Ion channels play a vital role in basic physiological functions such as generation of electrical activity in nerves and muscle, control of cardiac excitability, intracellular signaling, hormone secretion, cell proliferation and many other biological processes. Because of their prevalence and the critical role they play in virtually all tissue types and organs, ion channels are also involved in a number of pathophysiological conditions. The aim of this volume is to review recent advances in the field of ion channel related diseases. Following an overview chapter summarizing the current state of ion channel screening technologies, five topics covering areas such as cancer, cardiac arrhythmias, cystic fibrosis, and pain have been selected, and the current state of knowledge is presented by leading experts in their field. Each chapter is structured to cover the biological rationale for the target, the current status in the development of agents to treat the disease, and future prospects and challenges facing each therapeutic area. The reader will receive a critical overview covering the progress made in the rapidly developing and complex field of ion channels and diseases.

Swallowing difficulty or dysphagia is a common disorder and affects all age groups from the newborn to the elderly. Several medical conditions like lack of dentition, gastroesophageal reflux disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, cardiomegaly and strokes can cause dysphagia. It can also follow head -neck surgeries. It is important to diagnose and treat dysphagia, otherwise it can lead to malnutrition and dehydration. Improved understanding of the physiology of swallowing, advances in endoscopic and radiological techniques along with an increasing elderly population has resulted in development of a separate swallowing disorders discipline. This book would be an aid for clinicians, educators and trainees from the fields of speech language pathology, pediatrics, otolaryngology, gastroenterology, oncology, neurology, geriatrics and rehabilitation, all of who form a part of the multidisciplinary swallowing team.

• How can we predict the trajectory of a baseball from bat to outfield?
• How do the dimples in a golf ball influence its flight from tee to pin?
• What forces determine the path of a soccer ball steered over a defensive wall by an elite player?

An understanding of the physical processes involved in throwing, hitting, firing and releasing sporting projectiles is essential for a full understanding of the science that underpins sport. This is the first book to comprehensively examine those processes and to explain the factors governing the trajectories of sporting projectiles once they are set in motion.

From a serve in tennis to the flight of a ?human projectile? over a high jump bar, this book explains the universal physical and mathematical principles governing movement in sport, and then shows how those principles are applied in specific sporting contexts. Divided into two sections, addressing theory and application respectively, the book explores key concepts such as:

• friction, spin, drag, impact and bounce
• computer and mathematical modelling
• variable sensitivity
• the design of sports equipment
• materials science.

Richly illustrated throughout, and containing a wealth of research data as well as worked equations and examples, this book is essential reading for all serious students of sports biomechanics, sports engineering, sports technology, sports equipment design and sports performance analysis.

The popularity of distance running as a sport, and a recreational activity, is at an all-time high. Motivated by the desire to achieve a personal best, remain healthy, or simply complete an event, distance runners of all ages and abilities actively seek out advice from experienced coaches and sport scientists. This is also reflected in the growth of programmes of education for young coaches and aspiring sport scientists in recent years. There are a multitude of different approaches to training distance runners; however, the basic principles and ingredients required for success are applicable to any distance runner. The science that underpins the training and physical preparation of distance runners has developed considerably in recent years. The most experienced and successful coaches in the distance running community rarely have the opportunity to share their tried and tested methods of training. Similarly, the novel work of sport scientists is often only accessible to elite runners, their support teams and academia. The Science and Practice of Middle and Long Distance Running links together the science and coaching artistry associated with preparing distance runners for events ranging from 800 m up to ultra-marathon distances. It combines the latest scientific evidence, published by world-leading sport scientists, with the sound training principles and strategies adopted by experienced coaches. The book translates cutting-edge scientific research from the fields of physiology, biomechanics, psychology and nutrition into practical suggestions for achieving success. Important topical issues and contemporary practices related to health and performance are also addressed. This book is an essential addition to the library of any distance runner, coach or sport scientist.

