volume 6: Teachers and Teacher Education.The historical time line within each volume illustrates the progression of research and theory on each theme and encourages readers to reflect on the changes in language and thinking concerning educational scholarship in that area. Readers will also see how language, pedagogical issues, and policy reforms have been constructed, assimilated, and mutated over the highlighted period of time. Exploring the tenets of the field and examining the individuals whose work has contributed significantly to equity and social justice for all citizens, this landmark set illuminates the historical importance, current relevance, and future implications of multicultural education.

This benchmark 6-volume set documents, analyzes, and critiques a comprehensive body of research on the history of multicultural education in the U.S. By collecting and providing a framework for key publications spanning the past 30-40 years, these volumes provide a means of understanding and visualizing the development, implementation, and interpretation of multicultural education in American society. These volumes do not promote any one scholar's or group's vision of multicultural education, but include conflicting ideals that inform multiple interpretations. Each volume contains archival documents organized around a specific theme: Volume 1 Conceptual Frameworks and Curricular Content Volume II Foundations and Stratifications Volume III Instruction and Assessment Volume VI Policy and Governance Volume V Students and Student Learning Volume VI Teachers and Teacher Education The historical time line within each volume illustrates the progression of research and theory on each theme and encourages readers to reflect on the changes in language and thinking concerning educational scholarship in that area. Readers will also see how language, pedagogical issues, and policy reforms have been constructed, assimilated, and mutated over the highlighted period of time. Exploring the tenets of the field and examining the individuals whose work has contributed significantly to equity and social justice for all citizens, this landmark set illuminates the historical importance, current relevance, and future implications of multicultural education.

The first generation of the proper academic study of religion might be said to span the half century from 1963 to 2013. Supreme Court Justice Clark's 1963 opinion clarifying that any liberal "education is not complete without a study of comparative religion or the history of religion and its relationship to the advancement of civilization" allowed the legal teaching of religion in secular universities. The end of the first generation might be marked by the 2013 retirement of Professor Jonathan Z. Smith (1938-2017) from the University of Chicago where he had taught since 1968. Arguably no scholar has made a greater contribution than did Smith to establishing a proper academic study of religion. In The Proper Study of Religion, Sam Gill charts an innovative course of development for the academic study of religion by creatively engaging the legacy of Jonathan Z. Smith, Gill's teacher and mentor for fifty years. Their careers coincided with the explosive expansion of the study of religion in secular universities in the US that began in the mid-1960s. Using an engaging narrative style, Gill builds on Smith's work exploring an extensive range of absorbing and foundational topics including: comparison as essential to academic technique and to human knowledge itself; the important role of experience, richly understood, both to academic studies of religion and to religions as lived; play, philosophically understood, as a core dynamic of Smith's entire program; the relationship of academic document-based studies to the sensory-rich real world of religions; and self-moving as providing a biological and philosophical foundation on which to develop and expand upon a proper academic study of religion. The foregrounding of human self-movement, new to the study of religion, is informed by Gill's experience as a dancer and student of dancing in cultures around the world. This book honors the work of an unforgettable giant of a man while also offering critical assessments and innovative ideas in the effort to advance the remarkable legacy of Jonathan Z. Smith.

With the release of the final volume of his trilogy, Peter Jarvis completes his comprehensive, multi-disciplinary study of lifelong learning and the learning society. Between them, these three volumes analyse every aspect of learning, from the fundamental psychology of the human drive to learn, to the global sociological apparatus in which learning takes place. In Volume 1, Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Human Learning, Jarvis demonstrates how learning underpins humanity. By assessing theories of learning across all ages, he constructs a new model for analysing how people learn. Volume 2, Globalization, Lifelong Learning and the Learning Society, considers the effects on the learning society of sociological structures, politics and economics, alongside the moral and ethical basis of such a society. In the brand new Volume 3, Democracy, Lifelong Learning and the Learning Society, the arguments of the first two volumes are brought together and furthered, asking what kind of society is possible as a result of learning? The book concludes that since human beings continue to learn, so the learning society must be a process within the incomplete project of humanity. All three books in the trilogy will be essential reading for students in education, HRD and teaching and learning generally, in addition to academics and informed practitioners. Peter Jarvis is an internationally renowned expert in the fields of lifelong learning, adult and continuing education and is founding editor of The International Journal of Lifelong Education - published by Taylor and Francis. He is Professor of Continuing Education at the University of Surrey, UK, honorary Visiting Professor at City University and Professor (honoris causa) at the University of Pecs in Hungary.

This book examines the textual, social, cultural, practical and institutional environments to which the expression "teaching and learning contexts" refers. It reflects on the extent to which studying such environments helps us to better understand ancient or modern sources, and how notions of "teaching" and "learning" are to be understood.
Tackling two problems: the first, is that of certain sources of scientific knowledge being studied without taking into account the various "contexts" of transmission that gave this knowledge a long-lasting meaning.

