Featuring practical strategies and exciting experiments, Teaching Innovations in Lipid Science addresses lipid education at a range of levels from the novice to the graduate student and teacher. Peer-reviewed contributions from internationally known specialists, describe several methods and approaches designed to create new lipid courses, modify existing courses, and serve as a basis for pursuing novel avenues of instruction. Divided into two sections, the first focuses on teaching strategies and outlines some of the barriers that lipid science specialists face when transmitting accurate information. It emphasizes the development and implementation of creative programs that foster interest in lipid science, and presents novel problem-solving approaches. It discusses strategies for involving and evaluating independent study students and explains the successful use of sample cards to teach oilseed and cereal processing. This section also provides generalized accounts of biotechnology and crop improvement and isoprenoid biochemistry, including improvement of oilseed crops and tips on explaining DNA science and crop biotechnology. The second section begins with simple demonstrations on the physical properties of lipids suitable for middle- and high school students. It follows with more complex experiments on analyzing lipids in food oils, plasma, and milk utilizing thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. Contributions include information on convenient enzyme test kits with exercises that can translate to a lab course beginning with chromatographic methods for lipid analysis. The final chapter presents theory and experiments for studying lipid metabolism in the plastid by describing preparation methods, studying metabolite uptake, and pathway analysis.

N-acetylaspartate (NAA), the acetylated form of the amino acid aspartate, is one of the most highly concentrated chemicals in the brains of humans, yet its function remains elusive. NAA is used in nonsurgical analyses of nerve cell dysfunction, and it is implicated in a disorder known as Canavan 's disease. This book reviews research from around the world in the study of NAA, and the roles it plays in neuronal development and functioning.

This book uniquely presents conceptual understanding as well as advancements in the field of endocrinology. It emphasizes the harmonization between the function and the structure of different endocrine glands in the body. The book's initial chapters introduce hormones' biological synthesis, structure, function, and signaling pathways. The subsequent chapters examine the functional relationship between hypothalamus and pituitary gland and its leading and regulating roles on other endocrine and non- endocrine organs. A separate chapter discusses the synergistic functions of adrenal glands and pineal gland in the circadian rhythm and analyze the role of corticoids in carbohydrate and mineral metabolism. Furthermore, the book addresses the role of growth hormones, prolactin, gonads regulating hormones, adrenocorticotropin, thyroid hormones, parathormone, gluco- and mineral corticoids, insulin and glucagon, Physiology of bone remodeling is presented with the role of parathyroid glands, C cells and vitamin D explaining the bone as an endocrine organ. The regulation of male and female reproductive functions is represented well. Lastly, the book reviews the novel endocrine role and metabolic aspects of adipose tissue as an endocrine tissue and its relationship to inflammatory diseases, insulin resistance and many metabolic disorders. The book introduces key parts for endocrine's stem cell in each gland is discussed in term of its survival, proliferation, migration, homing, differentiation and its regeneration and remodeling roles.

The advances made in vascular biology in the last 25 years have considerably changed the perception that one could have of the endothelial cells. Once considered as a diffusion barrier preventing the access of the blood cells to the vascular matrix, the endothelium is now recognized as playing a major role in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation, and vascular tone, but also in immunology, inflammation, angiogenesis, and for serving as a metabolizing and an endocrine organ. -- from the preface Cardiovascular diseases, so prevalent in the Western world during the twentieth century, could well become the scourge of the twenty-first century in emerging countries as well as the West. Endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or release of contracting and relaxing factors is often evoked to explain the initiation of the cardiovascular pathology or its development and perpetuation. Two decades ago, when nitric oxide was demonstrated to mediate endothelium-dependent relaxations, the vascular world seemed convinced that nitric oxide was the ultimate and sole explanation for such relaxations. However not everyone agreed. EDHF: The Complete Story is the work of two leading researchers who did not accept that simple conclusion, but instead continued to search, along with others, for a deeper understanding of the ways in which endothelial cells communicate with the underlying smooth muscle to signal it to hyperpolarize. Now with most, if not all, of those ways, uncovered, the authors offer this summary as way of bringing closure to the quest. This monograph reports on the work of many researchers. It summarizes the significant recent discoveries concerning endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, which are likely to play a much more important role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology than was originally foreseen Extensively illustrated with original diagrams and schematics that su