Gallstone and other diseases of the biliary tract affect more than around 20% of the adult population. The complications of gallstones, acute pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice, can be lethal. This is the first book to systematically treat biliary tract and gallbladder modelling with physiological and clinical information in a biomechanical context. The book provides readers with detailed biomechanical modelling procedures for the biliary tract and gallbladder based on physiological information, clinical observations and experimental data and with the results properly interpreted in terms of clinical diagnosis and with biomechanical mechanisms for biliary diseases. The text can be used as a reference book for university undergraduates, postgraduates and professional researchers in applied mathematics, biomechanics, biomechanical engineering and biomedical engineering, as well as related surgeons.

Lippincott (R) Connect Featured Title Purchase of the new print edition of this Lippincott (R) Connect title includes access to the digital version of the book, plus related materials such as videos and multiple-choice Q&A and self-assessments. ACSM's Resources for the Group Exercise Instructor, 2nd Edition, equips fitness professionals with the knowledge and the skills needed to effectively lead group exercise in gyms, studios, recreation facilities, clubs, and virtual group exercise classes. An essential resource for undergraduate exercise science programs, students in pre-professional programs, and those independently prepping for the ACSM-GEI certification, this engaging, accessible text reflects the authoritative expertise of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and is aligned with the latest edition of ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. The extensively revised and reorganized 2nd Edition streamlines learning and aligns content to the domains of the ACSM Certified Group Exercise Instructor Exam, boosting exam confidence and delivering step-by-step guidance to ensure success in professional practice. New enhanced organization aligns with the ACSM Certified Group Exercise Instructor Exam to strengthen your certification exam preparation. Theory into Practice videos demonstrate group exercise in action, including safety and exercise selection, cueing, exercise modifications, and exercise progressions/regressions. Take Caution! boxes alert you to important safety or legal considerations. Ask the Pro boxes provide expert tips for effective practice. Objectives and Chapter Summaries help you make the most of your study time by reinforcing key concepts at a glance. Lippincott (R) Connect features: Full access to the digital version of the book with the ability to highlight and take notes on key passages for a more personal, efficient study experience. Carefully curated resources, such as interactive diagrams, audio and video tutorials, and self-assessment, all designed to facilitate further comprehension. Lippincott (R) Connect also allows users to create Study Collections to further personalize the study experience. With Study Collections you can: Pool content from books across your entire library into self-created Study Collections based on discipline, procedure, organ, concept or other topics. Display related text passages, video clips and self-assessment questions from each book (if available) for efficient absorption of material. Annotate and highlight key content for easy access later. Navigate seamlessly between book chapters, sections, self-assessments, notes and highlights in a single view/page.

This book brings together the most up-to-date information about the physiology of progestogens. Addressing the bidirectional communication between hormones, fertility, tumors, and autoimmunity, it provides the basic science and clinical perspectives of progestogens which have not been previously available in one volume. In addition to estrogens, androgens, mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, progestogens are a major class of steroid hormone. While present in certain phases of estrous and menstrual cycles, progestogens are named for their function in maintaining pregnancy. This book is essentially practical in orientation, addressing the specific issues that confront the practitioner, and provides information to Obstetricians, Gynecologists, Reproductive endocrinologists, as well as Gynecological Oncologists and Rheumatologists. Contributions are from an international team of experts in the field, now completely updated in this new edition with new developments in primary dysmenorrhea and contraception.

This issue focuses on what the endocrinologist needs to know about sports and doping, and provides the most up-to-date information.? Topics covered include growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, anabolics, urine testing, Beta-2 agonists, stimulants, glucocortiocoids, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), erythropoietin (EPO) analogues and blood doping, muscle growth factors, and training issues.

While nutrition is central to the management of diabetes, there is no one "diabetic diet". Nutritional prescriptions depend on the type of diabetes, food preferences, lifestyle, treatment regimen, comorbidities, state of health, and the route of caloric administration. Nutritional Strategies for the Diabetic/Prediabetic Patient is a comprehensive reference aimed at advancing physicians' knowledge of nutrition in relation to diabetes, allowing them to provide evidence-based recommendations for their diabetic patients. It also provides dietitians and diabetic educators with an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology and medical treatment of diabetes. Written by scientists, clinicians, registered dietitians, and certified diabetes educators, this book reviews the molecular mechanisms of disease and drug therapy. It also provides recommendations for management with the level of evidence indicated where appropriate. In areas where little research data is available, the editors present recommendations based on extensive clinical experience. The book places particular focus on the synchronization of nutrient intake with medications, and provides unique clinical management tools, along with details of their ability to be replicated for patient use. To facilitate accessibility, it features evidence-based technical reviews of clinical literature and includes numerous tables and figures, with color photos of wound healing stages. Addressing all aspects of nutrition in adult diabetic and prediabetic patients, Nutritional Strategies for the Diabetic/Prediabetic Patient is an important referencefor those concerned with the dietary management of this disease.