The second is that other sources are related to teaching and learning activities, but without being too precise and demonstrative about the existence and nature of this "teaching context." In other words, this book makes clear what is meant by "context" and highlights the complexity of the practice hidden by the words "teaching" and "learning." Divided into three parts, the book makes accessible teaching and learning situations, presents comparatist approaches, and emphasizes the notion of teaching as projects embedded in coherent treatises or productions.

This provocative and challenging book questions how people think about what universities should seek to do and how they should respond to the grave problems of our age. It addresses issues such as: What is wisdom? Ought universities to seek, promote and teach wisdom and what would this involve? Does it mean we need a revolution in the aims and methods of academic inquiry? What implications would the pursuit of wisdom have for science, for social inquiry and the humanities, for education? Is it reasonable to ask of universities that they take up the task of helping humanity learn how to create a wiser world? Is there a religious dimension to wisdom? What can non-academics do to encourage universities to take wisdom seriously? Would the pursuit of wisdom be possible given that universities are increasingly subjected to commercial pressures? With contributions from leading experts in various fields Wisdom in the University is essential reading for all those interested in the future of universities and philosophy of education. This book was previously published as a special issue of London Review of Education

effectiveness and creativity in different contexts. In this issue this will be presented in full detail in the articles which refer to different aspects of the Israeli educational context. This special issue of Studies in Philosophy and Education concentrates on the intellectual impotence, moral devotion, cultural willingness and social and techno logical efforts for the preservation and enhancement of the tyranny of normalizing education over human beings in a specific arena. The various studies in this issue, with all their differences of orientation and issues under consideration, will recon struct the ways for forcing subjects and communities to commit themselves to destroy the otherness - or the human potential - of the inner and external Other. They reveal this phenomenon as a characteristic of both the victimizers and their 8 victims. Normally philosophy of education supports this process and justifies or hides this reality. As will be shown in this special issue, however, at the same time philosophy of education might also become a non-productive or even a rebellious element in the culture industry and present a serious challenge to the present order. It can address and challenge the perpetual success of normalizing education, in all its versions, among all rival communities, narratives and armies of teachers, consumers, soldiers, and intellectuals. This, of course, does not guarantee that such a critique or resistance will not become another dogmatic or nihilistic blow to the free Spirit, or nothing but another version of normalizing education."

This book is a reflection on the complexity of educational change in China through the lens of a senior academic who has occupied many diverse roles in the academe, from political worker to dean of faculty. It narrates his journey through different layers of historical, societal, and institutional transformation while trying to make sense of his own life and work. In this book, the professor is situated at the intersection of history, culture, and society where the search for personal identity becomes a lifelong project. Landmarks in his intellectual journey are used to elucidate the effects of early influences, significant others, challenges and opportunities, human agency, and professional capital. His story illustrates the vicissitudes of a long career that combines scholarship and administration, and offers lessons for survival, advancement, and leadership in the fluid environment of Chinese higher education institutions.

Creativity and Making in Early Childhood brings together practice and research insights on creativity, to offer new perspectives on what creativity is, how it manifests in early childhood education and what can be done to support it. Each chapter includes practitioners' own experiences and looks within these observations and reflections to highlight key questions and challenges. Insights and perspectives are drawn from research in order to engage deeply with these challenges and to develop future practice in early childhood education. Particular focus is on creativity as physical 'making' processes. Topics covered include: - children's developing identities - sharing and social interactions - how time, choice and physical environments influence young children's creativity - instructions, resourcing and expectations of creativity in the early childhood setting Practical learning features guiding students through the book include: research spotlight sections introducing readers to key pieces of research, questions to aid reflection on experiences in relation to relevant theory, summaries and tasks for the reader designed to deepen thinking. This text is an excellent resource for undergraduate students in early childhood and education, as well as postgraduate students and practitioners who have returned to study.

The many public debates launched by governments on education, such as Tony Blair's emphasis on "education, education, education" have nonetheless failed to consider the place of the good society in educational endeavor. The traditional account of education is that it not only teaches pupils the skills to earn a living, but also teaches a concern for the welfare of others, a love of the many cultures of learning and a commitment to the best values of society. "Education and the Good Society" seeks to examine these considerations and to restore them to the center of the educational debate.