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Closure for Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Peripheral Embolism, Migraine, and Hypoxemia is a complete reference covering the association between PFO and numerous medical conditions. It provides a background on the topic including embryology, anatomy, and physiology. This book fully examines the diagnosis and imaging assessment of PFO and discusses the data linking PFO to various clinical pathologies. It details technical aspects of PFO closure and includes perspectives on future outlooks and where the field is headed in terms of device closure indications. This is a complete reference book for cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, neurologists, pulmonologists, general practitioners, medical professionals, and researchers who are interested in PFO-associated pathologies, technical aspects, safety, and future outlooks of PFO device closure.

In recent times, the ASEP (American Society of Exercise Physiologists) leaders have developed and implemented academic standards to promote professionalism in academic programs throughout the U.S. The effort represents a significant change in the scope and the monitoring of the exercise physiologists' accountability. Through these new standards, all academic exercise physiologists are challenged by ASEP to accept responsibility for promoting the professionalization and self-regulation that will lead to lead to improved client and patient care when prescribing exercise medicine. Accreditation helps to reduce unnecessary variation within and between academic programs. Moreover, given the collaborative improvement in academic programs and faculty responsibility to the undergraduate students, the quality of their educational care will be significantly improved. Academic exercise physiologists must take responsibility for where exercise physiology is today and take responsibility to the evolving state of exercise physiology and student market-driven career opportunities in exercise medicine. Advancing the Profession of Exercise Physiology provides understanding and guidance on the importance and the significance of academic leadership in promoting the profession of exercise physiology as a healthcare profession that is founded on professionalism, accreditation, ethical practice, and entrepreneurial skills. This new volume examines the ethical need for professionalism in exercise physiology, which is, in turn, imperative for future growth and sustainability.

Fatigue is a condition spanning the breadth of human functioning in health and disease and is a central concern in sport and exercise. Even so we are yet to fully understand its causes. One reason for this lack of understanding is that we seldom consider fatigue from an evolutionary perspective - as an adaptation that provided reproductive success. This ground-breaking book outlines the evidence that fatigue is a result of adaptations distinctive to humans. It argues that humans developed adaptations which led to enhanced fatigue resistance compared with other mammals and discusses the implications in the context of exercise, health and performance. Highly illustrated throughout, it covers topics such as defining and measuring fatigue, the emotional aspect of fatigue, how thermoregulation affects the human capacity to resist fatigue, and fatigue in disease. Human Fatigue is essential reading for all exercise scientists as well as graduate and undergraduate students in the broad field of physiology and exercise physiology.

Studies of membrane transporters have had a great impact on our understanding of human diseases and the design of effective drugs. In Membrane Transporters in Drug Discovery and Development: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers provide practical methodologies of the ongoing research on membrane transporters, considering applications of transporter technologies in drug discovery and development. Chapters include new and useful fields and methodologies, including pharmacogenomics, nutrigenomics, systems biology, bioinformatics, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), imaging, and quantitative real-time-PCR. Transporter studies in drug discovery and development for various diseases are discussed, including neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, ophthalmic diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Wide-ranging and current, Membrane Transporters in Drug Discovery and Development: Methods and Protocols delivers a collection of practical protocols that can be used immediately in the lab, along with critical surveys of key topics by leading researchers in the field.

"BetaSys" uses the example of regulated exocytosis in pancreatic -cells, and its relevance to diabetes, to illustrate the major concepts of systems biology, its methods and applications.