Edited by physiology instructors who are also active clinicians, Integrated Physiology and Pathophysiology is a one-stop guide to key information you need for early clinical and medical training and practice. This unique, integrated textbook unites these two essential disciplines and focuses on the most relevant aspects for clinical application. A concise, review-like format, tables and diagrams, spaced repetition for effective learning, and self-assessment features help you gain and retain a firm understanding of basic physiology and pathophysiology. Integrated Physiology and Pathophysiology works equally well as a great starting point in your studies and as a review for boards. Shares the knowledge and expertise of an outstanding editorial team consisting of two practicing clinicians who also teach physiology and pathophysiology at Harvard Medical School, plus a top Harvard medical student. Provides an integrated approach to physiology and pathophysiology in a concise, bulleted format. Chapters are short and focus on clinically relevant, foundational concepts in clear, simple language. Employs focused repetition of key points, helping you quickly recall core concepts such as pressure-flow-resistance relationships, ion gradients and action potentials, and mass balance. You'll revisit these concepts in a variety of meaningful clinical contexts in different chapters; this "spaced learning" method of reinforcement promotes deeper and more flexible understanding and application. Includes Fast Facts boxes that emphasize take-home messages or definitions. Contains Integration boxes that link physiology and pathophysiology to pharmacology, genetics, and other related sciences. Presents clinical cases and with signs and symptoms, history, and laboratory data that bring pathophysiology to life. Features end-of-chapter board-type questions, complete with clear explanations of the answers, to help prepare you for standardized exams. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Integrates Student Knowledge of Nutrition Science with Physiology Today's knowledge of human health demands a multidisciplinary understanding of medically related sciences, and Case Studies in the Physiology of Nutrition answers the call. Dedicated to the integration of nutrition science with physiology, this text cohesively incorporates descriptions of human problems in order to stimulate students' critical thinking about how the body integrates various physiological factors to maintain homeostasis. Contains Key Points, Vocabulary Exercises, and Critical Thinking Problems This textbook uses short story-type case studies about fictional individuals who have health problems in order to address a range of issues in an approachable manner. The studies vary in difficulty, with some being straightforward with very simple answers, while others require in-depth thinking and literature research to solve. Each study presents patient background, symptoms, clinical finding, and questions to ponder. Upon qualifying course adoption, this book also includes a valuable instructor's manual, which provides solutions to exercises, problem analysis, and resolution to each case study. This ready-to-implement resource addresses: Homeostasis Obesity and malnutrition Anemia and diabetes Nutrient-gene expression Immune system Food safety Aging and nutrition Muscle and bone studies Case Studies in the Physiology of Nutrition provides an understanding of nutritional components by defining biochemical, mechanical, and physical functions. Its unique approach will aid students in relating functionality to system failure as well as understanding the role of environment in health and nutrition.

Notes On Clinical Biochemistry shows how the details of molecular architecture and metabolic pathways which every biochemistry student has to learn can be summarised and made applicable to a wide range of clinical problems. This is done partly by a theoretical discussion of the links between the basic biochemistry and corresponding medical scenarios, and partly by the discussion of case histories. In this way, a very wide range of medical problems is discussed economically.This book is aimed at all those studying clinical chemistry, and medical students in the middle period of their course, that is the 2nd - 4th years. This is when the knowledge of basic sciences gained in the earlier period comes to be applied to clinical situations, and the book attempts to show, with respect to biochemistry, how this continuum is achieved.

