This book provides comprehensive coverage on the latest developments of research in the ever-expanding area of polymers and advanced materials and their applications to broad scientific fields including physics, chemistry, biology, and materials. It presents physical principles in explaining and rationalizing polymeric phenomena. Featuring classical topics that are conventionally considered as part of chemical technology, the book covers the chemical principles from a modern point of view. It analyzes theories to formulate and prove the polymer principles and offers future outlooks on applications of bioscience in chemical concepts.

Chitin is one of the most important biopolymers, synthesized by an enormous number of living organisms and is a promising bioactive polymer for food packaging applications due to its functional properties. This book focuses on composition, properties, characterization, and theoretical approach of chitin and chitosan bio-composites. It describes the most recent studies concerning chitin and chitosan-based films and gives an overview about future trends regarding the industrial applications of chitin and chitosan for food packaging purposes. This book is especially useful for researchers in the fields of bionanocomposites, especially those with an interest in packaging applications.

Covering fundamentals through applications, this book discusses environmentally friendly polymer nanocomposites and alternatives to traditional nanocomposites through detailed reviews of a variety of materials procured from different resources, their synthesis, and applications using alternative green approaches. The text: Describes green polymeric nanocomposites that show greater properties in terms of degradability, biocompatibility, synthesis process, cost effectiveness, mechanical strength, high surface area, nontoxicity, and environmental friendliness Explains the basics of eco-friendly polymer nanocomposites from different natural resources and their chemistry Discusses practical applications that present future directions in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and automotive industries This book is aimed at scientists, researchers, and academics working in nanotechnology, biomaterials, polymer science, and those studying products derived from eco-friendly nanomaterials.

In recent years, multicomponent polymers have generated much interest due to their excellent properties, unique morphology, and high-end applications. This book focuses on thermal, thermo-mechanical, and dielectric analysis of polymers and multicomponent polymeric systems such as blends, interpenetrating polymeric networks (IPNs), gels, polymer composites, and nanocomposites. Through these analyses, it provides an insight into the stability of polymer systems as a function of time, processing, and usage. Aimed at polymer chemists, physicists, and engineers, it also covers ASTM/ISO and other standards of various measurement techniques for systematic analysis in materials science.

We rely upon plastics for a great many functions in everyday life, from the cases of consumer electronics to disposable cutlery, plastics are versatile and convenient. However, with the supply of fossil fuels from which fossil-based plastics are derived becoming smaller and more expensive the need for alternatives is becoming increasingly apparent. Policy makers, environmentalists and consumers are increasing pressure on plastics manufacturers to look for greener alternatives to fossil-based plastics. Bioplastics are materials that are derived wholly or partially from biomass feedstocks, making them renewable, whilst maintaining the desirable properties of fossil-based plastics. Many, although not all, bioplastics are also more readily degradable than conventional plastics, a property increasingly desired by consumers. A variety of different bioplastics have already been developed and the field continues to grow. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse subjects relating to bioplastics, including materials science, manufacture and processing and social and environmental impacts. It provides a valuable introduction both for those studying plastics at a graduate level and those starting to work in the field.

In the 20th century, the composite materials with polymer matrices, i.e. polymer matrix composites (PMC), became the engineering structural materials of choice because of low cost, ease of processing, weigh savings, corrosion resistance and other major advances. The PMC are used in automotive and aeronautical industry, bridge structures, water and waste systems and more recently in the offshore exploration and oil production. Prevailing use of PMC is stipulated by high specific characteristics, a possibility of properties modification matching the matrices and fillers, and their relative content. The book is based on the research results obtained in the time period of 1990-2010 at the Laboratory of Long-Term Deformation, in the Institute of Polymer Mechanics, Riga, Latvia. This book examines the results of experimental investigations of present-day composite materials.

This book presents important research advances in the study of polymer research. Topics discussed herein include small molecule stabilisation; amphiphilic block copolymers; effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in living organisms; PAHs pollution; cyclodextrin polymers; polymer-polymer incompatability; carbohydrate polymers in controlled release technologies; and macrocyclic polymers for metal ions separation.