This book systematically introduces the bionic nature of force sensing and control, the biomechanical principle on mechanism of force generation and control of skeletal muscle, and related applications in robotic exoskeleton. The book focuses on three main aspects: muscle force generation principle and biomechanical model, exoskeleton robot technology based on skeletal muscle biomechanical model, and SMA-based bionic skeletal muscle technology. This comprehensive and in-depth book presents the author's research experience and achievements of many years to readers in an effort to promote academic exchanges in this field. About the Author Yuehong Yin received his B.E. , M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, in 1990, 1995 and 1997, respectively, all in mechanical engineering. From December 1997 to December 1999, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow with Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, where he became an Associate Professor in July 1999. Since December 1999, he has been with the Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, where he became a Professor and a Tenure Professor in December 2005 and January 2016, respectively. His research interests include robotics, force control, exoskeleton robot, molecular motor, artificial limb, robotic assembly, reconfigurable assembly system, and augmented reality. Dr. Yin is a fellow of the International Academy of Production Engineering (CIRP).

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a highly prevalent condition in developed countries and is a cluster of several risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease that includes increased body mass index/waist circumference, visceral obesity, insulin resistance, hyperclycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension, which are all major causes of morbidity and death.

This volume provides a critical review and discussion of the knowledge gathered on MS and analyzes the interplay between oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and angiogenesis features. There is a special focus on recent discoveries and progress toward possible therapeutic strategies, such as the role of glucose transporters within MS; the effects of polyphenols as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic compounds.

The role of NFkB, nitric oxide synthases, hypoxia-inducible factors, and many other molecules that play a part in the development of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as angiogenesis is also covered.

This book fills the gap between basic science and medical care, and provides the reader with the skills to apply rigorous basic science to clinical settings of metabolic syndrome-associated disorders.

Engineered MSCs from Patient-Specific iPS Cells, by Irina Eberle, Mohsen Moslem, Reinhard Henschler, Tobias Cantz

Fate of Intravenously Injected Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Significance for Clinical Application, by Beate Wagner, Reinhard Henschler

The Implications of Stem Cell Applications for Diseases of the Respiratory System, by Mei Ling Lim, Philipp Jungebluth, Paolo Macchiarini

Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Applications in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, by Birgit Weyand, Peter M. Vogt

General Principles for the Regeneration of Bone and Cartilage, by Michael Jagodzinski, C. Haasper

Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells Explored in the Dental Field, by K. M. Fawzy El-Sayed, C. Dorfer, F. Fandrich, F. Gieseler, M. H. Moustafa, H. Ungefroren

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Lung Diseases, by Khondoker M. Akram, Sohel Samad, Monica Spiteri, Nicholas R. Forsyth

Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Cellular Immunotherapeutics in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, by Claudia Papewalis, Daniela Topolar, Barbara Gotz, Stefan Schonberger, Dagmar Dilloo
New Cell-Based Therapy Paradigm: Induction of Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells into Pro-Inflammatory MSC1 and Anti-inflammatory MSC2 Phenotypes, by Aline M. Betancourt

Interactions Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Dendritic Cells, by Grazia Maria Spaggiari, Lorenzo Moretta

MSC and Tumors: Homing, Differentiation, and Secretion Influence Therapeutic Potential, by Naomi D souza, Jorge Sans Burns, Giulia Grisendi, Olivia Candini, Elena Veronesi, Serena Piccinno, Edwin M. Horwitz, Paolo Paolucci, Pierfranco Conte, Massimo Dominici

Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current and Future Clinical Use, by Michela Pozzobon, Martina Piccoli, Paolo De Coppi

Role of the EU Framework in Regulation of Stem Cell-Based Products, by Giovanni Migliaccio, Cristina Pintus

"

Research has clearly established a link between omega fatty acids and general health, particularly cardiovascular health. Omega Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health, Second Edition, illustrates the importance of omega-3 fatty acids in longevity, cognitive impairment and structure and function of the brain's neurons and also the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids on neurological function. This book encompasses some of the most recent research on the links between omega fatty acids and the developing brain, aging, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, including the role of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on hippocampal neurogenesis, substantia nigra modulation, migraine headaches, the developing brain in animals, sleep and neurodegenerative diseases. This completely updated second edition focuses on the counterbalancing dietary and tissue omega-6 fatty acids as well as it studies the effects in pregnancy and early infancy, animal model studies and autoimmune neurological diseases.