Most textbooks of physiology deal with idealized young adult physiology in temperate climates at sea level. Other stages of life and other environments are often covered cursorily, if at all. These more stressful circumstances and conditions are not only important in their own right, but can also help us to understand normal mechanisms more fully. Therefore, this text is complementary to the major teaching texts in physiology while still containing information essential to a thorough understanding of the subject. This book is an attempt to meet the need for a different approach. It presumes a basic knowledge of 'standard' physiology such as one acquires in a preclinical course in medicine or dentistry, or during the early years of a science course in physiology. The book will be welcomed by students and teachers of physiology.

Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, systematically details the effects of acute and chronic exercise training on each component of the cardiovascular system: the heart, the vasculature, and the blood (including blood clotting factors). Students and professionals working within exercise science and related health professions will gain a comprehensive understanding of the cardiovascular system and learn how to apply this knowledge to their work. Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, highlights the complex interaction of the components of the cardiovascular system, both at rest and during exercise. Using the latest scientific and medical research, this text presents an engaging discussion of cardiovascular responses and adaptions to both aerobic and resistance exercise training, and it offers readers possible future directions for research. Specific attention is paid to the beneficial effects of exercise and the mechanisms through which regular exercise promotes cardioprotection. The second edition incorporates new topics and expanded information on the following: Ventricular hypertrophy Central blood pressure and its measurement Pathophysiology of arterial stiffness and relevant measurement techniques Blood pressure during exercise and its clinical importance The effects of prolonged acute exercise on cardiac arterial and hemostatic function Endothelial function, including the impact of aging and sex, and potential mechanisms An individual's response and adaptation to both resistance training and aerobic training The second edition of Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology uses a larger format to showcase its richly illustrated contents. Updated figures and graphics visually elucidate physiological mechanisms to depict exercise responses and training adaptations. Each chapter begins with chapter objectives and ends with a summary to help students retain important content. Fifteen case studies are included in the text to showcase the application of chapter material. Key terms are boldfaced throughout the text and are defined at the end of each chapter. In addition, sidebars describe real-world examples and applications. This text is divided into two sections. The first section offers a concise explanation of the structure and function of each component of the cardiovascular system. In the second section, readers encounter a detailed discussion of the acute and chronic effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardiac function, vascular function, and hemostatic variables. Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology, Second Edition, provides a framework for understanding how the components of the cardiovascular system cooperate to support exercise and how those components adapt to and benefit from a systematic program of exercise training.

How do you learn A&P best? Whatever your learning style...by reading, listening, or doing, or a little bit of each...the 3rd Edition of this new approach to anatomy & physiology is designed just for you. Tackle a tough subject in bite-sized pieces. A seemingly huge volume of information is organized into manageable sections to make complex concepts easy to understand and remember. You begin with an overview of the body, including its chemical and cellular structures, then progress to one-of-a-kind portrayals of each body system, grouped by function. Full-color illustrations, figures, sidebars, helpful hints, and easy-to-read descriptions make information crystal clear. Each unique page spread provides an entire unit of understanding, breaking down complex concepts into easy-to-grasp sections for today's learner. "Fast Facts" in each chapter contain interesting tips related to the system. "The Body at Work" addresses physiology of the system under discussion. "Life Lessons" apply A&P information to real-life situations. "Own the Information" exercises ask students to identify the most important points in each chapter and compare them to the learning objectives. Instructor resources: Ebook, testing resources, classroom & lecture planning resources, previous edition resources. Includes webinar recording, rollover guide to the book, questions & scenarios, PowerPoint slides, image banks, testbank Student resources: Interactive resources, flash cards, animations, podcast library, reference resources, audio glossary, PowerPoint slides

When human muscle fatigues, athletic performance becomes impaired. For those individuals suffering muscle or metabolic diseases the effects of muscle fatigue can make everyday tasks difficult. Understanding the scientific processes responsible for skeletal muscle fatigue is therefore central to the study of the physiology of sport, exercise and health.

Written by a team of leading international exercise scientists, this book explores the mechanisms of muscle fatigue and presents a comprehensive survey of current research on this important topic. Examining the wide variety of protocols, assessment methods and exercise models used to study muscle fatigue, the book explores the differential effects of fatigue as influenced by:

• age
• gender
• fitness and training
• the use of ergogenic aids
• medical conditions including cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy and glycogenosis.

