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Books > Social sciences > Education > Philosophy of education
The American ideal has exercised a powerful influence over English educational policy over the last two centuries, even as it has itself changed. Today the very size of America enables it to rehearse problems we shall meet tomorrow. This volume answers key questions for education, as relevant now as they were when it was originally published: Is there an optimal size and a maximal use of a school? Are there adequately sophisticated batteries of attainment tests? Or valid methods of vocational guidance?
In this volume the author discusses the influence of France from the Norman invasion to the late 1960s. French thought and ideas are examined and more tangible evidence is also given of the widespread and often unnoticed influence that France has exerted on English education.
This book provides a comprehensive survey of the successes and failures of education and training in the Khrushchev and Breshnev years. The author gives an objective assessment of the accessibility of the main types of institution, of the contents of courses and of Soviet attempts to marry the functioning of their education system to their perceived economic and social needs. In addition the book has many useful and original features: For ease of analysis it summarises in diagram form complex statistics which are not usually brought together for so long a time period. It provides a systematic account of educational legislation; Matthews' comparison of series of official decrees will allow subtle shifts in government policy to be accurately charted. Particular attention is also paid to a number of issues that are often neglected: the employment problems of school and college graduates; the role and professional status of teachers; political control and militarisation in schools; the close detail of higher education curricula; and the rate of student failure. Of special value is the chapter on those educational institutions which are often omitted from Western studies and which are hardly recognised as such in most official Soviet sources.
This book deals with curriculum issues and problems, and one of its aims is to help practising teachers to clarify their own theory and practice in relation to the curriculum. The contributors look at three popular theories or sets of assumptions held by teachers: the child-centred view of education; the subject-centred or knowledge-centred view; and the society-centred view. Each of these views is incomplete on its own, but each has something to contribute in planning a curriculum as a whole, and the authors emphasize that a comprehensive theory of curriculum planning would take into account the individual nature of the pupil and also recognize the social value of education. This kind of comprehensive curriculum planning has been described as the situation-centred curriculum, based on the idea that schools should be concerned with preparing the young for the world as it will be when they leave school. One of the purposes of education is to develop a child's autonomy; he or she must learn to cope with the variety of situations which will face him or her in society. Thus many different approaches must be employed in establishing a basis for the complex task of curriculum planning. The book draws on the disciplines of philosophy, psychology, history and sociology to suggest new approaches to curriculum objectives and evaluation. It considers the theoretical bases of curriculum models, practical issues of planning, evaluation and pedagogy and discusses some urgent contemporary questions about the politics and control of the curriculum.
Teachers are, and always have been seen as agents of respectability in our society, but today this role is far less easily defined than it once was. Now, for most teachers, the whats and hows of moral behaviour, guidance and instruction have become debatable issues. In this book the author gives us a readable and original sociological consideration of the teaching oughts' and ought-nots' which, by providing a valuable analytic framework within which to view moral education, should help the thinking of those who are concerned with some of the most intractable problems of contemporary education.
Beginning with descriptions of the ways in which children make sense of their experience and the world, such as fantasy, stories and games, Egan constructs his argument that constituting this foundational layer are sets of cultural sense-making capacities, reflected in oral cultures throughout the world. Egan sees education as the acquisition of these sets of sense-making capacities, available in our culture, and his goal is to conceptualize primary education in a way that over comes the dichotomy between progressivisim and traditionalism, attending both the needs of the individual child and the accumulation of knowledge.
This book does not cover the whole field of Infants' Teaching but is concerned mainly with general principles and matters which are open to the non-specialist. Some technical subjects such as Physical Education have been omitted but nonetheless the volume provides a thorough (if somewhat dated) introduction to early years education in the first half of the twentieth century.
Published long before the importance of early childhood education was formally recognised in the educational landscape this book explores the significance of play for young children. The volume includes an appendix on Montessori education.
This volume was originally prepared for the World Conference on Church, Community and State held in Oxford in 1937. Its aim was to understand the nature of the vital conflict between the Christian faith and the secular tendencies of the early twentieth century, particularly in relation to education. The book also analyses the responsibilities of the Church in this struggle.
Within a single educational system that of England and Wales the nature of schooling available to a child can be dramatically different. Even between residential areas the differences in educational climate can be striking. Apart from differences in the organization of schools and the availability of buildings, teachers and resources, there are also significant ideological variations between local education authorities. This book considers the evidence of such differences, some of the environmental factors (political, social and economic) that may account for their distribution, and the consequences that appear to spring from them.
Starratt 's highly original book offers fresh insights into the nature of teaching, learning, schooling as a multi-cultural, social enterprise, and the importance of vision for that leadership by using the analogy of drama. Schooling is a preparation to participate in the social drama, both as an individual and as a community. Beyond participation, schooling can enable youngsters to maintain and restore the human purposes of the social drama. This unique book accommodates present critics of schools from both the left and the right, but goes beyond them to offer a script for restoring the schools to their human and social purposes.
This volume concentrates on the processes and practices of formal education, which shaped, and were shaped by, imperial values, attitudes and behaviour. It is concerned with:
The book features chapters by educationalists, historians and sociologists on education as a cornerstone in the construction of imperial control.
This book begins with an analysis of the gradual extension of educational opportunities for women since the nineteenth century, with special attention given to the period since 1944. There is careful exploration of the interaction between the family and the school, and an examination of their role as institutions which help to maintain the existing class relations, sexual division of labour and ideology of a capitalist society. Rosemary Deem also looks at how these institutions differentiate the socialization, culture and education of girls from that of boys, and considers the implications of the Sex Discrimination Act and the Equal Opportunities Commission for education.