Development of Packaging and Products for Use in Microwave Ovens, Second Edition, supports the efficient design of microwaveable food products and packaging materials, explaining all essential aspects in a detailed and systematic way. This new edition reviews recent developments and the latest cutting-edge technology, including new materials and package formats, new ideas for product development, and new information on developments in microwave technology. Sections cover the effect of food dielectric properties and heating uniformity, microwave packaging materials, product development, food, packaging, oven safety, and the computer modelling of microwave products and active packaging. Written by a distinguished team of international contributors, this book is not only a valuable resource for engineers, manufacturers and product developers in the food and packaging industries, but also a great research tool for industrial R&D and academia.

Plastic materials continue to play a vital and growing role in packaging applications. It is thus more important than ever that all involved in the packaging industry command a basic understanding of the properties of the common packaging plastics. This highly regarded book provides just that to students and packaging professionals alike: material properties and how they relate to the chemical structure of the polymers, common processing methods for packaging applications, help with writing specifications, designing, fabricating, testing, and controlling the quality of the plastic material are covered comprehensively. The fourth edition has major revisions in discussions of sustainability, recycling, and design for sustainability. Coverage of biodegradable and biobased plastics is also increased. Discussion of coatings is also expanded. Further updates and enhancements throughout ensure Plastics Packaging remains an indispensable resource for both the packaging expert and the novice.

This book provides understanding of raw materials, manufacturing and biomedical applications of different polymeric and natural composites such as drug delivery, growth factor delivery, orthopedics, dentistry and wound dressing.

Plant Flow Measurement and Control Handbook is a comprehensive reference source for practicing engineers in the field of instrumentation and controls. It covers many practical topics, such as installation, maintenance and potential issues, giving an overview of available techniques, along with recommendations for application. In addition, it covers available flow sensors, such as automation and control. The author brings his 35 years of experience in working in instrumentation and control within the industry to this title with a focus on fluid flow measurement, its importance in plant design and the appropriate control of processes. The book provides a good balance between practical issues and theory and is fully supported with industry case studies and a high level of illustrations to assist learning. It is unique in its coverage of multiphase flow, solid flow, process connection to the plant, flow computation and control. Readers will not only further understand design, but they will also further comprehend integration tactics that can be applied to the plant through a step-by-step design process that goes from installation to operation.

You need reliable initial processing data before setting up an injection molding machine to optimize and stabilize the process if you want to guarantee excellent results. A good set up can save you time and money. This powerful tool will provide you with the most important processing data, such as viscosity, thermal properties, mold temperatures, and suggested heater temperatures for the most commonly used materials in injection molding. Pocket-sized and condensed - yet clear and comprehensive! The PLASTICS POCKET POWER Series was developed with the plastics processor in mind. Its small, 3""X5"" size makes it a convenient resource tool for people to carry with them. These books are practical reference tools that contain all of the pertinent data plastics processors need to overcome the day-to-day challenges they encounter. The unique spiral binding of these books lets the user easily flip through the pages, mark their most-often used pages by keeping them flipped open, and allows the book to lay flat.

Polymers are one of the most fascinating materials of the present era finding their applications in almost every aspects of life. Polymers are either directly available in nature or are chemically synthesized and used depending upon the targeted applications.Advances in polymer science and the introduction of new polymers have resulted in the significant development of polymers with unique properties. Different kinds of polymers have been and will be one of the key in several applications in many of the advanced pharmaceutical research being carried out over the globe. This 4-partset of books contains precisely referenced chapters, emphasizing different kinds of polymers with basic fundamentals and practicality for application in diverse pharmaceutical technologies. The volumes aim at explaining basics of polymers based materials from different resources and their chemistry along with practical applications which present a future direction in the pharmaceutical industry. Each volume offer deep insight into the subject being treated. Volume 1: Structure and Chemistry Volume 2: Processing and Applications Volume 3: Biodegradable Polymers Volume 4: Bioactive and Compatible Synthetic/Hybrid Polymers

Survey s the issues typically raised in discussions of sustainability and plastics * Discusses current issues not covered in detail previously such as ocean litter, migration of additives into food products and the recovery of plastics * Covers post-consumer fate of plastics on land and in the oceans, highlighting the environmental impacts of disposal methods * Details toxicity of plastics, particularly as it applies to human health * Presents a clear analysis of the key plastic-related issues including numerous citations of the research base that supports and contradicts the popularly held notions

Pyrolysis is a recycling technique converting plastic waste into fuels, monomers, or other valuable materials by thermal and catalytic cracking processes. It allows the treatment of mixed, unwashed plastic wastes. For many years research has been carried out on thermally converting waste plastics into useful hydrocarbons liquids such as crude oil and diesel fuel. Recently the technology has matured to the point where commercial plants are now available. Pyrolysis recycling of mixed waste plastics into generator and transportation fuels is seen as the answer for recovering value from unwashed, mixed plastics and achieving their desired diversion from landfill.