Human Muscle Fatigue covers both clinical and applied approaches in sport and exercise physiology and devotes an entire section to the conceptual framework underpinning research in this area, helping readers from a wide range of backgrounds to engage with the topic. Accessible and detailed, this book is a key text for students and practitioners working in exercise and sports science, medicine, physical therapy and health.

Understanding the 'human operator' is a central concern of both ergonomists and sport and exercise scientists. This cutting-edge collection of international research papers explores the interface between physical, cognitive and occupational ergonomics and sport and exercise science, illuminating our understanding of 'human factors' at work and at play. Drawing on a wide diversity of disciplines, including applied anatomy, biomechanics, physiology, engineering, psychology and design, the book explores themes of central importance within contemporary ergonomics and sport and exercise science, such as performance, health, environment, technology and special populations. Contemporary Sport, Leisure and Ergonomics establishes important methodological connections between the disciplines, advancing the research agenda within each. It is essential reading for all serious ergonomists and human scientists.

When it's hot outside, what can you do to stay cool? People have found many ways to cool off and cool down. How cool is that? Created in collaboration with the Smithsonian Institution, this STEAM book will ignite a curiosity about STEAM topics through real-world examples. It features a hands-on STEAM challenge that is perfect for makerspaces and that guides students step-by-step through the engineering design process. Make STEAM career connections with career advice from actual Smithsonian employees working in STEAM fields. This book builds young readers' early childhood literacy skills and is ideal for 1st grade students or ages 5-7.

The number of elderly patients with diabetes is increasing at a significant rate. Responding to this growth, this source serves as a solid arsenal of information on the varying presentations and challenges associated with diabetes in the geriatric patient, and supplies clearly written sections on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes in elderly populations. With contributions from renowned authorities from the national and international institutions, this reference will depict the role of specific co-morbidities, socioeconomic aspects, and caregiver issues on the effective management of diabetes in the older adult.

DHEA and the Brain reviews a range of existing studies regarding DHEA administration to animals and humans. Chapter authors evaluate DHEA metabolism in tissues and organs, explore DHEA effects in the liver that may be of importance to the brain, and discuss recent findings regarding how DHEA is made in the brain. New perspectives about the neuroprotective effects of DHEA are presented, as well as insight related to DHEA metabolism in the brain. A number of health benefits have been associated with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), including anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-diabetes, immuno-stimulating, and memory-enhancing effects. This has prompted millions of people to take this hormone as a daily nutritional supplement. However, there is some concern that prolonged self-administration may result in future health problems, as well as unease about potential side effects due to the production of steroid derivatives in the tissues. Featuring an esteemed panel of contributors, this volume provides an authoritative overview of the research concerning DHEA and the brain. It presents a variety of innovative approaches and ideas for future investigations into the physiological actions of this hormone.

In 1772 in Uppsala the Swedish chemist Karl Wilhelm Scheele discovered the element Oxygen. Two hundred and one years later, in 1973, the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT) was founded. Since then there has been an annual ISOTT meeting. After 24 years of international ISOTT meetings it was decided, at the 2005 summit in Bary, Italy, that the 2007 meeting was to be held in Uppsala, Sweden. Thus, after the Louisville meeting we, in the Uppsala group, withdrew to the Edgewater Resort at Taylorsville Lake outside Louisville and prepared the Uppsala ISOTT meeting by tasting Kentucky Bourbons, smoking cigars while bathing in a jacuzzi in the hot dark Kentucky night full of fire flies and a sky full of stars. The ISOTT program should include different aspects of oxygen - however, it is accepted that each meeting has its own local "touch". We decided to focus the Uppsala ISOTT meeting on the theme of "Imaging and measuring oxygen changes". With this in mind we invited scientists within and outside the ISOTT society. We then also received lots of good abstracts from ISOTT members that were included in the program. Lars-Olof Sundeloef introduction speech "AIR AND FIRE" concerned how oxygen was discovered in Uppsala in 1772 by Karl Wilhelm Scheele. After the introduction speech a get together event took place in the magnificent and spacious foyer of Uppsala University main building. The vice chancellor Ulf Pettersson welcomed all delegates to Sweden and Uppsala.