Schools reflect the society which surrounds them but they must also be agents of change. When first published, this book argued that, for a variety of reasons, schools and other educational institutions enforce a set of gender roles more rigid than those current in wider society, leading to a repetitive pattern of under-achievement, particularly amongst working class girls. The last decade has seen an explosion of research on gender and education and, in this updated edition, Sara Delamont examines new research findings and strategies for change, continuing to argue that both sexes lose out from sexist schooling.
Do girls do better in single-sex or co-educational schools? Up to now, discussion has centred on girls academic achievements in single or mixed-sex groups, but Pat Mahony 's research clearly demonstrates that this is not the only issue, and that co-education is damaging for girls socially as well as academically. She challenges the argument that co-education is desirable because it is more normal. Her research reveals that it is normal for girls to be put down in class, to be verbally abused and sexually harassed by boys, and yes, this will be their normal experience as women. But does this justify the way girls are treated in schools? Pat Mahony goes on to explore some of the reasons behind this state of affairs and suggests that the answer lies in sexual politics, not biology. The book concludes with practical suggestions for bringing about change in schools, including case-studies from existing projects.
Taking into account the rapid progress in all areas of life that was made at the turn of the 20th century this volume discusses how best to educate both sexes, from all social classes, referring to Greek, Roman and Egyptian education as a starting point.
Drawing on hitherto-unused sources this book represents a shift in the historiography of British education. At the centre of the investigation is Joseph Payne. He was one of the group of pioneers who founded the College of Preceptors in 1846 and in 1873 he was appointed to the first professorship of education in Britain, established by the College of Preceptors. By that date Payne had acquired a considerable reputation. He was a classroom practitioner of rare skill, the founder of two of the most successful Victorian private schools, the author of best-selling text-books, a scholar of note despite his lack of formal education, and a leading member of the College of Preceptors and such bodies as the Scholastic Registration Association, the Girls Public Day School Trust, the Women 's Education Union and the Social Science Association.
This book examines key theorists in depth in order to give some insight into cultural change as reflected in their curricular recommendations and in the interplay they reveal between the two fundamental educational concepts of artifice and nature . The essays on the various theorists Erasmus, Vives, Castiglione, Elyot, Montaigne, Bacon, Comenius, Locke and Rousseau can be read separately but the book also forms an integrated whole, with a continuity of themes explored from theorist to theorist. The book not only charts a historical development but also reveals much that may deepen our understanding of contemporary educational dilemmas.
This volume completes G H Bantock 's comprehensive study of educational thought, and its relationship to the broad development of European culture, from the time of the Renaissance to the present day. During the period under consideration, the new freedom from dogma and hierarchy allowed for the emergence of a large number of models of education intended to accommodate the autonomous personality and at the same time to meet the demand for educational expansion. The need to educate the masses was increasingly recognized, and the dilemma posed by mass civilisation and minority culture became acute as liberal autonomy was increasingly threatened by new egalitarian and collectivist notions. The author considers the work of key theorists from the period, including such writers as Coleridge, Nietzsche and Tolstoy, all relatively neglected as educationists.
This volume contains both text and contemporary document which together look at the history of education from the French Revolution to the late twentieth century. The connection between text and documents is closely preserved so that the volume both explains and illustrates the important issues and problems and at the same time poses questions for students to consider or follow up.
The articles which make up this book, originally published in the journal The Schoolmaster were originally published at the time of The Education Act 1944 which changed the education system for secondary schools in England and Wales. This Act made secondary education free for all pupils and introduced the tripartite system of education, of which secondary modern schools were one part. This volume examines issues of low self-esteem among pupils at secondary modern schools, academic versus practical curricula, assessment and challenges for teachers issues which are still pertinent today.
This book examines what progress the Secondary Modern Schools had made in the mid 1950s, based on first hand observation and conversations with teachers, parents, school governors and education officers. As well as looking at their achievements, the author highlights the challenges that the Secondary Modern Schools had to deal with during the years surveyed.
British secondary education has changed in major ways since 1945. This book examines some consequences and implications of both change and stability, drawing on a unique series of national surveys of school leavers in Scotland. The authors provide an empirical and theoretical account of central problems of contemporary schooling. Their analysis covers: certification, curriculum and selection; the effects of educational expansion; trends in educational inequality; the impact of comprehensive reorganisation; truancy and alienation from schooling; the explanation of differences in performance between schools and the implications for the public accountability of schools. From these analyses the authors develop a critique of the theory of the education system that underpinned expansion. They examine this theory 's logical and empirical status as myth and elaborate how the political system and social science might jointly overcome some of the methodological difficulties that beset social and educational research.
This was the first book which globally surveyed the impact of the Second World War on schooling. It offers fascinating comparisons of the impact of total war, both in terms of physical disruption and its effects on the ideology of schooling. By analysing the effects on the education systems of each of the participant nations the contributors throw new light on the responses made in different parts of the globe to the challenge of world-wide conflict.
This book provides an overview of the relationship between the sweeping social changes of the post-war period and education in England. It outlines the major demographic cultural and socio-economic developments which made new demands of the education service during the twenty years following the War and analyses the responses made by schools, colleges and universities. The book provides not only an informed narrative of the development of formal education, but also an authoritative account of the ways in which suburbanisation and the growth of the new property-owning middle class determined both the rhetoric of education and the structure of the system which emerged through the implementation of the 1944 Education Act. |
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