This book provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. It describes the types of plastics that are suitable for pyrolysis recycling, the mechanism of pyrolytic degradation of various plastics, characterization of the pyrolysis products and details of commercially mature pyrolysis technologies. This book also covers co-pyrolysis technology, including: waste plastic/waste oil, waste plastics/coal, and waste plastics/rubber.

A concise introduction to the physics of charged macromolecules, from the basics of electrostatics to cutting-edge modern research developments. This accessible book provides a clear and intuitive view of concepts and theory, and features appendices detailing mathematical methodology. Supported by results from real-world experiments and simulations, this book equips the reader with a vital foundation for performing experimental research. Topics include living matter and synthetic materials including polyelectrolytes, polyzwitterions, polyampholytes, proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins, and DNA/RNA. Serving as a gateway to the growing field of charged macromolecules and their applications, this concept-driven book is a perfect guide for students beginning their studies in charged macromolecules, providing new opportunities for research and discovery.

International Plastics Handbook provides everything there is to know about plastics -comprehensively compiled in a compact and well organized format. From material properties to machines, processing, and applications, the user will find detailed information that will allow the successful implementation of new materials and technologies. This concise, competent, modern reference not only explains the basic facts and interrelationships, but it is also a practical guide for engineers helping them succeed in today's challenging global industrial world. Searching for specific materials, trade names, properties or any other information is particularly easy, because the reader also has free access to the electronic version of the book.

Polyurethane and Related Foams: Chemistry and Technology is an in-depth examination of the current preparation, processing, and applications of polyurethanes (PURs) and other polymer foams. Drawing attention to novel raw materials, alternative blowing agents, and new processing methods, the book accentuates recent innovations that meet increasingly stringent environmental and fire safety regulations as well as higher quality products.

Written by Dr. Kaneyoshi Ashida, a renowned pioneer of polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams, the book details the fundamental chemistry and material properties for each category of foams. The author presents mechanisms for chemical modification and foaming reactions, emphasizing the relationship between molecular design and enhanced physical properties. The latter half of the book focuses on polyurethane foams, the largest segment of the polyisocyanate-based foam industry. It contains a fully updated description of the chemistry, raw materials, manufacturing, formulations, analyses, and testing involved in producing a wide variety of progressive applications, including building materials.

This book chronicles the scientific and technological evolution of preparation and processing methods for polyisocyanate-based foams. Polyurethane and Related Foams: Chemistry and Technology offers a clear and concise guide to the technologies, methods, and best practices that help the foam industry meet higher quality, health, and environmental standards.

An introduction to the rheology of polymers, with simple math

Designed for practicing scientists and engineers interested in polymer rheology science, education, consulting, or research and development, "Introduction to Polymer Rheology" is a comprehensive yet accessible guide to the study of the deformation and flow of matter under applied stress. Often considered a complicated topic for beginners, the book makes grasping the fundamentals of polymer rheology easy by presenting information in an approachable way and limiting the use of complex mathematics. By doing so, this introductory overview provides readers with easy access to the key concepts underlying the flow behavior of polymer melts, solutions, and suspensions. Incorporating sample problems that are worked through and explained on the page, as well as numerous practice problems to gauge learning comprehension, the book prepares new students and practitioners for moving on to more advanced concepts.

Comprising twelve chapters, the book covers stress, velocity and rate of deformation, the relationship between stress and rate of deformation (Newtonian fluid), generalized Newtonian fluids, normal stresses and elastic behavior, experimental methods, small and large strain, the molecular origins of rheological behavior, elementary polymer processing concepts, quality control in rheology, and the flow of modified polymers and those with supermolecular structure.