This volume summarizes recent advances in research on mesenchymal cell populations in the bone marrow. It explores how mesenchymal cells create niches for immune cells in extramedullary organs and it discusses new concepts of lympho-hematopoietic microenvironments. Readers are introduced to the fundamentals of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiation to all types of blood cells, including immune cells, in the bone marrow. The book highlights how this process is supported and regulated by the individual microenvironments of stem cells, termed niches. The identity of HSC niches has been subject to longstanding debates. Recent studies identified the population of mesenchymal stem cells as the major cellular component of niches, for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their candidate developmental origin. Furthermore, candidate cellular niches for immune cells in lymph nodes and adipose and connective tissues were identified. The authors of this volume focus on shared features between those and HSPC niche cells in the bone marrow. Covering latest research results, this book serves as fascinating read for researchers and clinicians in hematology and immunology.

One of the greatest challenges facing the computational engineering community is to extend the success of computational mechanics to fields outside traditional engineering, in particular to biology, the biomedical sciences and medicine. The Computational Biomechanics for Medicine series provides an opportunity for specialists in computational biomechanics to present their latest methodologies and advancements. This 5th edition comprises nine of the latest developments in both fundamental science and patient-specific applications, from researchers in Australia, New Zealand, USA, UK, France, Ireland and China. Some of the interesting topics discussed are: cellular mechanics; tumor growth and modeling; medical image analysis and both patient-specific fluid dynamics and solid mechanics simulations.

Up-to-date and evidence-based, Updates on Treatment and Management of Endocrinopathies [correct title?] provides an overview of recent developments regarding the most prevalent endocrine disorders. A concise, easy-to-read reference for endocrinologists and endocrine surgeons, this timely reference includes an overview of each disorder as well as diagnosis, management, treatment, prognosis, and a summary by a renowned expert who has contributed to the most current literature. Addresses endocrine diseases of the thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands as well as familial endocrine syndromes: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 2 (MEN). Includes both surgical and nonsurgical treatments. Consolidates today's available information on this timely topic into one convenient resource.

There has been a marked change in examination strategy over the last five years; EMQs (extended matching questions) are popular with tutors and students alike as they present a more realistic view of a student's ability to apply his or her knowledge in a clinical situation. The new edition of MCQs in Physiology has been subject to a complete overhaul to become MCQs and EMQs in Physiology. This reflects the current methods of examination techniques and will provide the student with a complete revision resource book. Packed with MCQs and EMQs along with clear and simple explanations of each answer, this book covers all the main physiological systems. The questions stretch from basic to applied and interpretative and are written with the modern integrated syllabus firmly in mind. Presented alongside other core revision books such as EMQs in Clinical Medicine this book will soon be seen as a must-have for any medie's shelf.

Fifteen years ago the field of oxygen free radicals was just beginning to launch into a new area of importance in pathology. Since then, oxygen free radicals have been implicated in a number of disease processes, including atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation. Measuring in vivo Oxidative Damage brings together methods by leading experts in the field of oxidative damage and by scientists from clinical biochemistry laboratories who have had much experience with the practical problems of measuring oxidative damage in vivo. Many of the authors are involved in national and international quality assurance programmes and routinely establish these assays in clinical research laboratories. The book is divided into 5 parts:
* Chromatographic procedures
* Measurement of 8-oxo deoxyguanosine
* Cellular-based methods
* Molecular-based assays
* Antioxidant activity.
Each part is designed to help the clinical scientist evaluate the best method for their particular problem in measuring oxidative damage in vivo. The methods represented are the ones most commonly used and are deemed robust and simple enough to apply to clinical material. Measuring in vivo Oxidative Damage is an ideal practical reference work for the clinical scientist and is a must for all laboratories in hospitals and research institutions which are actively involved in analytical work.