This first book-length collection on Levinas and education gathers new texts written especially for this volume by an international group of scholars well known for their work in philosophy, educational theory, and on Levinas. It provides an introduction to some of Levinas's major themes of ethics, justice, hope, hospitality, forgiveness and more, as its contributing authors address some fundamental educational issues such as: what it means to be a teacher; what it means to learn from a teacher; the role of language in the curriculum; literature, ethics, and education; moral education and human relations in schools; ethics of responsibility and philosophical-pedagogical discourse; educational hospitality and interculturalism; unconditional responsibility and education; educating for participatory democratic citizenship; the pedagogy of peace; logic, rationality, and ethics; connecting teaching to spirituality. Levinas always insisted that his aim was not to provide "a program," and accordingly, it is not the intent of the authors to look in Levinas's texts for a set of guidelines, rules, or precepts to be applied to education. Rather, this study invites educators, and researchers in philosophy and philosophy of education, to a thoughtful and critical reading of Levinas, and to engage with his unique style of analysis and questioning as they uncover with these authors the necessity and the possibility of thinking education anew in terms of ethics, justice, responsibility, hope and faith.

With real stories from real schools, this book offers an alternative vision of school improvement. Instead of a one-size-fits-all approach, author Nelson Beaudoin presents practical strategies which put students first. The real-life examples in A School For Each Student place students at the center of the equation and treat them as individuals who are born to learn. Written as a resource for professional development, this book study tool provides a refreshing look at the possibilities of student and educators.

Also featured are the 12 R's, which include being Reflective, Rigorous, Respectful, Responsive, Resilient, and more.

This new edition of Unequal By Design: High-Stakes Testing and the Standardization of Inequality critically examines the deep and enduring problems within systems of education in the U.S., in order to illuminate what is really at stake for students, teachers, and communities negatively affected by such testing. Updates to the new edition include new chapters that focus on: the role of schools and standardized testing in reproducing social, cultural, and economic inequalities; the way high-stakes testing is used to advance neoliberal, market-based educational schemes that ultimately concentrate wealth and power among elites; how standardized testing became the dominant tool within our educational systems; the numerous technical and ideological problems with using standardized tests to evaluate students, teachers, and schools; the role that high-stakes testing plays in the maintenance of white supremacy; and how school communities have resisted high-stakes testing and used better assessments of student learning. Parents, teachers, university students, and scholars will find Unequal By Design useful for gaining a broad, critical understanding of the issues surrounding our over-reliance on high-stakes, standardized testing in the U.S. through up-to-date research on testing, historical and contemporary examples of the struggles over such tests, and information about how testing has fostered the privatization of public education in the U.S.

This book makes the case for a revival in interest in the viva. As an oral assessment of a treatise or dissertation or of a student's performance in art or dance the viva has a long history dating back to the time of the Greeks. It can be found today in the form of professional, vocational and academic vivas, where a judgment of oral performance is required to gain entry into a profession or community of scholars. In a time when there are scandals about students selling essays to other students, the viva provides a fertile ground for probing the student to see whether they are in fact the authors of the work being assessed and know its content and how to think cognitively or otherwise. Given that we actually know so little about the viva, the book theorises the viva based on a unique sample of vivas that have been filmed or in which the author himself has been participant, and discusses why its format is so different in Anglo-Saxon languages and Latin and other languages. The book offers educational policy-makers and examiners a trade-off between arguments in support of the viva and the demand for other, ever more cost-effective forms of assessment as the numbers of both undergraduate and postgraduate students threaten to increase. It also argues that with demand in the labour market for qualified graduates who are better equipped with transferable skills, such as the ability to communicate complex ideas verbally in a competent, well-argued fashion and not merely through the use of rhetoric, what appear to be cost-effective forms of assessment in the short run (e.g. written exams with standardised questions or multiple choice) may actually in the long run be of less value if we are investing in a future workforce with so-called 21st century communication skills. If the viva were abandoned, the student would be robbed of the opportunity to stage a defence.

Why should inquiry--the engine for independent, curiosity- and interest-driven, life-long learning--be a curricular imperative, and its presence a criterion for excellent education? Is it possible to teach inquiry skills systematically and to engage learners in being inquirers across elementary, secondary, and post-secondary schooling?
To answer these urgent questions, this book
*pulls together more than four decades of expert opinion, quantitative research, and qualitative research on inquiry in different disciplines, school subjects, and levels of education; and
*presents a dozen different pedagogical, philosophical, and disciplinary traditions within which evidence and rationale are found for building learning and teaching experiences around inquiry-based curricula.
"Inquiry in Education, Volume I: The Conceptual Foundations for Research as a Curricular Imperative" is the first book to gather all these sources together, to build a cross-disciplinary case for inquiry as the central core of sound curriculum design, and to offer an organized interpretation of this large body of knowledge from a variety of perspectives and for different educational purposes. A companion volume, Shore, Aulls, & Delcourt, Eds., "Inquiry in Education, Volume II: Overcoming Barriers to Successful Implementation," focuses on a corollary question: If inquiry is such a good thing, why is it not universal practice? What barriers stand in the way, and how can teachers overcome them?
"Inquiry in Education, Volume I" is intended for scholars, faculty, and students of education, and for practitioners at all levels of schooling who support inquiry-oriented reforms in education and who want tolearn more about how to use inquiry in their own practice.