The essential reference for accurately interpreting polymer rheology data, "Introduction to Polymer Rheology" provides readers with an elementary understanding of the key issues and modern approaches to resolving problems in the field.An Instructor's Guide with answers to select problems in the text, 60 new problems with full solutions, hints for effective presentation of the material in the text, and an errata listing is available for professors using the book as a course textbook.

Biocomposites, formed by a matrix and a reinforcement of natural fibers, often mimic the structure of living materials and offer the strength of the matrix as well as biocompatibility. Being renewable, cheap, recyclable, and biodegradable, they have witnessed rapidly growing interest in terms of industrial and fundamental applications. This book focuses on fiber-based composites applied to biomedical and environmental applications. It presents a comprehensive survey of biocomposites from the existing literature, paying particular attention to various biomedical and environmental applications. The text describes mechanical designs and manufacturing aspects of various fibrous polymer matrix composites and presents examples of the synthesis and development of bionanocomposites and their applications. The book is the first of its kind to present all these topics together unlike most other books on nano-/biocomposites that are generally limited to their fundamentals, different methods of synthesis, and applications.

This Third Edition of the classic, best-selling polymer science textbook surveys theory and practice of all major phases of polymer science, engineering, and technology, including polymerization, solution theory, fractionation and molecular-weight measurement, solid-state properties, structure-property relationships, and the preparation, fabrication and properties of commercially-important plastics, fibers, and elastomers.

Taking the most common polymers this undergraduate textbook describes the basic principles of polymer science. Using polymers with which students will be familiar, for example polystyrene and PVC, this book relates the structure of polymers to their properties, and explains how and their properties can be tailored for a particular use.

Green nanotechnology has two goals: producing nanomaterials and products without harming the environment or human health, and producing nanoproducts that provide solutions to environmental problems. It uses existing principles of green chemistry and green engineering to make nanomaterials and nanoproducts without toxic ingredients, at low temperatures using less energy and renewable inputs wherever possible, and using lifecycle thinking in all design and engineering stages. The production and process aspects of green nanotechnology involve both making nanomaterials in a more environmentally benign fashion and using nanomaterials to make current chemical processes more environmentally acceptable. This book contains information about advanced nanomaterials that can be produced without harming the environment or human health. This encompasses the production of nanomaterials without environmental toxicity, at room temperature and with the use of renewable energy sources. The book contains the descriptions and results of theoretical and experimental researches in the field of environment friendly nanotechnology carried out over the past decade by the scientific team of company Polymate Ltd.-International Nanotechnology Center (Israel) under leadership of Prof. O. Figovsky. Developments of the Company have been used in industry and agriculture and protected by more than 25 patents of USA, Germany and Russia.

Polymer science is central to material and intellectual life in the 20th century. Polymer chemistry and engineering have led not only to such substances as synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, and plastic, but also to discoveries about proteins, DNA, and other biological compounds that have revolutionized Western medicine. In "Inventing Polymer Science", Yasu Furukawa explores the history of modern polymer science by tracing its emergence from macromolecular chemistry, its true beginning. Furukawa's lively book gains human interest through its focus on two central figures, Hermann Staudinger and Wallace Carothers. He examines the origins and development of their scientific work, illuminates their different styles in research and professional activities, and contrasts the peculiar institutional and social milieux in which they pursued their goals. In the process he provides us with a richly contextualized history of the emergence of macromolecular chemistry.

Comprehensive introduction to finite elastoplasticity, addressing various analytical and numerical analyses & including state-of-the-art theories""

"Introduction to Finite Elastoplasticity" presents introductory explanations that can be readily understood by readers with only a basic knowledge of elastoplasticity, showing physical backgrounds of concepts in detail and derivation processes of almost all equations. The authors address various analytical and numerical finite strain analyses, including new theories developed in recent years, and explain fundamentals including the push-forward and pull-back operations and the Lie derivatives of tensors.

As a foundation to finite strain theory, the authors begin by addressing the advanced mathematical and physical properties of continuum mechanics. They progress to explain a finite elastoplastic constitutive model, discuss numerical issues on stress computation, implement the numerical algorithms for stress computation into large-deformation finite element analysis and illustrate several numerical examples of boundary-value problems. Programs for the stress computation of finite elastoplastic models explained in this book are included in an appendix, and the code can be downloaded from an accompanying website.