This book offers an unparalleled source of information on in vivo assessment of nanoparticle toxicity by using Drosophila as a model organism. Nanoparticles have emerged as an useful tool for wide variety of biomedical, cosmetics, and industrial applications. However, our understanding of nanomaterial-mediated toxicity under in vivo condition remains limited. The book begins with a chapter on synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles used for various biological, medical and commercial purposes. The rest of the chapters deal with the impact of nanoparticles on different biological aspects like behavior, physiology and metabolic homoeostasis using Drosophila as a model organism. Lastly, the book summarizes how proper characterization and evaluation of safe dosage of nanoparticles can be a boon if incorporated in consumer goods and for biomedical applications. Overall, the book pursues an interdisciplinary approach by connecting nanotechnology and biology from various angles using Drosophila as a model system, so as to develop more efficient, safe and effective use of nanoparticles for human beings.

This book provides easy-to-understand, scientifically backed answers to readers' questions about hormones, helping them understand the many important roles they play, particularly during adolescence. Especially during the teenage years, people are quick to blame raging hormones for everything from acne to rebellious behavior. But hormones play vital and varied roles throughout our lives, driving such basic processes as growth and metabolism and orchestrating sexual maturation and reproduction. But for many, hormones are mysterious and misunderstood. How much do you really know about hormones, how they affect our health, and how what we do can affect them? Books in Greenwood's Q&A Health Guides series follow a reader-friendly question-and-answer format that anticipates readers' needs and concerns. Prevalent myths and misconceptions are identified and dispelled, and a collection of case studies illustrate key concepts and issues through relatable stories and insightful recommendations. Each book also includes a section on health literacy, equipping teens and young adults with practical tools and strategies for finding, evaluating, and using credible sources of health information both on and off the internet—important skills that contribute to a lifetime of healthy decision making.

In recent times, the ASEP (American Society of Exercise Physiologists) leaders have developed and implemented academic standards to promote professionalism in academic programs throughout the U.S. The effort represents a significant change in the scope and the monitoring of the exercise physiologists' accountability. Through these new standards, all academic exercise physiologists are challenged by ASEP to accept responsibility for promoting the professionalization and self-regulation that will lead to lead to improved client and patient care when prescribing exercise medicine. Accreditation helps to reduce unnecessary variation within and between academic programs. Moreover, given the collaborative improvement in academic programs and faculty responsibility to the undergraduate students, the quality of their educational care will be significantly improved. Academic exercise physiologists must take responsibility for where exercise physiology is today and take responsibility to the evolving state of exercise physiology and student market-driven career opportunities in exercise medicine. Advancing the Profession of Exercise Physiology provides understanding and guidance on the importance and the significance of academic leadership in promoting the profession of exercise physiology as a healthcare profession that is founded on professionalism, accreditation, ethical practice, and entrepreneurial skills. This new volume examines the ethical need for professionalism in exercise physiology, which is, in turn, imperative for future growth and sustainability.

The Behavioral, Molecular, Pharmacological, and Clinical Basis of the Sleep-Wake Cycle provides the first comprehensive overview on the molecular methodologies used to evaluate sleep while also examining the cellular, biochemical, genetic, and therapeutic aspects of the sleep-wake cycle. There have been profound changes in the landscape of approaches to the study of sleep - mainly in the areas of molecular biology and molecular techniques. With this great focus on using multidisciplinary molecular methods, chapters address significant advances in the molecular mechanisms underlying sleep and the techniques researchers use to study this phenomenon. Written by world-leading experts in the area, this book is of great interest to researchers working in the sleep field and to anyone interested in one of the most mysterious phenomena in science - why we sleep and why we cannot survive without it.

Volume I of this book provides a comprehensive discussion of the factors involved in regulation of the cell cycle, the general biological properties of growth factors, and the receptor and postreceptor mechanisms of action of these signaling agents. It evaluates the possible role of growth factors in the regulation of proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression, and the development of neoplastic processes is discussed in detail.

This contributed volume provides a comprehensive assessment of the roles played by 5-HT2B receptors in humans. These receptors have been shown to play an important role is the cardiac, intestinal, and central nervous systems as well as in bone marrow formation and growth. In this book, expert researchers present their findings on molecular and physiological/pathological aspects of 5-HT2B receptors. The molecular section includes a discussion of the genetics of 5-HT2B receptors and impulse control. The physiological section covers their role in many biological systems including the nervous system, the heart, and the lungs.