This significantly updated and expanded new edition presents the scientific foundations of inhalation research essential to the design and conduct of toxicologic studies. It explores the full range of numerous scientific developments in the field, including recent advances in biology and the rapidly increasing global concerns and studies on particulate air pollution.

Key topics in the "Second Edition" include:

- new developments in the ultrafine particle health effects and concentrated aerosol research

- advances in understanding postnatal lung growth and the deposition and clearance of inhaled particles

- new techniques in toxicity testing

- the explosion of knowledge in the genetic and molecular realms

- the introduction of a large number of transgenic animal models

- updated ethical guidelines for animal testing

- the emergence of aerosol medicine

- the growing threat of aerosol-related terrorism

- increased appreciation of nonpulmonary effects of inhaled substances

- use of medical scanning techniques to study respiratory tract structure

- the introduction of new inhalation exposure systems

- the emergence of aerosol concentrators for use in air pollution studies

The Physiology of the Joints, conceived and written more than forty years ago by Dr. A. I. Kapandji, deals with biomechanics, a subject until then mentioned only incidentally in textbooks of anatomy. Following his lead, every anatomy textbook nowadays has a large component devoted to the functional aspect of the locomotor system, which has become an essential scientific subject. The seventh edition of this volume deals with the lower limb and has been expanded with the inclusion of new diagrams and text dealing in particular with: Elasticity of the Achilles' tendon Barycentre of the pregnant woman Stance phase Swinging of the upper limbs Different types of gait, ordinary and military Jumping This book is intended for medical and physical therapy students; and for practising physicians and surgeons wishing to increase their knowledge of the functional anatomy of the locomotor system.

A firm grasp of the functions of living organisms is one of the most important prerequisites to pharmacy study. The long-awaited second edition of Essentials of Human Physiology presents concepts in physiology in a way that prepares students for their subsequent study of pathophysiology, pharmacology, and pharmacotherapeutics. Thoroughly revised and updated, this text maintains the clarity of the first edition, yet provides important new information to give students a solid grounding in some of the most important aspects of pharmacy. As with the first edition, the book begins with an overview of the fundamental aspects of cell membrane physiology with particular emphasis on nerve cell function. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the two major regulatory systems in the body: the nervous system and the endocrine system. The book then continues with in-depth presentations of the reproductive, muscular, cardiovascular, immune, respiratory, digestive, and renal systems. An important focus throughout the text is how tissue and organ function are regulated in order to maintain homeostasis. New in This Edition: * All 19 chapters updated and expanded * Revised and additional subsections of pharmacy applications * New sections on medical terms with pronunciations and definitions * New chapters on the reproductive and immune systems * Additional figures and tables to clarify information . This book was written by Laurie Kelly McCorry, a professor of physiology for eighteen years. Using simple, straightforward language, the text presents the science of physiology clearly so that undergraduate students will understand the relevance of these concepts as they relate to the practice of pharmacy. By studying and mastering the principles in this text, students will develop a secure foundation in human physiology so that they are better equipped to meet the challenges in their pharmacy career.

Exercise Physiology in Special Populations covers the prevalent health conditions that are either linked to an inactive lifestyle or whose effects can be ameliorated by increasing physical activity and physical fitness. The book explores physiological aspects of obesity and diabetes before moving on to cardiac disease, lung disease, arthritis and back pain, ageing and older people, bone health, the female participant, neurological and neuromuscular disorders, and spinal chord injury. The author team includes many of the UK's leading researchers and exercise science and rehabilitation practitioners that specialise in each of the topic areas. New to the popular Advances in Sport and Exercise Science series, this book covers key aspects of exercise physiology including: .Coronary Heart Disease & Cardiac Dysfunction .Neurological disorders (Strokes, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Head Injury) .Spinal cord injuries .Obesity & Diabetes .Amputees .Downs syndrome .Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease .Musculo-rheumatological disorders and pain .Bone Health .Older People .HIV/Aids .The female exercise participant * Structured in an easy accessible way for students and lecturers* Well referenced, including a further reading list with each chapter..* Written by a group of highly experienced experts.